Cellular respiration occurs in three main stages to harvest energy from glucose and produce ATP. Stage 1 is glycolysis in the cytoplasm, which oxidizes glucose to pyruvate and generates 2 ATP and 2 NADH. Stage 2 is the citric acid cycle in the mitochondria, which completes glucose oxidation and generates more NADH and FADH2. Stage 3 is oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where electrons are transferred through an electron transport chain to generate ATP through chemiosmosis. Fermentation enables some ATP production without oxygen through glycolysis alone.