Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. In response, South Carolina seceded from the Union in December 1860 and formed the Confederate States of America in February 1861. The Civil War began in April 1861 when Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Over the next four years, there were many major battles between Union and Confederate forces across rivers, coastlines, and states as the Union tried to regain control and split the Confederacy through its Anaconda Plan blockade. Key battles and events shifted momentum between the North and South until General Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House in April 1865, effectively ending the Civil War.

2. Political
Party Candidate
Popular
Vote
% Popular
Vote
Electoral
Vote
%
Electoral
Vote
Republican
Abraham
Lincoln
1,865,593 39.8 180 59.4
Northern
Democrat
Stephen
Douglas
1,382,713 29.5 12 4.0
Southern
Democrat
John C.
Breckinridge
848,356 18.1 72 23.8
Constitutiona
l Union
John Bell 592,906 12.6 39 12.9

4. November 6, 1860
•Lincoln is elected President
December 20, 1860
•South Carolina secedes from the Union
February 4, 1861
•The Confederate States of America is formed
February 9, 1861
•Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederacy
March 4, 1861
•Lincoln is inaugurated the 16th President of the USA
April 12, 1861
•First shots of the Civil War are fired at Fort Sumter, SC

5. Outline the North and the South on your map.

6. North
 Also called the
Union
 United States of
America
 USA
Border States
 Slave states that
stuck with the
North
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Ohio,
Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa,
Kansas, Oregon, California, Maryland, West Virginia,
Kentucky, Missouri

7. South
 Also called the
Confederacy
 Confederate
States of America
 CSA
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, South
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana,
Texas, Florida

8.  April 12, 1861
 First shots of the Civil War
 South fired on the US fort in
Charleston Harbor
 Confederacy win
 The South looks like the
aggressor
 In the north many people enlist
in the army
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter

9. Northern Strategy
1. blockade Southern ports to
prevent cotton going out
and imports of
manufactured goods
coming in
2. move riverboats and
armies up and down the
Mississippi to split the
Confederacy
3. capture the Confederate
capital of Richmond,
Virginia
Anaconda Plan

10.  July 21, 1861
 Lincoln orders an attack on
Confederate troops in
Manassas, Virginia
 Less than 30 miles from
Washington, DC
 Confederacy wins
 North realizes the war will not
be as easy as they thought
First Battle of Bull Run
Bull Run
Washington, DC

11.  February 6 and 13, 1862
 General Ulysses S. Grant (N)
has a major victory for the
North
 The capture of these 2 forts on
the Tennessee River shows
that the Anaconda Plan can
work
 First use of Ironclad ships in
battle – changing naval
warfare forever
Ironclads
Mississippi R.
Tennessee R.
Fort Henry
Fort Donelson

12.  April 6, 1862
 Northern Victory
 Scouts are used to secretly
learn about the enemy’s troops
 Trenches are used
 Very deadly and bloody battle
Shiloh
Mississippi R.
Tennessee R.

13.  Ironclad ships
 the North’s Monitor and the South’s
Merrimack were the first
 they could splinter wooden ships,
withstand cannon fire and resist
burning
 Rifle
 could be loaded more quickly and
fire more rounds during battle
 they were more accurate than old
muskets
 Minnie ball
 soft lead bullet that was more
destructive
 Primitive grenades and land mines
 Could kill more people and fighting
in trenches gave an advantage

14.  April 24, 1862
 Northern Victory
 The Union is successful in
cutting off access of the
Mississippi River from the
Confederacy
 Phase 1 of the Anaconda Plan
is a success.
New Orleans
Mississippi R.

15.  September 17, 1862
 Only 70 miles from
Washington, DC
 The North wins but General
McClellan does not pursue the
Southern army and is fired by
Lincoln
 First loss for Southern General
Robert E. Lee
 This is the bloodiest, single-day
battle in American history
(almost 23,000 dead or
wounded)
Antietam
Antietam
Washington, DC

16.  May 19 to July 3, 1863
 After laying siege to the
fortress at Vicksburg 2 ½
months, General Grant finally
secures a victory for the North
 The South loses all control of
the Mississippi River
 Phase 2 of the Anaconda Plan
is a success.
Vicksburg
Mississippi R.

17.  July 1-3, 1863
 General Lee decide to invade
the North
 Both sides amass huge
numbers of soldiers
 This is a turning point in the
war
 The Union victory cost the
South 1/3 of Lee’s entire force
 The South would not invade
the north again
Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg
Washington, DC

18.  November 1864 – April 1865
 Sherman used “Total War”
tactics targeting anything or
anyone that could help the
South
 Sherman raided Georgia
burning rail lines, fields,
animals as he marched north
to help Grant with Lee
 as he marched North he
continued burning
land/houses until he reached
North Carolina
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Chattanooga
Atlanta
Savannah
Columbia
Raleigh

19.  April 9, 1865
 Exhausted and out of food and
supplies, Lee surrendered to
Grant
 Within 2 months, the
remaining Confederate
resistance ends
Appomattox
Appomattox
Richmond