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Chapter 24 Section 1 
Latin American Peoples Win Independence 
• Objectives: 
- Identify the elements of colonial society 
that caused unrest in Latin America. 
- Explain how Haiti won independence. 
- Describe the activities of Bolivar, Sam 
Martin, Native Americans, and Mestizos in 
liberation events. 
- Describe Brazil’s peaceful liberation
Colonial Society Divided 
• Class dictated one’s place in society and job. 
• Peninsulares – were born in Spain. Held the 
high offices in the government. 
• Creoles – Spaniards who were born in Latin 
America. Could not hold government office but 
could rise as officers in the military. 
• Mestizos – mixed European and Indian 
• Mulattos – mixed European and African 
• Slaves – enslaved Africans 
• Indians – Native Americans
Revolutions in America 
• Saint Domingue was the first Latin American 
territory to free itself from European rule. 
• Self-rule colonies wanted to rule themselves. 
• 500,000 enslaved Africans worked plantations 
• 1791 slave revolt led by Toussaint L’Ouveture 
– he was captured in 1802 
• Jean Jacques Dessalines – took up the fight 
for freedom. 1804 named the island Haiti
Creoles Lead Independence 
• Creoles were the least oppressed and the best 
educated of those born in Latin America. 
• Many Creoles were educated in Europe 
• In Europe they read about and adopted 
Enlightenment ideas 
• South American Independence 
• Simon Bolivar general from Venezuela 
• Jose de San Martin general from Argentina 
• Eventually they joined forces under Bolivar
Mexico Ends Spanish Rule 
• 1810 Miguel Hidalgo priest urged the peasants 
to rebel Grito de Dolores 
• Jose Maria Morelos priest who was a good 
military strategists took the fight for 
independence from Hidalgo. Was defeated by 
Augustin de Iturbide 
• Iturbide proclaimed Mexico’s independence in 
1821
Brazil’s Royal Liberator 
• Brazil’s independence was different from the other South 
American nations in that it was not violent, no bloodshed. 
• King John IV fled Portugal when Napoleon invaded. He 
ruled from Brazil for 14 years. 
• After the defeat of Napoleon King John IV returned to 
Portugal. 
• Dom Pedro King John’s son stayed behind in Brazil. 
• Brazilians wanted to rule themselves and asked Dom 
Pedro to rule them. 
• In 1822 Dom Pedro declared and was granted Brazil’s 
independence.
Brazil’s Royal Liberator 
• Brazil’s independence was different from the other South 
American nations in that it was not violent, no bloodshed. 
• King John IV fled Portugal when Napoleon invaded. He 
ruled from Brazil for 14 years. 
• After the defeat of Napoleon King John IV returned to 
Portugal. 
• Dom Pedro King John’s son stayed behind in Brazil. 
• Brazilians wanted to rule themselves and asked Dom 
Pedro to rule them. 
• In 1822 Dom Pedro declared and was granted Brazil’s 
independence.

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Ch 24 section 1 notes (1)

  • 1. Chapter 24 Section 1 Latin American Peoples Win Independence • Objectives: - Identify the elements of colonial society that caused unrest in Latin America. - Explain how Haiti won independence. - Describe the activities of Bolivar, Sam Martin, Native Americans, and Mestizos in liberation events. - Describe Brazil’s peaceful liberation
  • 2. Colonial Society Divided • Class dictated one’s place in society and job. • Peninsulares – were born in Spain. Held the high offices in the government. • Creoles – Spaniards who were born in Latin America. Could not hold government office but could rise as officers in the military. • Mestizos – mixed European and Indian • Mulattos – mixed European and African • Slaves – enslaved Africans • Indians – Native Americans
  • 3. Revolutions in America • Saint Domingue was the first Latin American territory to free itself from European rule. • Self-rule colonies wanted to rule themselves. • 500,000 enslaved Africans worked plantations • 1791 slave revolt led by Toussaint L’Ouveture – he was captured in 1802 • Jean Jacques Dessalines – took up the fight for freedom. 1804 named the island Haiti
  • 4. Creoles Lead Independence • Creoles were the least oppressed and the best educated of those born in Latin America. • Many Creoles were educated in Europe • In Europe they read about and adopted Enlightenment ideas • South American Independence • Simon Bolivar general from Venezuela • Jose de San Martin general from Argentina • Eventually they joined forces under Bolivar
  • 5. Mexico Ends Spanish Rule • 1810 Miguel Hidalgo priest urged the peasants to rebel Grito de Dolores • Jose Maria Morelos priest who was a good military strategists took the fight for independence from Hidalgo. Was defeated by Augustin de Iturbide • Iturbide proclaimed Mexico’s independence in 1821
  • 6. Brazil’s Royal Liberator • Brazil’s independence was different from the other South American nations in that it was not violent, no bloodshed. • King John IV fled Portugal when Napoleon invaded. He ruled from Brazil for 14 years. • After the defeat of Napoleon King John IV returned to Portugal. • Dom Pedro King John’s son stayed behind in Brazil. • Brazilians wanted to rule themselves and asked Dom Pedro to rule them. • In 1822 Dom Pedro declared and was granted Brazil’s independence.
  • 7. Brazil’s Royal Liberator • Brazil’s independence was different from the other South American nations in that it was not violent, no bloodshed. • King John IV fled Portugal when Napoleon invaded. He ruled from Brazil for 14 years. • After the defeat of Napoleon King John IV returned to Portugal. • Dom Pedro King John’s son stayed behind in Brazil. • Brazilians wanted to rule themselves and asked Dom Pedro to rule them. • In 1822 Dom Pedro declared and was granted Brazil’s independence.