Chapter 11 Section 1
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Jefferson wanted to limit federal power and advocate for states' rights and majority rule through a hands-off policy of laissez-faire. As president, he sought to cut taxes, simplify the government, and reduce spending, especially in the military. This led the government's revenue to come only from tariffs and land sales. Jefferson also chose not to renew the Alien and Sedition Acts. Additionally, Jefferson and the Republican party tried to impeach many Federalist judges that Adams had appointed, but failed to remove many of them. In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court established the power of judicial review to declare laws unconstitutional, increasing its power over the other branches.
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The document outlines four major conflicts that arose during the drafting of the US Constitution:
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4) Views on the strength of the federal government, resolved by establishing a federal system with divided powers and checks and balances.
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The United States is a constitutional republic comprised of 50 states and a federal district. A constitutional republic is a form of government where elected officials govern according to constitutional law that limits government power over citizens. Power is separated into branches and majority rule is tempered by protections for individual rights. As a republic, leaders are elected rather than inheriting power and are subject to judicial review.
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The Articles of Confederation, the first constitution of the United States, was adopted in 1781 but proved too weak as it gave states too much power. This led to economic troubles and Shays' Rebellion in Massachusetts in 1786, showing the need for a stronger central government. In response, delegates met in Philadelphia in 1787 and ended up drafting an entirely new constitution, which was then ratified in 1789, establishing the government of the United States.
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After the French and Indian War, tensions rose between the British government and the American colonies over territorial expansion, taxation, and representation. The Proclamation of 1763 barred colonial settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains, angering many colonists. The Stamp Act of 1765 levied new taxes on printed materials in the colonies and sparked protests over "no taxation without representation." Further conflicts ensued over the Townshend Acts and the Boston Massacre, increasing colonial calls for independence.
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The first 5 presidents thomas jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States and led the Democratic-Republican party. As a strict constructionist, Jefferson believed in a limited federal government and states' rights. However, as President he expanded presidential power through actions like the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the country, and funding the Lewis and Clark Expedition. While Jefferson took actions beyond his strict interpretation of the Constitution, they helped establish US territory and claims to the West.
The first 5 presidents thomas jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States and led the Democratic-Republican party. As a strict constructionist, Jefferson believed in a limited federal government and states' rights. However, as President he expanded presidential power through actions like the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the country, and funding the Lewis and Clark Expedition. While Jefferson took actions beyond his strict constructionist views, his presidency established important precedents for the office.
Training for self government (1907-1921)
A committee composed of two Filipino lawyers and three American military officers was created to help manage local affairs in the Philippines. The Americans established a civil service to make the national government more efficient. They gave positions to highly educated and pro-American Filipinos. Under Governor General Francis Burton Harrison, the government was placed increasingly in the hands of Filipino administrators to work toward independence, as promised by President Woodrow Wilson. The Jones Law of 1916 further laid out steps toward independence and provided for self-government under a new legislative body.
Chapter 10 Section 3
The early United States divided into two main political parties - the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. The Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, favored a strong federal government and loose interpretation of the Constitution. They drew support from wealthy northern cities. In contrast, the Democratic-Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, favored greater power for citizens and states through strict interpretation of the Constitution. They represented small farmers and artisans and had support in the South. The first presidential election in 1796 was contested by the two parties, with John Adams elected as President and Thomas Jefferson as Vice President from opposing parties.
CH_8_The Federalist Republic
- George Washington was unanimously elected as the first President of the United States and helped establish precedents for the office, including a two-term limit. His cabinet included both Federalists like Alexander Hamilton and Anti-Federalists like Thomas Jefferson.
- Hamilton implemented an ambitious economic plan that established the Bank of the United States and led to tensions between the Federalist and Anti-Federalist parties. The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated the new government's ability to enforce tax collection.
- The 1796 election saw John Adams defeat Thomas Jefferson, resulting in the first opposing-party presidency. Foreign relations issues with Britain and France exacerbated divisions between the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties.
