The document summarizes key aspects of the Byzantine Empire and Eastern Orthodox Church. It describes Constantinople as the wealthy capital city with advanced infrastructure. Emperor Justinian rebuilt the city after a rebellion and established new laws and expanded the empire's borders. The Eastern Orthodox Church was the dominant religion and viewed the emperor as both religious and political leader, in contrast to the growing power of the Pope in the Western Church, leading to a final split between the two in 1054.

1. CHAPTER 6 The Byzantine Empire I. Capital City of Constantinople A. Site was chosen for its location 1. Surrounded by water on 3 sides, it was easy to defend

3. Became a trading center for Europe and Asia 1. Became the richest city in the region

4. C. Technological advances made it an attractive place to live 1. Sewer system kept water clean 2. Hospitals, orphanages, & homes for the elderly improved peoples ’ lives 3. Unemployed people performed public services for food rations Home of Anthemius His mansions were turned into a home for the elderly.

5. D. Chariot races entertained everyone 1. Team rivalries sometimes erupted into street violence

6. II. The Reign of Emperor Justinian I A. He ruled from 527 to 565 C.E. B. Chariot race violence brought about a rebellion that destroyed Constantinople

7. C. He rebuilt the city with huge works projects 1. New bridges, public baths, parks, roads, & hospitals 2. New churches, like Hagia Sophia

8. D. Created systematic body of laws, known as Justinian ’s Code 1. Revised ancient Roman laws 2. Gave women right to own property

9. Justinian expanded borders and re-conquered much of old Empire:

10. III. The Eastern Orthodox Church

11. Based on beliefs dating back to Christ Byzantines saw the emperor as both a religious leader and a head of state Church played critical role in peoples ’ daily lives

12. D. Orthodox clergy had ranks, like Catholics Emperor had all religious authority Patriarch of Constantinople was next Other patriarchs were equal to him Bishops served under the patriarchs Priests served under patriarchs and bishops a. Priests could marry, but bishops could not

13. E. Liturgy , or mass, was recited by both priests and worshippers 1. Worshippers prayed to many saints a. Saint Basil promoted charity work b. Saint Cyril created the Cyrillic alphabet

14. Cyrillic Alphabet:

15. 2. Icons were a common feature of the Orthodox churches a. Christ the Pantocrator (ruler of all) b. Mary, the mother of Jesus c. Icons helped bring Orthodox Christians closer to God

16. IV. Conflict between Eastern and Western Churches A. Eastern (Orthodox) Christianity was influenced by Greek heritage & customs 1. Language of Constantinople was Greek

17. B. Western (Roman Catholic) Christianity was influenced by Frankish & Germanic cultures 1. Latin was the common language

18. C. Popes emerged as powerful figures in the west D. The Orthodox Church resisted the popes ’ claims of religious authority E. Three disagreements led to final split

19. 1. Emperor Leo III banned icons from Byzantine churches, angering pope

20. 2. Pope Leo III named Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor, angering the Byzantines, who already had named Empress Irene

21. 3. In 1054 C.E., Patriarch Cerularius ordered the closing of all Byzantine Churches still using western rites

22. a. Pope Leo IX issued a papal bull , ordering Cerularius to be excommunicated b. Schism (split) became permanent