This document provides an overview of several revolutions: - The English Civil War of 1642, American Revolution of 1776, French Revolution of 1789, Russian Revolution of 1917, and Chinese Civil War of 1911 are highlighted. - Key concepts of nation-state, personal vs national identity, and what constitutes a revolution are introduced. - The English Civil War is examined in more detail, outlining the reasons for conflict between King Charles I and Parliament, as well as the outcomes of the war and subsequent Restoration and Glorious Revolution periods.

4. England

28. The Restoration (1660) After Cromwell died, there was no one to replace him. This is always a challenge for governments. Who will rule? How will we decide?

29. The Restoration (1660) Restoration means to put back in place. England removed the monarchy in 1649. England restored the monarchy in 1660.

31. What do you think Charles II did to get along with Parliament?

38. This is Charles II’s brother, James II. A Catholic!

40. Where are the Netherlands?

49. Estates-General

54. National Assembly

57. Tennis Court Oath

60. What is Bastille Day?

63. Population Movement

81. Guillotine

87. Reign of Terror

88. Reign of Terror

91. Execution of Maximilien Robespierre on July 27, 1794.

92. End of the Terror continued Moderate Change NOTHING! Change EVERYTHING!

100. Revolutions in Russia

101. Write these notes on a separate sheet of paper. The notetaking guide does not match up.

102. 1917 Bolsheviks October Revolution Time Line Russian Revolutions, 1900–1939 1905 Bloody Sunday: workers protest, asking for better conditions . 1917 Workers March Revolution 1937 Stalin’s Great Purge 1929 Stalin becomes dictator 1918 Russian civil war begins 1900 1939

105. What Russia revolted against. a. Revolt against Tsar b. Revolt against Bolsheviks c. Revolt against capitalism Russian Revolutions Russia revolted against several things.

106. Revolt against the Tsar Russian Revolutions Your goal: Understand what led Russian citizens to revolution.

108. Nicholas II continues autocracy

109. This is how the Tsar ruled! This isn’t fair!

116. Revolt against the Bolsheviks Russian Revolutions Your goal: Understand why the transfer of power was unsuccessful.

121. Revolt against capitalism Russian Revolutions Your goal: Understand why capitalism was opposed in Russia.

122. Capitalism CREATES social classes based on wealth.

124. This is not what Karl Marx wanted. The WORKERS were supposed to be in charge. What’s this Communist Party doing running everything? Angry face

125. Joseph Stalin and State Control Totalitarianism Your goal: Understand what a totalitarian government is.

126. Collective Farming

128. Totalitarianism

132. More Collective Farming

136. Why did coal production see the biggest growth?

138. Collective Farming Posters

140. five years plan

141. five year plan

142. 5E Five Year Plan

144. Russian Propaganda Art

145. Young Communists

146. Communist

147. Hammer and Sickle

151. Chinese Civil War

152. Ancient China Part 1:

159. Modern China 1842-2011 Part 2:

172. That was a vocabulary term. Did you get it? What was the May Fourth Movement?

174. That was a vocabulary term. Did you get it? What was the Kuomintang?

180. Lenin only wanted the Nationalists and Communists to cooperate for a little while. “ get rid of the warlords” Then he was going to eliminate the Nationalists. “ Workers of the world unite.” Communism is international.

181. Look at where the Communists and Nationalists had power.

186. The White Terror of April 1927

188. Communists are out of the way. Nationalists (Kuomintang) have control of China. Jiang Jieshi becomes president of the Republic of China. Western powers such as US and Britain formally recognize.

189. You better recognize! Yeah, yeah. We recognize. Yeah, yeah. We recognize.

190. You killed my communists! I DON’T recognize. Russia wasn’t so happy.

192. Land

193. Land Land was taken away from landowners and given to peasants. This is called Land Reform.

194. Journal Entry Why do you think this Land Reform would get the Communist Party the support it needed?

196. The Long March What was it? A 6000 mile journey taken by Communists escaping the Nationalist army from 1934-1936. Why was it significant? Along the way, the Communists shared their ideas and gave hope to desperate peasants. This is how the Communists gained popular support.

197. The Cold War 1949-1990 The Soviet Union wanted the world to be communist. The United States wanted the world to be capitalist. These nations did not fight each other directly. Instead, they tried to influence other natons.

198. The Cold War How do you think the Cold War affected the Chinese civil war?

199. The Cold War The Soviet Union supported the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The United States supported the Nationalist party (KMT).

200. The Nationalists had the advantage. Nationalists outnumbered the communist Red Army 3 to 1. The United States gave money to the Nationalists: nearly $2 billion. The Communists were on the run, retreating across 6000 miles of territory.

201. But China today is Communist. What happened to the Nationalists?

202. The Nationalists lost the people… and therefore, the war. The Nationalists let us down, but Mao gave us ________ and Mao gave us ________.

205. Taiwan

206. Taiwan

207. This is about how Taiwan compares to California in size.

209. Nationalize businesses! Private businesses were gradually taken over by the government. The Chinese Communist Party then made all decisions for each business. All control is from the government. All profit is for the government.

210. Increase industry! 1953, Mao launched a five-year plan that set high production goals for industry. China boosted its output of coal, cement, steel, machines and electricity. Thousands of new industrial projects were created.

211. Now let’s talk about changing the farms. How can we make them more productive?

212. Collectivize farms! 1950 Mao continued land reform. 1952 Mao wanted to increase productivity everywhere, including the farms.

213. Remember this? Stalin collectivized farms for greater productivity. So did Mao Zedong.

214. 1952 Chinese farmers were told to share their animals, equipment and labor with other farmers. Sounds good. We like to share.

217. 1930’s Chinese farmers often owned no land. They lived and worked for a landlord. Life was hard.

218. 1940’s Farmers own an equal share of land. Mao Zedong said it was unfair for someone to have lots of land, when other people had none. He split up each piece of land so everyone owned about 1/2 acre of land. They could farm it however they liked.

219. 1952 Farmers share equipment. Mao Zedong wanted more agricultural productivity. Each farmer now had to share his tools, equipment and labor with 10 other farmers nearby. This was a Mutual Aid Team. It worked really well. Productivity increased.

220. 1953 Farmers share everything. If small teams work well, don’t you think big teams would work better? Agricultural Producer Cooperatives More farms are joined together. Farmers still have some differences in income based on land and equipment.

223. How do you like me now?

224. Dazhai Commune

226. Journal entry The commune system did not provide the increased productivity that Mao Zedong anticipated. A few farmers cooperating together increased production, but thousands of farmers together did not. Why do you think this happened?