quarter 2 week6-7

1. SPORE BEARING AND CONE BEARING PLANTS
Two Classification of Non-Flowering Plants:
1. Spore-Bearing Plants (producing spores instead seeds)
Algae – the simplest Spore-Bearing Plants that thrive in water. These are single-celled organisms that
make use of sunlight and nutrients floating in the water that they inhabit to live.
Ferns – are the most popular Spore-Bearing Plants. Most ferns have a spore-bearing capsule
(sporangium Plural: Sporangia) included on a certain or even on every leaf.
Common Ferns: cinnamon stick, staghorn, horsetails, whisk ferns, maiden’s hair, bird’s nest fern, and club
mosses. Also known as Seedless Vascular Plant
LIFE CYCLE OF FERNS
This cycle undergoes Alternation of Generations in which it involves the dominant or large sporophyte
(produce the spores through Meiosis -> special type of cell division that produces gametes) and the very small
gametophyte in which bear two reproductive organs -> Archegonium and Antheridium (it undergoes Mitosis -
> process in cell cycle where in a cell duplicates into two genetically alike daughter cells).
1. When the Sperm Cell (produced by Antheridium – male reproductive part) penetrates the Egg Cell (produced
by Archegonium – female reproductive part), Fertilization happens until the zygote develops into embryo.
2. New Sporophyte and Gametophyte develops.
3. The Ferns grow well when the mature sporophyte appears with its fiddlehead.
4. Each leaf has sporangium that encloses spores (or a capsule that contains spores) Plural: Sporangia
Sorus – sporangia in clusters / Plural : Sori
5. As the Sporangium develops in the process of Meiosis, there will be Spore Dispersal.
6. Spores will develop its sprouts that considered as young gametophyte until it will become mature
gametophyte.
Mosses – are minute plants though some grow a bit larger. they often to grow in cool, moist environments. Also
known as Non- Vascular Plant
Like the ferns, this cycle undergoes Alternation of Generations.
The Gametophyte Generation is leafy and upright and its reproductive organs are formed at the tip of
gametophyte.

2. 2. Cone – Bearing Plants or also known as Conifers and they are called Gymnosperms. (producing cones -
naked seeds -> the seeds are not enclosed in a fruit unlike the flowering plants).
Examples: Pine tree, Cypress, Gingkoes
The woody and leafy fine tree is the diploid sporophyte generation that will give rise to the cones which are
the reproductive gametophyte generation.
 Two types of Pine tree cones: female and male cone
 In female cone, meiosis results into four haploid spores (female gametophyte -> ovule)
 In male cone, mitosis produces pollen grains that will dispersed by wind to pollinate the female cone.
The pollen grains penetrate the female gametophyte that will lead to the fertilization of the egg, forming
a zygote (in which it undergoes cell division to form embryo).
 The gametophyte, the sporangium, and the covering make up the ovule in which it will eventually shed
to become a seed.
 These winged seeds are scattered by the wind and will soon germinate into young pine trees.