The document summarizes key aspects of Greco-Roman civilization, including how the Romans adapted Greek achievements in art, literature, philosophy and architecture to develop their own styles. It also discusses major Roman figures like Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid to link Rome's origins to Homer's works, and Roman innovations in engineering, law, and other fields that formed the foundations of Western civilization.
Art and Culture - Module 05 - Hellenism and RomeRandy Connolly
Fifth module for GNED 1201 (Aesthetic Experience and Ideas). This one covers the art and culture of first the Hellenistic world, then that of Republican and Imperial Rome. Presentation focuses on the Second Century Crisis and cultural and aesthetic responses to it.
This course is a required general education course for all first-year students at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Canada. My version of the course is structured as a kind of Art History and Culture course. Some of the content overlaps with my other Gen Ed course.
Ancient RomeBeginning in the eighth century B.C., Anciencheryllwashburn
Ancient Rome
Beginning in the eighth century B.C., Ancient Rome grew from a small town on central Italy’s Tiber River into an empire that at its peak encompassed most of continental Europe, Britain, much of western Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands.
Among the many legacies of Roman dominance are the widespread use of the Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian) derived from Latin, the modern Western alphabet and calendar and the emergence of Christianity as a major world religion.
They then instead had a council known as the 'senate' which ruled over them. From this point on one speaks of the 'Roman Republic'.
Early Rome was governed by kings, but after only seven of them had ruled, the Romans took power over their own city and ruled themselves
The word 'Republic' itself comes from the Latin (the language of the Romans) words 'res publica' which mean 'public matters' or 'matters of state'.
The senate under the kings had only been there to advise the king. Now the senate appointed a consul, who ruled Rome like a king, but only for one year. - This was a wise idea, as like that, the consul ruled carefully and not as a tyrant, for he knew that otherwise he could be punished by the next consul, once his year was up.
Rome knew four classes of people. This division was very important to the Romans.
The lowest class were the slaves. They were owned by other people. They had no rights at all. The next class were the plebeians. They were free people. But they had little say at all.
The second highest class were the equestrians (sometimes they are called the 'knights'). Their name means the 'riders', as they were given a horse to ride if they were called to fight for Rome. To be an equestrian you had to be rich.
The highest class were the nobles of Rome. They were called 'patricians'. All the real power in Rome lay with them.
The greatest challenge the Roman Republic faced was that of the Carthaginians. Carthage was a very powerful city in North Africa which, much like Rome, controlled its own empire. The fight between the two sides was a long one and took place on land and on sea.
The most famous incident came when the great Carthaginian general Hannibal crossed the mountain chain of the Alps to the north of Italy with all his troops, including his war-elephants, and invaded Italy. Though Rome in the end won and Carthage was completely destroyed in the year 146 BC.
Rome's most famous citizen was no doubt Julius Caesar. He was a Roman politician and general who, without having any orders to do so, conquered the vast territory of the Gauls to the north of his province in France.
In the year 49 BC Caesar crossed the small river between his province and Italy, called the river Rubicon, and conquered Rome itself which he then ruled as a dictator.
His military campaigns also took him to Egypt where he met the famous Cleopatra.
His life though was ended as he was inf ...
Classical Rome: Rise, Fluorescence, and FallPaulVMcDowell
Describe the rise of the Roman republic and empire, its culture from law and government to architecture, arts, and engineering, and its long-term decline.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2.
The Romans regarded Greek
art, literature, philosophy, and scientific
genius as the height of cultural achievement
The Romans adapted Greek and Hellenistic
achievements
The blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and
Roman traditions produced what is known as
Greco-Roman civilization
Trade and travel during the Pax Romana
helped spread this vital new civilization
3.
In the field of literature, the Romans owed a
great debt to the Greeks
Many Romans spoke Greek and imitated
Greek styles in prose and poetry
However, the greatest Roman writers used
Latin to create their own literature
4.
In his epic poem the Aeneid, Virgil tried to
show that Rome’s past was as heroic as that
of Greece
He linked his epic to Homer’s work by telling
how Aeneas escaped from Troy to found
Rome
Virgil wrote the Aeneid soon after Augustus
came to power in hopes that it would arouse
patriotism and help unite Rome after years of
civil wars
5.
