The chapter discusses the growth of democracy in Western countries during the 19th and early 20th centuries. In Britain, political change came through gradual reform over the 1800s that expanded voting rights. France transitioned to more democratic systems through Napoleon III's Second Empire and the subsequent Third Republic. The US expanded significantly in size and population over this period as well.

1. Chapter 24:Chapter 24:
Growth of WesternGrowth of Western
DemocraciesDemocracies
Section 1: Britain Becomes more DemocraticSection 1: Britain Becomes more Democratic
Section 2: A Century of ReformSection 2: A Century of Reform
Section 3: Division & Democracy in FranceSection 3: Division & Democracy in France
Section 4: Expansion of the United StatesSection 4: Expansion of the United States

2. Section 1: Britain Becomes moreSection 1: Britain Becomes more
DemocraticDemocratic
 Summary:Summary:
 In Britain, political change came from gradualIn Britain, political change came from gradual
reform throughout the 1800sreform throughout the 1800s

3. Section 1: Britain Becomes moreSection 1: Britain Becomes more
DemocraticDemocratic
 In 1815, Britain had a monarchIn 1815, Britain had a monarch
 It also had a parliament with two politicalIt also had a parliament with two political
partiesparties
 Still, it wasStill, it was NOTNOT democraticdemocratic
Parliament was made up of the House of LordsParliament was made up of the House of Lords
(nobles and high-ranking church leaders) and the(nobles and high-ranking church leaders) and the
House of Commons (men elected by the 5% ofHouse of Commons (men elected by the 5% of
the population who had the right to vote)the population who had the right to vote)

4. Section 1: Britain Becomes moreSection 1: Britain Becomes more
DemocraticDemocratic
 Moreover, the House of Lords had theMoreover, the House of Lords had the
power topower to vetoveto, or reject, any bill passed by, or reject, any bill passed by
the House of Commonsthe House of Commons
 Therefore, reformers wanted more democracyTherefore, reformers wanted more democracy
 In the 1820s England ended laws thatIn the 1820s England ended laws that
restricted some religious groups from votingrestricted some religious groups from voting
 Another problem confronting EnglishAnother problem confronting English
democracy was the existence ofdemocracy was the existence of ‘rotten‘rotten
boroughs’boroughs’

5. Section 1: Britain Becomes moreSection 1: Britain Becomes more
DemocraticDemocratic
 The growth of cities had left some ruralThe growth of cities had left some rural
boroughs, or towns with few votersboroughs, or towns with few voters
 TheseThese rotten boroughsrotten boroughs had more than their fairhad more than their fair
share of seats in Parliamentshare of seats in Parliament
 TheThe Reform Act of 1832Reform Act of 1832 gave more seats togave more seats to
large townslarge towns
It also extended suffrage to all men who ownedIt also extended suffrage to all men who owned
propertyproperty

6. Section 1: Britain Becomes moreSection 1: Britain Becomes more
DemocraticDemocratic
 Queen Victoria ruledQueen Victoria ruled
the British Empirethe British Empire
from 1837-1901from 1837-1901
 TheThe Victorian AgeVictorian Age
was a time for mannerswas a time for manners
hard work, honesty andhard work, honesty and
reformreform

7. Section 1: Britain Becomes moreSection 1: Britain Becomes more
DemocraticDemocratic
 In the 1860s, political parties changedIn the 1860s, political parties changed
 Nobles and landowners of theNobles and landowners of the ToryTory PartyParty
joined the newjoined the new ConservativeConservative PartyParty
 The mostly Middle-classThe mostly Middle-class WhigWhig Party grewParty grew
into theinto the LiberalLiberal PartyParty
Both Parties wanted DemocracyBoth Parties wanted Democracy

8. Section 1: Britain Becomes moreSection 1: Britain Becomes more
DemocraticDemocratic
 A Conservative bill extended suffrage toA Conservative bill extended suffrage to
working class menworking class men
 Later, liberals extended suffrage to includeLater, liberals extended suffrage to include
farmers and most other menfarmers and most other men
 Another Liberal bill limited the veto power ofAnother Liberal bill limited the veto power of
the House of Lords & gave the House ofthe House of Lords & gave the House of
Commons more powerCommons more power

9. Section 2: A Century of ReformSection 2: A Century of Reform
 Summary:Summary:
 In the 1800s and early 1900s, ParliamentIn the 1800s and early 1900s, Parliament
passed many reform measurespassed many reform measures

10. Section 2: A Century of ReformSection 2: A Century of Reform
 From 1815 to 1914, British reformersFrom 1815 to 1914, British reformers
called for changecalled for change
 New laws improved working conditions andNew laws improved working conditions and
allowed trade unionsallowed trade unions
They also provided for free elementary schoolsThey also provided for free elementary schools
reduced harsh punishments for crimes and endedreduced harsh punishments for crimes and ended
slaveryslavery
 Trade reforms lowered tariffs, or taxes on importedTrade reforms lowered tariffs, or taxes on imported
goodsgoods

11. Section 2: A Century of ReformSection 2: A Century of Reform
 In 1900, the trade unions founded a newIn 1900, the trade unions founded a new
political party, the Labour Partypolitical party, the Labour Party
 It pushed through more laws to protectIt pushed through more laws to protect
workersworkers