Chapter 5 and 6: The United States Constitution
The document summarizes the key events surrounding the creation of the US Constitution, including weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, debates at the Constitutional Convention, compromises reached, and emergence of the Federalist and Republican parties. It describes how the Articles of Confederation established the first framework of government but lacked strong central power, leading to events like Shays' Rebellion and calls for a new governing system, resulting in the Constitution being drafted and adopted with a stronger federal government balanced by state powers.
US 2111 Jeffersonian america
The document summarizes the development of political parties and elections in the early United States. It discusses the emergence of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties in the 1790s, culminating in Thomas Jefferson's election in 1800 as the first President from the opposing party. This peaceful transfer of power established an important precedent. The era was dominated by international events related to the French Revolution and Napoleon. Jefferson expanded the country through the Louisiana Purchase. His presidency saw the Supreme Court assert its power of judicial review in Marbury v. Madison.
Jefferson Alters the Nation's Course
Brief presentation about Jefferson's administration highlighting the key domestic and foreign problems.
Goal 1 Jefferson's Presidency
Jefferson became president in 1801 after defeating John Adams, showing the peaceful transfer of power between political parties. As president, Jefferson reduced the size of government by paying off debts, cutting spending and taxes. However, he expanded the country through the Louisiana Purchase, doubling the size of the US. Tensions grew with Britain over attacks on American ships and impressment of sailors, leading to the ineffective Embargo Act of 1807. Jefferson left office having established Republican policies but also growing the power of the federal government, including establishing judicial review.
Student Powerpoint
George Washington was elected as the first President of the United States and worked to establish the new government. His cabinet included Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury and Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State, who had differing views on the role of the federal government. Conflicts in Europe and attacks on American shipping led to divisions within the new nation. Thomas Jefferson later expanded U.S. territory through the Louisiana Purchase but conflicts with Britain and Native American tribes led to the War of 1812.
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WH Chapter 9 Section 1 Notes
Feudal monarchs in Europe had limited power due to their reliance on vassals for military support, while nobles and the Church often had as much or more authority. In England, William the Conqueror strengthened royal power after his victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, when he became the first Norman king. His successor, William II, had a census conducted in 1086 known as the Domesday Book, which helped him and later English rulers establish efficient tax collection. Under King Henry II in the 12th century, England developed a common law system and early jury trials. In France, the Capetian dynasty established strong centralized royal authority over three centuries starting with Hugh Capet in 987.
Chapter 8 Section 4 Notes
Europe's population doubled between 1000-1300 AD due to increased agricultural productivity. The development of tools like the iron plow, new crop rotation techniques, and windmills boosted food production. Towns grew as trade increased along routes bringing goods from Asia and the Middle East. Merchants were granted charters establishing towns as centers of trade with self-governance. A middle class emerged in towns as money replaced labor dues and guilds organized artisans.
Chapter 8 Section 3 Notes
During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church worked to spread Christianity across Europe. Pope Gregory sent Augustine to convert the Anglo-Saxons in England in 597. Local parish priests administered sacraments, preached, and offered guidance to villagers. Monasteries and convents provided services like hospitals, schools, and copying ancient texts to preserve knowledge. The Church gained political power and influence over daily life through tithing, holidays, and canon law. Reformers like Francis of Assisi sought to return to a life of poverty and service to the poor.
WH Chapter 8 Section 2 Notes
In the face of invasions, kings were too weak to maintain order, leading to the rise of feudalism. Under feudalism, powerful lords divided their lands among lesser lords in exchange for loyalty and military service. Society was strictly organized with monarchs, lords, vassals, and peasants each having distinct roles. Peasants lived and worked on manors, performing labor in exchange for protection. Though their lives were difficult, peasants found community and celebration during religious festivals.
