Chapter 11 Biotechnology
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1. Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating genes for practical purposes. It involves cutting DNA at specific sites, combining the cut DNA with vectors like plasmids, and making multiple copies via cloning to produce recombinant DNA. 2. The recombinant DNA is then inserted into organisms via techniques like transfection to produce transgenic organisms that express the desired gene and its protein products. 3. Applications of genetic engineering include producing genetically engineered vaccines, gene therapy, cloning, and stem cell research.
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General-Biology-2___Recombinant-DNA.pptx
Lourdes conducted research that led to the characterization of over 50 peptides from fish-hunting snail venom and the use of conotoxins to study the human brain. Her discoveries impacted neuroscience as conotoxins continue to be used to examine brain activity.
Ramirez focused on studying the genetics of native plants like coconuts and rice in the Philippines. Her research empowered agricultural scientists and farmers by advancing plant breeding and genetics. She pioneered genetics instruction and was called the "Mother of Cell."
Recombinant DNA technology has revolutionized cell study. Advances in manipulating DNA allowed combining techniques such that researchers can now isolate specific genes to precisely study their structures and functions.
Current Trends in Molecular Biology and BioTechnology (ppt)
This document discusses current trends in molecular biology and biotechnology. It begins by defining biotechnology and explaining its importance in addressing challenges around feeding and clothing the growing global population. It then describes molecular biology as the study of biological processes at the molecular level, including DNA, RNA, protein synthesis and gene regulation. Some applications of molecular biology discussed include research, diagnosis, forensics, gene therapy and drug design. Key cellular components like DNA, RNA and proteins are also explained. Important techniques in molecular biology like PCR, DNA/RNA blotting, gene expression and cloning, microarrays, and RNA interference are summarized. The uses of embryonic and adult stem cells in research and therapy are also covered briefly.
Gene cloning prof.a.k.saha
Genetic engineering involves manipulating genetic material and inserting it into cells so that it is passed on to progeny cells. Gene cloning involves inserting a fragment of DNA carrying a gene into a cloning vector, which is then propagated into many copies of recombinant DNA. Plasmids are commonly used as vectors because they are small, contain restriction sites for inserting DNA, and have markers like antibiotic resistance. While cloning technologies offer potential benefits, reproductive cloning has low efficiency rates and cloned animals often have health problems. Therapeutic cloning aims to generate stem cells for research and treatment without creating human clones.
Knock out mice
Knockout mice are laboratory mice that have had a gene inactivated through gene targeting or gene trapping techniques. This is done by manipulating embryonic stem cells to incorporate artificial DNA that disrupts the target gene. Mice generated from these stem cells lack the gene and its protein product. Studying knockout mice helps reveal the normal function of the disrupted gene and can provide insights into human health conditions. Several techniques are used to generate knockout mice, including homologous recombination, microinjection, and retroviral vectors. Knockout mice are a valuable model for studying diseases and evaluating potential therapies.
4.6 Biotechnology And Genetic Engineering
This document outlines key concepts and objectives related to genetics, genetic engineering, and biotechnology. It discusses techniques like PCR, gel electrophoresis, and DNA profiling. It also describes gene transfer methods using plasmids, restriction enzymes, and DNA ligase. Examples of genetic modification in animals and plants are provided. The document discusses cloning techniques, creating recombinant DNA, and potential benefits and ethical issues related to genetic engineering.
Cloning dna f inal
This document provides an overview of DNA cloning including:
1. The basic steps in DNA cloning including isolation of vector and gene source DNA, insertion into the vector, and introduction into cells.
2. Uses of polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzymes in cloning.
3. Applications of cloning such as recombinant protein production, genetically modified organisms, DNA fingerprinting, and gene therapy.
Biology - Chp 13 - Genetic Engineering - PowerPoint
The document provides information on genetic engineering techniques including selective breeding, hybridization, inbreeding, inducing mutations, polyploidy, DNA extraction, restriction enzymes, recombinant DNA, polymerase chain reaction, cell transformation, transgenic organisms, cloning, and applications of genetic engineering such as glowing plants and animals, disease resistance, and producing human proteins.
Macromolecule human awareness
1. DNA can be extracted from cells by breaking open the nucleus and cell membranes to release the DNA, then using alcohol to precipitate the DNA out of solution for purification.
2. Genetic engineering involves isolating genes from DNA and transferring them between organisms or modifying genes within an organism. It is used to produce proteins like insulin, improve crop traits like pest resistance, and enhance animal traits such as wool or milk production.
3. Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, leaving "sticky ends" that can be joined with other DNA fragments during genetic manipulation and engineering of organisms.
Genetic technology presentation
This document provides an overview of genetic technology techniques including selective breeding, hybridization, DNA extraction, restriction enzymes, gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction, genetic engineering, and transformation. It discusses applications like genetically modified animals and plants. Transgenic organisms created through recombinant DNA techniques are described. The document also touches on genome sequencing, biotechnology, cloning, and some products enabled by genetic technology.
Gene Technologies
Techniques to study genes include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify DNA fragments, using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sequences, electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments by size, and DNA probes to find specific sequences. Genetic engineering techniques allow genes to be inserted into bacteria using vectors like plasmids. This allows production of proteins like human insulin. Golden rice has been genetically engineered to produce beta-carotene to reduce vitamin A deficiency in some countries. However, it has also raised ethical concerns about reducing biodiversity.
Gene therapy ex vivo method
This document discusses ex vivo gene therapy methods. It involves 3 main steps:
1) Isolation of cells from a patient with a genetic defect
2) Culturing and genetically modifying the cells to correct the defect
3) Transplanting the modified cells back into the patient. As the patient's own cells are used, there is no risk of immune rejection. Viral and non-viral vectors are used to deliver therapeutic genes to the cultured cells. Ex vivo gene therapy is applicable to tissues that can be removed, modified and reintroduced into the body.