12. Section 2: A Century of ReformSection 2: A Century of Reform
 British women called for the right ofBritish women called for the right of
suffragesuffrage, or the right vote, or the right vote
 They held huge rallies and marchesThey held huge rallies and marches
 When these demonstrations failed, someWhen these demonstrations failed, some
protesters smashed windows and burnedprotesters smashed windows and burned
buildingsbuildings
A few went on hunger strikesA few went on hunger strikes
In 1918, Parliament gave the right to vote forIn 1918, Parliament gave the right to vote for
women over 30, in 1928 suffrage was extendedwomen over 30, in 1928 suffrage was extended
to include women 18 and overto include women 18 and over

13. Section 2: A Century of ReformSection 2: A Century of Reform
 Throughout the 1800s, Nationalists inThroughout the 1800s, Nationalists in
Ireland fought British ruleIreland fought British rule
 Ireland demanded CHANGE!!!Ireland demanded CHANGE!!!
No longer would the Irish pay high rents to theirNo longer would the Irish pay high rents to their
British landlordsBritish landlords
No longer would Irish Catholics turn over theirNo longer would Irish Catholics turn over their
money to support the Church of Englandmoney to support the Church of England
No longer would Irish crops go to England whileNo longer would Irish crops go to England while
Irish families starvedIrish families starved

14. Section 2: A Century of ReformSection 2: A Century of Reform
 In the 1870s, Irish Nationalists called forIn the 1870s, Irish Nationalists called for
Home RuleHome Rule, or, or local self-governmentlocal self-government
 Finally, in 1914, Parliament passed a homeFinally, in 1914, Parliament passed a home
rule billrule bill
Counties in the South of Ireland becameCounties in the South of Ireland became
independent in 1921independent in 1921

15. Section 2: A Century of ReformSection 2: A Century of Reform
 Quiz – Irish Potato FamineQuiz – Irish Potato Famine
 1.) Give a reason for the severity of the1.) Give a reason for the severity of the
famine.famine.
 2.) How did the actions of England worsen2.) How did the actions of England worsen
this disaster?this disaster?

16. Section 3: Division & Democracy in FranceSection 3: Division & Democracy in France
 Summary:Summary:
 Democratic reforms in France took placeDemocratic reforms in France took place
under Napoleon III’s Second Empire and itsunder Napoleon III’s Second Empire and its
successor, the Third Republicsuccessor, the Third Republic

17. Section 3: Division & Democracy in FranceSection 3: Division & Democracy in France
 After the French Revolution of 1848, LouisAfter the French Revolution of 1848, Louis
Napoleon was elected president of theNapoleon was elected president of the
Second RepublicSecond Republic
 He was the nephew to Napoleon BonaparteHe was the nephew to Napoleon Bonaparte
and his famous name won him votesand his famous name won him votes

18. Section 3: Division & Democracy in FranceSection 3: Division & Democracy in France
 The working class liked his talk of socialThe working class liked his talk of social
reformreform
 But in 1852, he declared himself Napoleon IIIBut in 1852, he declared himself Napoleon III
ruler of the Second Empireruler of the Second Empire
He ruled like a dictator, censoring the press andHe ruled like a dictator, censoring the press and
choosing officialschoosing officials
However, he did keep his word to workers, byHowever, he did keep his word to workers, by
allowing them to set up unions and free healthallowing them to set up unions and free health
carecare

19. Section 3: Division & Democracy in FranceSection 3: Division & Democracy in France
 While Napoleon III made reforms at homeWhile Napoleon III made reforms at home
he made major mistakes in foreign policyhe made major mistakes in foreign policy
 He tried to take power in Mexico and failedHe tried to take power in Mexico and failed
 In 1870, a crushing defeat at the hands ofIn 1870, a crushing defeat at the hands of
Prussia (Bismarck & William I) ended thePrussia (Bismarck & William I) ended the
Second EmpireSecond Empire

20. Section 3: Division & Democracy in FranceSection 3: Division & Democracy in France
 The Third Republic aroseThe Third Republic arose
 It had aIt had a moremore democratic two-house legislaturedemocratic two-house legislature
 All men could vote for members of theAll men could vote for members of the lowerlower
househouse
 The two houses elected a president, but theThe two houses elected a president, but the
real power belonged to thereal power belonged to the premierpremier, or Prime, or Prime
MinisterMinister
 A constitution separated church & state andA constitution separated church & state and
guarded human rightsguarded human rights

21. Section 3: Division & Democracy in FranceSection 3: Division & Democracy in France
 In 1894, a scandal shook the ThirdIn 1894, a scandal shook the Third
RepublicRepublic
 Captain Albert Dreyfus was jailed for spyingCaptain Albert Dreyfus was jailed for spying
for the Germansfor the Germans
Some people felt the Army blamed DreyfusSome people felt the Army blamed Dreyfus
solely because he was Jewishsolely because he was Jewish
 In the end Dreyfus was proven innocentIn the end Dreyfus was proven innocent

22. Section 3: Division & Democracy in FranceSection 3: Division & Democracy in France
 TheThe Dreyfus AffairDreyfus Affair, along with, along with
antisemitismantisemitism (or prejudice against Jewish(or prejudice against Jewish
people), across Europe worried Jewishpeople), across Europe worried Jewish
leadersleaders
 Some began to call for a separate state whereSome began to call for a separate state where
Jewish people would have the rights andJewish people would have the rights and
freedoms denied to them in Europeanfreedoms denied to them in European
countriescountries