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Manchuria IGCSE History
The Japanese army invaded Manchuria in 1931 claiming China had sabotaged the Manchurian railway. They established the puppet state of Manchukuo. The League of Nations appointed a commission that reported Japan was the aggressor and should withdraw from Manchuria. However, Japan ignored the League's demands and resigned from the League in 1933, continuing their expansion by invading Jehol. The League's failure to enforce its rulings discredited it and showed that countries could ignore the League if they were powerful enough.
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Manchuria IGCSE History
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- 2. Manchuria • The Nationalistgovernment of China led by Chiang Kai-shek was weak, corrupt and busy fighting the Communists. • Because of the Great Depression, Japan wanted to build an empire to secure supplies of raw materials. • The Japanese government was controlled by the army • China ruled Manchuria, but the Japanese army ran the railway there, and ruled in Korea.
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- 4. Manchuria • Sept 1931:There was some vandalism on the Manchurian railway; Japan claimed the Chinese had sabotaged the railway. • They invaded Manchuria and set up the 'independent' (i.e. Japanese-controlled) state of Manchukuo under the former Emperor of China, Henry P'ui. • China appealed to the League.
- 5. Manchuria • Dec 1931:the League appointed a commission led by Lord Lytton to investigate. • He did not go to Manchuria until April 1932 and did not report until October. • Oct 1932: Lytton's report stated that Japan was the aggressor and should leave. • 24 Feb 1933: The Assembly voted that Japan should leave Manchuria • Japan walked out of the meeting.
- 6. Manchuria • Japan stayedin Manchuria. • The League could not agree economic sanctions or an arms sales ban. • In 1933 Japan resigned from the League, and invaded/ conquered Jehol (next to Manchuria).
- 7. Manchuria A SPECTACULAR failure: 1.The Japanese continued to expand: • they kept Manchuria • they invaded Jehol in 1933 and China in 1937.
- 8. Manchuria A SPECTACULAR failure: 2. TheLeague was discredited/ Manchuria showed: • It was slow (the Lytton Report took almost a year) • A country could get its own way if it ignored it • ‘Collective security' was useless against big countries - especially during the Great Depression. • Even the great powers within the League (Japan was on the Council) were happy to ignore it.