The document provides an overview of political, economic, and social developments in Africa and India between 1750 and 1870. In Africa, new states like the Zulu Kingdom and Sokoto Caliphate emerged, while Egypt and Ethiopia modernized under Muhammad Ali and local kings. European powers colonized parts of Africa, and the slave trade declined as legitimate commerce in goods like palm oil expanded. In India, the British East India Company gained control of territories and the British Raj was established after the Sepoy Rebellion. The Raj aimed to introduce reforms while respecting traditions, leading to inconsistencies in policy. Indian nationalism emerged in response to British rule.
AP WORLD HISTORY - Chapter 18 colonial encounters in asia and africa 1750 1950S Sandoval
AP WORLD HISTORY: Book: Ways of the World by R. Strayer.
Summary of Chapter 18: Colonial Encounters in Asia and Africa 1750-1950. The European moment in world history 1750-1914.
Chapter 9 world of islam: Afro-Eurasian connections, Ways of the World bookS Sandoval
AP World History Book, Ways of the World, Second Edition by Robert W. Strayer, Summary of Chapter 11: The Worlds of Islam 600-1500. An age of Accelerating Connections. Study and Enjoy!
Chapter 11 Mongol Monument Empire - Ways of the World AP World History BookS Sandoval
Summary of Chapter 11 from AP World History book, Ways of the World by Robert W. Strayer. Chapter 11 Pastoral peoples on the global stage: Mongol Monument 1200-1500
AP WORLD HISTORY - Chapter 18 colonial encounters in asia and africa 1750 1950S Sandoval
AP WORLD HISTORY: Book: Ways of the World by R. Strayer.
Summary of Chapter 18: Colonial Encounters in Asia and Africa 1750-1950. The European moment in world history 1750-1914.
Chapter 9 world of islam: Afro-Eurasian connections, Ways of the World bookS Sandoval
AP World History Book, Ways of the World, Second Edition by Robert W. Strayer, Summary of Chapter 11: The Worlds of Islam 600-1500. An age of Accelerating Connections. Study and Enjoy!
Chapter 11 Mongol Monument Empire - Ways of the World AP World History BookS Sandoval
Summary of Chapter 11 from AP World History book, Ways of the World by Robert W. Strayer. Chapter 11 Pastoral peoples on the global stage: Mongol Monument 1200-1500
Mongol conquest of Asia and Eastern Europe by Genghis and Khan Kublai Khan. Also additional information on Mongolia, Russia, the Yuan & Ming Empire, Vietnam, Korea and Japan.
Powerpoint presentation based on Strayer's 3rd edition Ways of the World text for High School AP and Honors history students. Chapter covers Imperialism of the 19th century.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
5. Thursday – Mar. 16th
Imperialism - Africa
The Roots of Western
Imperialism
6. Thursday – Mar. 16th
Imperialism - Asia
The Roots of Western
Imperialism
7. New Africa States
► Serious drought hit the coastlands of southeastern Africa in
the early nineteenth century
This led to conflicts over grazing and farming lands.
During these conflicts Shaka used strict military drill and close-
combat warfare in order to build the Zulu kingdom.
► Some neighboring Africans created their own states (such
as Swaziland and Lesotho) in order to protect themselves
against the expansionist Zulu kingdom.
► Shaka ruled the Zulu kingdom for little more than a
decade, but he succeeded in creating a new national
identity as well as a new kingdom.
8. Muslim States in Africa
► In West Africa movements to purify Islam led to the
construction of new states through the classic Muslim
pattern of jihad.
► The largest of these reform movements occurred in the
Hausa states and led to the establishment of the Sokoto
Caliphate (1809–1906).
► The new Muslim states became centers of Islamic learning
and reform.
► Sokoto and other Muslim states both sold slaves and used
slaves in order to raise food, thus making it possible for
them to seclude free Muslim women in their homes in
accordance with reformed Muslim practice.
9. Modernization in Egypt
► In Egypt, Muhammad Ali (r. 1805–1848) carried out a
series of modernizing reforms that were intended to build
up Egypt’s military strength.
► In order to pay for his reform program, Muhammad Ali
required Egyptian peasants to cultivate cotton and other
crops for export.
► Muhammad Ali’s grandson Ismail placed even more
emphasis on westernizing Egypt.
► Ismail’s ambitious construction programs (railroads, the
new capital city of Cairo) were funded by borrowing from
French and British banks, which led Britain and France
to occupy the country when the market for cotton
collapsed after the American Civil War.
11. Modernization in Ethiopia
► In the mid- to late nineteenth century
Ethiopian kings:
Reconquered territory that had been lost
since the sixteenth century
Purchased modern European weapons
Began to manufacture weapons locally
► An attempt to hold British officials captive
led to a temporary British occupation in
the 1860s, but the British withdrew and the
modernization program continued.
