Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle used reason and observation to study topics like ethics, politics, and science. They believed rational thought could reveal universal truths. Socrates used questioning to help people seek knowledge. Plato founded the Academy to teach his ideals of perfect forms. Aristotle analyzed different forms of government and taught about living virtuously. Their works formed the basis of later European universities. Greek achievements in arts, architecture, drama, and history also emphasized balance, naturalism, and critical inquiry.