Christianity originated in the Roman Empire and gradually became the dominant religion. It began spreading rapidly in the 1st century AD and was eventually adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in 395 AD. As the Roman Empire fell, the Christian church took on many of its roles and became the central institution of Western civilization for the next 1,000 years.
Brief History of Christianity: Division of the ChurchHansol Lee
My perspective on the brief history of the Christian Church and its division on the "why" and "how".
Note: when reading, it is recommended you do not use fullscreen as that will hide the notes I have written for it
By Hansol Lee
Suitable for JC RE course. Full powerpoint for use with Chapter on World Religions: Christianity. Best used as a revision aid for 3rd years, as goes into more detail than needed for younger years.
I have made this pp form my class of history of the religion and the presentation was good so i decided to upload it it speaks about Catholicism Protestantism Anglicanism Orthodoxy Pentecostalism
Brief History of Christianity: Division of the ChurchHansol Lee
My perspective on the brief history of the Christian Church and its division on the "why" and "how".
Note: when reading, it is recommended you do not use fullscreen as that will hide the notes I have written for it
By Hansol Lee
Suitable for JC RE course. Full powerpoint for use with Chapter on World Religions: Christianity. Best used as a revision aid for 3rd years, as goes into more detail than needed for younger years.
I have made this pp form my class of history of the religion and the presentation was good so i decided to upload it it speaks about Catholicism Protestantism Anglicanism Orthodoxy Pentecostalism
History of Christianity (elementary-middle school). Nicene Creed. Constantinople vs. Rome. Roman Catholic vs. Eastern Orthodox. Spread of Christianity.
CHRISTIANITYThe soil in which Christianity came to flower was .docxchristinemaritza
CHRISTIANITY
The soil in which Christianity came to flower was an amalgam of many local traditions. The Greco-Roman world was polytheistic, dominated by strongly secular values. Throughout the East Roman Empire, more mystical forms of worship—the mystery cults—honored a variety of gods and goddesses associated with fertility and regeneration. Finally, in the birthplace of Jesus himself, the Hebrews practiced an exclusive form of ethical monotheism. The faith that would come to be called Christianity had roots in these three major traditions: Greco-Roman, Near Eastern, and Jewish.
The Greco-Roman Background
Roman religion, like Roman culture itself, was a blend of native and borrowed traditions. Ancient pagan religious rituals marked seasonal change and celebrated seedtime and harvest. Augury, the interpretation of omens (a practice borrowed from the Etruscans), was important to Roman religious life as a means of predicting future events. As with the Greeks, Rome’s favorite deities were looked upon as protectors of the household, the marketplace, and the state. The Romans welcomed the gods of non-Roman peoples and honored them along with the greater and lesser Roman gods. This tolerance contributed to the lack of religious uniformity in the Empire, as well as to wide speculation concerning the possibility of life after death. Roman poets pictured a shadowy underworld in which the souls of the dead survived (similar to the Greek Hades and the Hebrew Sheol), but Roman religion promised neither retribution in the afterlife nor the reward of eternal life.
Mystery Cults
Throughout much of the Near East, agricultural societies celebrated seasonal change by way of symbolic performances of the birth, death, and rebirth of the gods. The cults of Isis in Egypt, Cybele in Phrygia, Dionysus in Greece, and Mithra in Persia are known collectively as “mystery cults,” because their initiation rituals were secret (mysterios). These cults embraced symbolic acts of spiritual death and rebirth, such as ritual baptism and a communal meal at which the flesh and blood of the god was consumed. Mithraism, the most widespread of the mystery cults, looked back to ancient Persia’s Zoroastrian belief in the rival forces of Light and Dark (Good and Evil) (see page 15). Devotees of Mithra, the god of light, anticipated spiritual deliverance and everlasting life. Mithraism required strict initiation rites, periods of fasting, ritual baptism, and a communal meal of bread and wine. Mithra’s followers celebrated his birth on December 25th, that is, at the winter solstice that marked the sun’s annual “rebirth.” The cult of Mithraism excluded women but was enormously popular among Roman soldiers, who identified with Mithra’s heroic prowess and self-discipline.
Judea Before Jesus
The young Jewish preacher and healer known as Joshua (Greek, Jesus ) was born in the city of Bethlehem during the reign of the Roman emperor Augustus. The territory in which he lived had become the Ro ...
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2.
Early in the Pax Romana, a new religion,
Christianity, sprang up in a distant corner of the
Roman empire
The new faith grew rapidly and by 395 A.D. it had
been declared the official religion of the Roman
empire
As it gained strength and spread throughout the
empire, Christianity reshaped Roman beliefs
And when the Roman empire fell, the Christian
church took over much of its role, becoming the
central institution of western civilization for
almost 1,000 years
3.
Within the culturally diverse Roman empire, a variety
of religious beliefs and practices coexisted
Jupiter, Mars, Juno, and other traditional Roman gods
remained important to some people
Some people turned to mystery religions that
emphasized secret rituals and promised special
rewards
One of these was the cult of Isis, which originated in
Egypt and offered women equal status with men
Others worshipped the Persian god Mithras, who
championed good over evil and offered life after
death (Mithraism was favored by Roman soldiers)
4.
Generally, Rome tolerated the varied religious
traditions throughout their empire
As long as citizens showed loyalty by
honoring Roman gods and acknowledging the
divine spirit of the emperor, they were
allowed to worship other gods as they
pleased
Because most people at the time were
polytheistic, they had no problem
worshipping Roman gods along with their
own
5.