6.
Other poets used verse to satirize Roman
society
Satirize---to make fun of
The poet Martial wrote poems so harsh that
he had to use fictitious names to protect
himself from retribution
7.
Roman historians pursued their own theme—
the rise and fall of Roman power
The historian Livy sought to rouse patriotic
feeling and restore traditional Roman virtues
by recalling images of Rome’s historic past—
he recounted tales of great heroes such as
Horatius and Cincinnatus
The historian Tacitus wrote bitterly about
Augustus and his successors because he felt
they had destroyed Roman liberty
8.
9.
10.
Romans borrowed much of their philosophy
from the Greeks
The Hellenistic philosophy of Stoicism
impressed Roman thinkers
Stoics stressed the importance of duty and
acceptance of one’s fate
They also showed concern for the well-being
of all people, an idea that would be reflected
in Christian teachings
11.
To a large degree, Roman art and architecture
were based on Greek and Etruscan models
However, as with their literature, the Romans
made adaptations to develop their own style
12.
Like the Greeks before them, Roman
sculptors stressed realism, portraying their
subjects with every wart and vein in place
The Romans also broke new ground, by
revealing an individual’s character
A statue of a soldier, a writer, or an emperor
might capture an expression of smugness,
discontent, or haughty pride
13.
Some Roman sculpture was more idealistic
For example, sculptors transformed
Augustus, who was neither handsome nor
imposing, into a symbol of power and leadership
Romans beautified their homes with works of art
Examples of these works were preserved in
Pompeii, a city buried by the volcanic eruption of
Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
Artists depicted scenes from Roman literature
and daily life into splendid frescoes and mosaics
Mosaic---picture made from chips of colored
stone or glass
14.
Please turn to page 139 in our book to learn
more about Mount Vesuvius and Pompeii
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
While the Greeks aimed for simple elegance in
architecture, the Romans emphasized grandeur
Immense palaces, temples, and stadiums stood
as mighty monuments to Roman power and
dignity
The Romans improved on devices such as the
column and the arch
Using concrete as a building material, they
developed the rounded dome to roof large
spaces
The most famous domed structure is the
Pantheon, a temple to all the Roman gods, which
still stands in Rome
25.
26.
The Romans excelled in engineering---Roman
engineers built roads, bridges, and harbors
throughout the empire
Romans roads were so solidly built that many of
them were still used long after the fall of the
empire
Roman engineers also built aqueducts to bring
water from the hills into Roman cities
The wealthy had water piped in, and almost every
city boasted public baths were people gathered
to wash themselves and hear the latest news and
gossip
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
The Romans generally left scientific research
to the Greeks
In Alexandria, Egypt, Hellenistic scientists
exchanged ideas freely
It was there that astronomer-mathematician
Ptolemy proposed his theory that the Earth
was the center of the universe, a mistaken
idea that was accepted in the western world
for nearly 1,500 years
32.
33.
Although the Romans did little original
research, they did put science to practical use
The applied geography to make maps and
medical knowledge to help doctors improve
public health
Pliny the Elder, a Roman scientist, compiled
volumes on geography, zoology, botany, and
other topics---all based on other people’s
works
34.
35.
Probably the greatest legacy of Rome was its
commitment to the rule of law and to justice
During the Roman empire, the rule of law
fostered unity and stability
Many centuries later, the principles of Roman
law would become the basis for legal systems
in Europe and Latin America
36.
During the republic, Rome developed a system of
law, known as the civil law, that applied to its
citizens
As Rome expanded, it ruled many foreigners who
were not covered under the civil law
Gradually, a second system of law, known as the
law of nations, emerged
It applied to all people under Roman rule,
citizens and noncitizens
Later, when Rome extended citizenship across
the empire, civil law and the law of nations were
merged together
37.
As Roman law developed, certain basic principles
evolved
Many of these principles are familiar to
Americans today
Examples---an accused person is presumed
innocent until proven guilty, an accused person is
allowed to face his/her accuser, an accused
person can offer a defense against a charge, guilt
must be established “clearer than daylight”
through evidence, and judges are allowed to
interpret the laws and make fair decisions