12. France and Algeria
► In 1830 France invaded Algeria.
► It took the French eighteen years to defeat
Algerian resistance organized by the Muslim
holy man Abd al-Qadir.
It took a total of 48 years to put down resistance
forces.
► By 1871 130,000 European settlers had
taken possession of rich Algerian farmland.
13. European Penetration
► European explorers carried out peaceful
expeditions in order to:
Trace the course of Africa’s rivers
Assess the mineral wealth of the continent
Convert Africans to Christianity.
► David Livingstone, Henry Morton Stanley,
and other explorers traced the courses of
the Nile, the Niger, the Zambezi, and the
Congo rivers.
14. Abolition and Legitimate Trade
► In 1808 news of slave revolts like that on Saint
Domingue and the activities of abolitionists
combined to lead Britain and the United States to
prohibit their citizens from participating in the slave
trade.
► The British used their navy in order to stop the
slave trade, but the continued demand for slaves
in Cuba and Brazil meant that the slave trade did
not end until 1867.
► As the slave trade declined, Africans expanded
their “legitimate trade” in gold and other goods.
15. Palm Oil
► The most successful new export was palm oil that
was exported to British manufacturers of soap,
and candles.
► The increased export of palm oil altered the social
structure of coastal trading communities of the
Niger Delta, as is demonstrated in the career of
the canoe slave Jaja who became a wealthy palm
oil trader in the 1870s.
17. Slave and Ivory Trade
► When British patrols ended the slave trade
on the Atlantic coast, slave traders in the
Atlantic trade began to purchase their
slaves from East African markets.
► Zanzibar Island and neighboring territories
ruled by the Sultan of Oman were important
in the slave trade, the ivory trade, and in the
cultivation of cloves on plantations using
slave labor.
18. Secondary Empires
► The demand for ivory along the East African
coast allowed African and Arab merchants
hundreds of miles inland to build large personal
trading empires.
► Historians refer to these empires as “secondary
empires” because they depended on Western
demand for ivory and other goods and on
Western manufacturers for weapons.
► Egypt’s expansion southward in the nineteenth
century may also be considered a secondary
empire. Muhammad Ali invaded the Egyptian
Sudan in order to secure slaves for his armies.
21. Company Men
► In the eighteenth century the Mughal Empire was
defeated and its capital sacked by marauding
Iranian armies.
► Internally, the Mughal’s deputies ( nawabs) had
become de facto independent rulers of their
states.
► British, French, and Dutch companies staffed by
ambitious young “Company Men” established
trading posts and strategic places and hired Indian
troops (sepoys) to defend them.
22. The British East India Company
► By the early 1800s the British East India
Company had:
pushed the French out of south India
forced the Mughal Empire to recognize
Company rule over Bengal
taken control of large territories that became the
core of the “Bombay Presidency.”
23. The Raj
► The British raj (reign) over India aimed both
to:
Introduce administrative and social reform
To hold the support of Indian allies by
respecting Indian social and religious customs.
► These contradictory goals led to many
inconsistencies in British policies toward
India.
24. Indian Government
► Before 1850 the British created a government that
relied on:
sepoy military power
disarmed the warriors of the Indian states
gave free reign to Christian missionaries
established a private land ownership system in order to
ease tax collection.
► At the same time, the British bolstered the
“traditional” power of princes and holy men and
invented “traditional” rituals to celebrate their own
rule.
25. The Sepoy Rebellion
► British political and economic influence benefited
Indian elites and created jobs in some sectors.
► It did bring new oppression to the poor and caused
the collapse of the traditional textile industry.
► Discontent among the needy and particularly
among the Indian soldiers led to the Sepoy
Rebellion of 1857.
The rebellion was suppressed in 1858, but it gave the
British a severe shock.
26. Political Reform & Industrial Impact
► After the rebellion of 1857–1858 the British
eliminated the last traces of Mughal and
Company rule and installed a new
government, administered from London.
► The new government continued to:
emphasize both tradition and reform
maintain Indian princes in luxury
Stage elaborate ceremonial pageants known as
durbars
27. Indian Civil Service
► An efficient bureaucracy, the Indian Civil
Service, now controlled the Indian masses.
► Recruitment into the ICS was by
examinations that were theoretically open to
all, but in practice, racist attitudes prevented
Indians from gaining access to the upper
levels of administration.