By 63 B.C., the Romans had conquered Judea,
where most Jews of the time lived
To avoid violating the Jewish monotheistic
religion, the Romans excused Jews from
worshipping Roman gods
There was a growing divide among the
religious beliefs of the Jews themselves
Some were growing concerned about the
weakening of their religion, and called for
strict obedience to Jewish laws and customs
6.
Jewish zealots called on Jews to revolt against Rome and
reestablish an independent state
Some Jews believed that a messiah, or anointed king sent
by God, would soon appear to lead the Jewish people to
freedom
In 66 A.D., Roman forces crushed a Jewish rebellion,
captured Jerusalem, and destroyed the Jewish temple
There was then another rebellion with thousands of Jews
being killed and others enslaved
This lead a large number of Jews to leave Judea
Jews survived in scattered communities around the
Mediterranean
Over the centuries, Jewish rabbis (scholars) preserved the
religious law set forth in the Talmud and this commitment
to learning Jewish law and traditions enabled the Jews to
survive over the centuries
7.
A new religion, Christianity, was founded by a
Jew named Jesus
Almost all that is known about the life of Jesus
comes from the Gospels, the first four books of
the New Testament
Jesus was born in Bethlehem and was supposedly
a descendant of King David
Jesus grew up in Nazareth and worked as a
carpenter
At 30 years of age, he began preaching and got
the support of his Apostles (the twelve closest
followers of Jesus)
8.
Jesus emphasized God’s love and taught the
need for justice, morality, and service to
others
Jesus was eventually arrested and sentenced
to die by crucifixion---a person is nailed to
or hung on a cross and left to die
9.
Following the death of Jesus, the apostles and
other disciples spread the message of Jesus
and helped establish Christian communities
For a time, Christianity remained a sect with
Judaism
The apostle Peter spread Christianity in the
city of Rome
The apostle Paul played the most influential
role in the spread of Christianity
10.
Paul had never actually seen Jesus—he
actually persecuted some of the followers of
Jesus
One day Paul had a vision in which Jesus
spoke to him and it was at this point that he
converted to Christianity and decided to
spread the new religion to gentiles (non-Jews)
Paul’s missionary work set Christianity on the
road to becoming a world religion
He traveled around the Mediterranean and set
up churches from Mesopotamia to Rome
11.
Rome’s tolerant attitude toward religion did
not extend to Christianity
Roman officials suspected Christians of
disloyalty to Rome because they refused to
make sacrifices to the emperor or to honor
the Roman gods
Christians had to meet in secret in order to
avoid persecution
12.
Roman rulers like Nero used Christians as
scapegoats, blaming them for social or
economic ills
Over the centuries, thousands of Christians
became martyrs---people who suffer or die
for their beliefs
Supposedly, both Peter and Paul were killed in
Rome during Nero’s reign
13.
Christianity continued to spread despite the
attacks on it
Reasons:
Jesus welcomed all people including the
humble, the poor, and the oppressed
Equality, human dignity, and the promise of a
better life beyond the grave were attractive
teachings
14.
Christian missionaries like Paul added ideas from
Plato, the Stoics, and other Greek thinkers to
Jesus’ message
Educated Romans were attracted to a religion
that incorporated the discipline and moderation
of Greek philosophy
The work of missionaries such as Paul was made
easier by the unity of the Roman empire
Early Christian documents were usually written in
Greek or Latin, languages that many people in
the empire understood
15.
Persecution brought new converts
Observing the willingness of Christians to die
for their religion, people were impressed by
the strength of Christians’ beliefs
Persecutions finally ended in 313 AD when
emperor Constantine issued the Edict of
Milan which granted freedom of worship to all
citizens of the Roman empire
About 80 years later, the emperor Theodosius
made Christianity the official religion of the
Roman empire
16.
A person fully joined the Christian community
by renouncing evil through the rite of
baptism
Members of the community were considered
equals and addressed each other as “brother”
and “sister”
Each Sunday, Christians gathered for a
ceremony of thanksgiving to God
17.
Women often lead the way to Christianity
They served as teachers and administrators
Even when they were later barred from any
official role in the Church, they still worked to
win converts across the Roman world
18.
Each Christian community had its own priest
Only men were allowed to become members
of the Christian clergy
Priests were under the authority of a bishop,
a Church official who was responsible for all
Christians in an area called a diocese
The bishops of Rome, Antioch, Alexandria,
Jerusalem, and Constantinople gained the
honorary title of patriarch
19.
As the rituals and structure of the Church
became more refined, divisions began to
arise
A major divisive force was rivalry among the
patriarchs
In the Latin-speaking west, bishops of Rome,
who came to be called popes, began to claim
greater authority over all other bishops
In the Greek-speaking east, the patriarchs
felt that the five patriarchs should share
spiritual authority as equals
20.
Another source of disunity was the
emergence of heresies---beliefs said to be
contrary to official Church teachings
To end disputes over questions of
faith, councils of Church leaders met to
decide official Christian teachings
The Church also sent out missionaries both
within the Roman empire and beyond to
convert people to Christianity
21.
Theology---word borrowed from Greek
philosophy and literally means “talk or discourse
about God”
Two important scholars---Clement and Origen
Augustine---combined Greco-Roman
learning, especially the philosophy of Plato, with
Christian doctrine
The City of God---Augustine said the City of God
was the community of those who loved God and
would one day live with him in heaven. Those
whose minds and hearts were set only on worldly
things lived outside the City of God
22.
While the Christian church was growing in
strength and influence, Roman power was
fading
When the western Roman empire finally
collapsed, the Church inherited many of its
functions
The Church preserved and spread not only
Christian teachings but also the achievements
of Greco-Roman civilization
The Christian church would eventually split
into eastern and western halves