The election of 1800 resulted in Thomas Jefferson's victory over John Adams, marking a significant political shift. Jefferson implemented key changes during his presidency, including reducing the size of government and military, and favoring free trade, which contributed to the decline of Federalist power. Landmark cases like Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review, while the Louisiana Purchase doubled U.S. territory and expanded federal power.

2. Election of 1800
Describe the Election of 1800…
 Who won?
 How was it decided?
 What were the keys to Jefferson’s victory and
Adams’ defeat?

3. Midnight Judges
 literally
 fulfilling the Judiciary Act of 1801, Adams appointed
dozens of Federalists as judges to fill newly created
positions, and John Marshall as Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court
 Adams left these appointments to be delivered by
Jefferson when he took office the next
 Jefferson refused to deliver the appointments to fill
these positions with Democratic-Republicans (DR)

4. Key Trends in Jefferson’s Administration
1) How did Jefferson simplify the federal
government?
 informal style
 walking to his inauguration
 not wearing a wig
 casual clothing
 reduced the size of government and military
 cut costs
 eliminated internal taxes
 reduced the influence of the national bank (BUS)
 favored free-trade over government controlled trade

5. Key Trends in Jefferson’s Administration
2) How did Jefferson’s presidency help bring about
Southern dominance in federal politics?
 the first President to be inaugurated in
Washington, DC (a southern city)
 as a moderate, Jefferson won the support of many
people at the expense of the Federalists (who were
dominant in the north)
 moderate: someone whose opinion is more toward the
middle than to one extreme or the other
 national expansion favored D-R because the D-R
represented farmers’ interests

6. Key Trends in Jefferson’s Administration
3) How did the Federalists lose power during the
Jefferson administration?
 impact of Jefferson as a moderate (see previous slide)
 impact of national expansion on the Federalists (see
previous slide)
 Hamilton, an important Federalist was killed in a duel
with Aaron Burr

7. Marbury v. Madison
Describe the case of Marbury v. Madison

8. Marbury v. Madison
4) What was the long-term importance of the
Supreme Court’s decision in Marbury v. Madison?
 affirmed the principle
of Judicial Review
 the ability of the
Supreme Court to
declare an act of
Congress
unconstitutional
Read pages 206-207 to get a better understanding
of the importance of this case!

9. Louisiana Purchase
5) How did the Louisiana Purchase affect the
United States and its government?
 doubled the size of US
territory
 expanded the power of
the presidency and the
central government
(contrary to Jefferson’s
political ideas)
6) Who led the exploration of  Meriwether Lewis and
William Clark
the Louisiana Territory?