28. The British in India
► After 1857 the British government and British
enterprises:
expanded the production and export of agricultural
commodities
built irrigation systems, railroads, and telegraph lines
► Freer movement of people into the cities caused
the spread of cholera, which was brought under
control when new sewage and filtered water
systems were installed in the major cities in the
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
29. Rising Indian Nationalism
► The failure of the rebellion of 1857
prompted some Indians to argue that the
only way for Indians to regain control of their
destiny was to reduce their country’s social
and ethnic divisions and to promote a Pan-
Indian nationalism.
30. Brahmo Samaj Movement
► In the early nineteenth century Ram Mouhan Roy
and his Brahmo Samaj movement tried to:
Reconcile Indian religious traditions with Western values
Reform traditional abuses of women.
► After 1857, Indian intellectuals tended to turn
toward Western secular values and western
nationalism as a way of developing a Pan-Indian
nationalism that would transcend regional and
religious differences.
32. Indian National Congress
► Indian middle class nationalists convened
the first Indian National Congress in 1885.
► The Congress promoted national unity and
argued for greater inclusion of Indians in the
Civil Service, but it was an elite organization
with little support from the masses.
34. Colonies and Commerce
► British defeat of French and Dutch forces in the
Napoleonic Wars allowed Britain to expand its
control in South Africa, Southeast Asia, and the
southern Caribbean.
► The Cape Colony was valuable to Britain because
of its strategic importance as a supply station on
the route to India.
► In response to British pressure the descendants of
earlier French and Dutch settlers (the Afrikaners)
embarked on a “Great Trek” to found new colonies
on the fertile high field that had been depopulated
by the Zulu wars.
35. Britain’s Southeast Asian Posts
► The British also established a series of
strategic outposts in Southeast Asia.
Thomas Raffles established the free port of
Singapore in 1824
Assam was annexed to India in 1826
Burma was annexed in 1852
37. Imperial Policies and Shipping
► Historians usually depict Britain in this
period as a reluctant empire builder, more
interested in trade than in acquiring territory.
► Most of the new colonies were intended to
serve as ports in a global shipping network
that the British envisioned in terms of free
trade, as opposed to the previous
mercantilist trade policy.
38. Exportation of Goods
► Whether colonized or not, African, Asian,
and Pacific lands were being drawn into the
commercial networks created by British
expansion and industrialization.
► These areas became exporters of raw
materials and agricultural goods and
importers of affordable manufactured
products.
39. Shipbuilding
► A second impetus to global commercial
expansion was the technological revolution
in the construction of oceangoing ships in
the nineteenth century.
► Use of iron to fasten timbers together and
the use of huge canvas sails allowed
shipbuilders to make larger, faster vessels
that lowered the cost of shipping and thus
stimulated maritime trade.
40. Colonization of
Australia and New Zealand
► The development of new ships and shipping
contributed to the colonization of Australia and
New Zealand by British settlers that displaced
the indigenous populations.
► Portuguese mariners sighted Australia in the
early seventeenth century, and Captain James
Cook surveyed New Zealand and the eastern
Australian coast between 1769 and 1778.
► Unfamiliar diseases brought by new overseas
contacts substantially reduced the populations of
the hunter-gatherer Aborigines of Australia and
the Maori of New Zealand.
42. Immigration
► Australia received British convicts and, after
the discovery of gold in 1851, a flood of free
European (and some Chinese) settlers.
► British settlers came more slowly to New
Zealand until defeat of the Maori, faster
ships, and a short gold rush brought more
British immigrants after 1860.
43. Governing Themselves
► The British crown gradually turned governing
power over to the British settlers of Australia and
New Zealand, but Aborigines and the Maori
experienced discrimination.
► Australia did develop powerful trade unions.
► New Zealand promoted the availability of land for
the common person.
► Both Australia and New Zealand granted women
the right to vote in 1894.
44. New Labor Migrations
► Between 1834 and 1870 large numbers of
Indians, Chinese, and Africans went
overseas as laborers.
► British India was the greatest source of
migrant laborers, and British colonies
(particularly sugar plantations) were the
principal destinations of the migrants.
45. Indentured Servitude Returns
► With the end of slavery, the demand for cheap
labor in the British colonies, Cuba, and Hawaii was
filled by Indians, free Africans, Chinese, and
Japanese workers.
► These workers served under contracts of
indenture which bound them to work for a
specified number of years in return for free
passage to their overseas destination, a small
salary, and free housing, clothing and medical
care.
46. Changes in Indentured Servitude
► These new indentured migrants were similar to the
European emigrants of the time in that they left
their homelands voluntarily in order to make
money that they could send or take back home or
to finance a new life in their new country.
► However, people recruited as indentured laborers
were:
much poorer than European emigrants
took lower-paying jobs
unable to afford the passage to the most desirable
areas