Chapter 7 Peoples of North America
The document summarizes the peoples and early cultures of North America. It describes the Hohokam people who built extensive irrigation systems to farm in the desert southwest between 1000-1500 AD. It also discusses the Anasazi who lived in the Four Corners region from 900-1300 AD and built large villages called pueblos. The Anasazi began constructing cliff dwellings for protection in the late 1100s, but a long drought in the late 1200s forced them to abandon their land. In other areas, the Mound Builders and Mississippian people constructed huge earthen mounds beginning around 700 BC. The document then outlines the diverse cultures that emerged across 10 regions of North America based on local
WH Chapter 7 Incas
The Incas built a vast empire in western South America dominated from their capital of Cuzco. Under the Sapa Inca, who was considered divine, the Incas developed efficient government and communication networks, including an extensive road system and use of runners to relay messages. They also excelled at engineering, constructing buildings from enormous stone blocks without the use of mortar. The Incas had a highly organized society and economy focused on agriculture, and they respected religion and nature. However, civil war between the sons of the emperor Huayna Capac weakened the empire just before the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro began his conquest in 1532, bringing the Incan civilization to an end.
WH Chapter 7 Aztecs
The document provides an overview of Aztec history and culture. It describes how the Aztecs migrated to the Valley of Mexico in the late 1200s and founded the city of Tenochtitlan on an island in Lake Texcoco. Through conquest and alliance, they built a large empire across much of Mexico by 1500. When the Spanish arrived led by Hernan Cortes in 1519, they found Tenochtitlan to be a magnificent city with wide avenues, temples, and floating gardens. However, Cortes eventually defeated the Aztecs and destroyed Tenochtitlan, rebuilding it as Mexico City.
WH Chapter 7 Olmecs and Mayas
The earliest American civilization was the Olmec civilization, which emerged around 1400 BC along the Gulf Coast of Mexico. They built ceremonial centers rather than cities and are known for their colossal stone heads. The Olmecs invented the first calendar and form of writing in Mesoamerica. Between 300-900 AD, the Maya flourished in southern Mexico and Central America, building great cities like Tikal with towering pyramid temples and palaces. They developed advanced agricultural techniques, hieroglyphic writing, mathematics, and an accurate solar calendar. Around 900 AD, the Maya mysteriously abandoned their cities, though remnants of their civilization remain today.
WH Chapter 7 Intro
The document provides an overview of the geography of the Americas. It describes how small groups of hunters and gatherers migrated to North America from Asia over a land bridge between Siberia and Alaska during the last Ice Age. As the climate warmed, the land bridge was submerged and the nomadic peoples adapted by hunting smaller game and gathering along the coasts as they migrated further east and west. The three main regions - North America, Middle America, and South America - are described along with their major mountain chains, rivers, deserts, and the agricultural revolution that occurred as peoples began cultivating crops and domesticating animals.
Section 5 notes
Roman historian Marcellinus witnessed declining values and moral decay in Roman society. The end of Roman greatness did not occur overnight, as decay had set in centuries before the final fall. A complex combination of problems over many years, including military, political, economic and social issues, ultimately led to the decline and fall of the western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
WH Chapter 6 Section 4 Notes
Christianity originated in the Roman Empire and gradually became the dominant religion. It began spreading rapidly in the 1st century AD and was eventually adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in 395 AD. As the Roman Empire fell, the Christian church took on many of its roles and became the central institution of Western civilization for the next 1,000 years.
WH Chapter 6 Section 3 Notes
The document summarizes key aspects of Greco-Roman civilization, including how the Romans adapted Greek achievements in art, literature, philosophy and architecture to develop their own styles. It also discusses major Roman figures like Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid to link Rome's origins to Homer's works, and Roman innovations in engineering, law, and other fields that formed the foundations of Western civilization.
WH Chapter 6 Section 2 Notes
Rome's conquest of Italy brought it into conflict with Carthage, leading to the Punic Wars between 264-146 BC. Rome defeated Carthage in the Third Punic War, destroying the city and selling survivors into slavery. Rome then expanded across the Mediterranean, establishing control over the Greek empires and becoming masters of the western world by 133 BC. However, internal problems grew as wealthy landowners displaced small farmers and inequality increased, sparking reform efforts and civil wars. Order was restored under Augustus, the first emperor, who established a stable government and 200 years of Pax Romana.