Transgenic animals
Biotechnology can be used to engineer organisms for useful purposes. Key applications discussed in the document include animal cloning, gene cloning for pharmaceutical production, embryonic stem cells, DNA fingerprinting, and genetically modified foods. Cloning animals can help answer biological questions but raises ethical issues. Gene cloning is used to produce human insulin in bacteria and other pharmaceuticals. Embryonic stem cells show promise for therapies but their use is also ethically debated. DNA fingerprinting is a powerful forensic tool that has been used in criminal cases. Genetically modified crops are widespread but their environmental effects remain uncertain.
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering is a branch of molecular biology that allows manipulation of an organism's genome. Common practices include eliminating harmful genes, introducing healthy genes, and modifying genes. The process involves isolating the gene of interest using restriction enzymes, inserting the gene into a cloning vector like a bacterial plasmid, locating host cells containing the gene, and cloning those cells to produce the gene product. For example, the human insulin gene can be cloned into bacteria to produce insulin in large quantities at low cost for treatment of diabetes.
cloning and sub-cloning
Cloning and subcloning are techniques used in molecular biology. Cloning involves isolating a gene and inserting it into a vector for propagation. Subcloning moves a gene from one vector to another. The document discusses the history of cloning, types of cloning including DNA cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. It provides details on the basic steps for cloning such as isolation of the gene, insertion into a vector, transformation, identification and expression of the cloned gene. Subcloning involves using restriction enzymes to excise a gene from one vector and ligate it into another vector. The document outlines the procedure and applications of both cloning and subcloning techniques.
Knock out mice
Knockout mice are genetically engineered mice where one or more genes have been inactivated through gene knockout. They are important animal models for studying the role of genes with unknown functions. By causing a specific gene to be inactive in mice and observing differences in behavior or health, researchers can infer the probable function of that gene. Transgenic mice have foreign or modified genes added, which are then integrated randomly into the mouse genome, allowing the study of these additional genes. Both knockout and transgenic mice are useful models for studying human genetic diseases.
Genetic engineering
This document discusses genetic engineering techniques. It describes how scientists use genes from fireflies to kill cancer cells, how genetic codes contain chromosomes with DNA, and how genetic engineering works by choosing a gene and transferring it to another organism. It then discusses using this process to create transgenic sheep that produce human proteins in their milk by injecting human genes into fertilized sheep eggs.
DNA CLONING.pptx
now a days trending technologies move towards everything very fast in this DNA CLONING is also one of the part.
have a look on the presentation to know more all about the DNA CLONING...
Recombinant Dna technology, Restriction Endonucleas and Vector
Recombinant DNA technology allows DNA from different sources to be combined to form artificial DNA molecules. This is done by cutting the DNA with restriction enzymes and joining the pieces together with DNA ligase. The artificial DNA can then be inserted into host cells where it is replicated. This technology was developed in 1973 and has many important applications, including producing human insulin in bacteria to treat diabetes, creating genetically modified crops with desirable traits, and producing other proteins and vaccines. The basic steps involve isolating DNA, cutting it with restriction enzymes, ligating the pieces, introducing the DNA into host cells, replicating the DNA within the cells, and identifying cells containing the recombinant DNA.
8071790.ppt
Cloning involves making an identical organism through nonsexual means. There are three main types of cloning: recombinant DNA cloning, which transfers DNA between organisms; reproductive cloning, which generates an animal with the donor's nuclear DNA; and therapeutic cloning, which produces embryos for stem cell research. While cloning technologies offer potential medical benefits, current methods have low success rates and cloned animals often have health issues. More research is still needed to fully understand cloning and its risks.
Basic principle of gene expression & methods of
This document discusses gene expression and methods of gene transfer. It begins by defining gene expression as the process by which information from a gene is used to produce a functional product, often a protein. It then explains the central dogma of biology - that DNA is transcribed into RNA which is translated into protein. The document focuses on viral and non-viral methods of gene transfer, describing several types of viral vectors including retroviruses, lentiviruses, adenoviruses, and adeno-associated viruses. It also discusses non-viral methods such as electroporation, gene guns, oligonucleotides, and liposomes. Finally, it briefly mentions some applications of gene transfer technologies.
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Current Trends in Molecular Biology and BioTechnology (ppt)
Current Trends in Molecular Biology and BioTechnology (ppt)
Biology - Chp 13 - Genetic Engineering - PowerPoint
Biology - Chp 13 - Genetic Engineering - PowerPoint
Recombinant Dna technology, Restriction Endonucleas and Vector
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Chapter 11 Biotechnology
- 3. Genetic Engineering The process of manipulating genes for practical purposes is called genetic engineering .
- 10. Polymerase Chain Reaction The purpose of PCR is to make huge numbers of copies of a gene Used for DNA fingerprinting or genetic research
- 11. Gene Therapy Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development.
- 14. Cloning
- 17. Nuclear Transfer Cloning Nuclear Transfer Video
- 19. Stem Cells and Stem Cell Research
- 20. What are Stem Cells? Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell. However, they have the ability to form any adult cell.
- 22. Where do Stem Cells Come From?
- 23. Alternatives To Embryonic Stem Cells
- 24. Potential Medical Advances A paraplegic rat may be the key to helping Christopher Reeves walk again!!! The actor was paralyzed from the neck down during a horse riding accident in 1995. The Washington University Researchers gave rats similar injuries, then injected some with embryonic stem cells. Six weeks later, the treated rats were walking again!!!