WH Chapter 6 Section 1 Notes
This document provides an overview of early Roman history and society. It discusses how Rome began as a small city-state and was able to expand its territory through its strategic location in central Italy, skilled diplomacy, and formidable military. Key Roman values like courage, loyalty and civic duty helped the republic establish a system of checks on power and incorporate the plebeian class. Eventually Rome came to rule the entire Mediterranean world.
Chapter 5 Greek gods and goddesses
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Chapter 5 Greek mythological creatures
This document lists several mythological creatures including the Minotaur, Cerberus, Polyphemus, Chimera, Siren, Hydra, Sphinx, and Gorgon.
WH Chapter 5 Section 5 Notes
King Philip of Macedonia conquered Greece but was then assassinated. His son Alexander took the throne at age 20 and sought to conquer Persia, defeating them in numerous battles. Alexander pushed eastward until his troops grew tired and refused to continue. Though his empire broke apart after his death, Alexander spread Greek culture and encouraged blending with local customs. His conquests helped usher in the Hellenistic period marked by advances in science, philosophy, and culture.
WH Chapter 5 Section 4 Notes
Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle used reason and observation to study topics like ethics, politics, and science. They believed rational thought could reveal universal truths. Socrates used questioning to help people seek knowledge. Plato founded the Academy to teach his ideals of perfect forms. Aristotle analyzed different forms of government and taught about living virtuously. Their works formed the basis of later European universities. Greek achievements in arts, architecture, drama, and history also emphasized balance, naturalism, and critical inquiry.
WH Chapter 5 Section 3 Notes
The Persian Wars began when Darius I of Persia sent forces to attack Athens in retaliation for its support of rebelling Greek cities. This led to the famous battles of Marathon and Thermopylae, where outnumbered Greeks held off the Persians. After the Persians were defeated at Salamis and Plataea, Athens emerged as the dominant city-state in Greece and organized the Delian League. However, this dominance led to conflict with Sparta and the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC, which devastated Greece and ended with Sparta capturing Athens in 404 BC.
WH Chapter 5 Section 2 Notes
The document provides an overview of Greek geography and the development of their city-states. It notes that Greece is located on the Balkan peninsula, divided by mountains into isolated valleys with many islands offshore. Each city-state consisted of a central city surrounded by countryside. Though isolated, the Greeks became skilled sailors and traders. They established autonomous city-states rather than a large empire, with Athens and Sparta evolving different forms of government and society. Athletic contests at Olympia helped unify the Greek world through shared culture and religion.
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skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
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Chapter 11 Section 1
- 1. Section 1 Notes Chapter 11
- 2. The Jeffersonian “Revolution”; Simplifying Government JEFFERSON wanted to limit the power of the federal government. He believed in STATES’RIGHTS and rule by the MAJORITY. As President, JEFFERSON advocated a hands-off policy called LAISSEZ- FAIRE, a French term meaning “LET PEOPLE DO AS THEY CHOOSE.” JEFFERSON also sought to cut the federal budget and lower TAXES. He simplified government and cut MILITARY spending. He also repealed all EXCISE TAXES. As a result, the federal government’s only source of revenue was from TARIFFS on imports and revenue from the sale of WESTERN lands. JEFFERSON also chose not to renew the ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS which expired in 1801.
- 3. Conflict with the Judicial Branch Before JEFFERSON and his party, now known as the REPUBLICANS, took over the federal government, outgoing President JOHN ADAMS packed the courts with judges who were members of the FEDERALIST PARTY. The REPUBLICANS opposed this move. Once in office, they tried to IMPEACH many of the FEDERALIST judges. However, they failed to remove many judges.
- 4. A Stronger Supreme Court In case of MARBURY V. MADISON, the Supreme Court claimed that it could declare a law passed by Congress to be UNCONSTITUTIONAL. This power is called JUDICIAL REVIEW. From then on, the Supreme Court could use the power of JUDICIAL REVIEW as a check against the other branches of government. This gave the Supreme Court more power than it had ever had.