Microbes are ubiquitous and require pure cultures and suitable growth conditions. A pure culture contains a single microbial species, isolated using techniques like streak plating. Microbes are grown in liquid or solid media containing nutrients. Common equipment used in microbiology includes autoclaves, incubators, laminar flow cabinets, and PCR for amplifying DNA. Proper techniques and controlled conditions are needed to study microbes.

2.  Microbes are ubiquitous.
 Tobe able to study microbes one need a
pure culture of it
 Pure culture
 Single unadulterated species of cells.
 Meaning a colony of only 1 kind of microbe.

3.  The survival and continued growth of microbes depend on
adequate supply of nutrients and a favorable growth
environment
 Medium
 A solution containing these nutrients.
 Culture media can either be:
 Liquid (broth medium)
 Semi-solid
 solid

4. 1. Broth medium – lack solidifying agent
(AGAR)
 AGAR – an extract of seaweed, complex
carbohydrate composed mainly of galactose and
without nutritional value.
2. Semisolid medium
 Contain <1% agar

5.  Colony
 Cluster of cells that originates from
multiplication of a single cell and represents the
growth of a single species of microbe.
 Pure culture
 Defined and well isolated colony

6. 3. Solid media
 Hardened surface
 Prepared in 3 ways:
1. Agar slants – used to maintain pure culture.
 Agar is harden in a slanted position (test
tube)

7.  Agar deep
 used for the study of gaseous
requirements of microbes

8.  Agar plates
 harden in a large surface area
usually in a petri dish

9. Broth
Semisolid Agar slant
Media
solid Agar deep
Agar plate
Autoclave
Bunsen burner
EQUIPMENT Culture tubes
Petri dishes
Wire loops & needles Transfer instruments
Pipettes
Waterbath Cultivation chambers
Incubators
Refrigerators
Streak plate
Pure culture techniques
Pour plate Isolation of pure culture
Spread plate

10.  alsocalled a pipet,
pipettor or chemical
dropper
 isa laboratory instrument
used to transport a
measured volume of liquid.

11. •is a piece of laboratory
equipment, driven by a motor,
which spins liquid samples at
high speed.

12.  isa piece of laboratory
equipment that provides a safe
working area for people
handling material potentially
contaminated with pathogens
(germs)

13.  laminar flow cabinet
 is a carefully enclosed bench
designed to prevent
contamination of semiconductor
wafers, biological samples, or
any particle sensitive device.

14.  isa device for controlling the
temperature, humidity, and
other conditions in which a
microbiological culture is being
grown.

15. A water bath is used in the
laboratory to allow a chemical
reaction to occur at an
elevated temperature

16. Water distillers produce highly
treated and disinfected water for
laboratory usage. The distillation
process removes minerals and
microbiological contaminants and
can reduce levels of chemical
contaminants.

17.  is a technique widely used in molecular
biology.
 As PCR progresses, the DNA generated is used
as a template for replication.
 This sets in motion a chain reaction in which
the DNA template is exponentially amplified.
 It is possible to amplify a single or few copies
of a piece of DNA across several orders of
magnitude, generating millions or more
copies of the DNA piece.

18.  isa pressurized device
designed to heat aqueous
solutions above their boiling
point at normal atmospheric
pressure to achieve
sterilization.

19.  is a photometer (a device for
measuring light intensity) that
can measure intensity as a
function of the color, or more
specifically, the wavelength of
light.

23. a thin metal pincher
that allows you to grasp
test tubes at extreme
temperatures.

24.  a bottle or flask provided with one bent
tube passing through the stopper for
directing a stream of water on anything to
be washed or rinsed and with means for
forcing (as by blowing into a second tube
passing through the stopper or by squeezing
if the bottle is flexible) the water through
the tube

25. a flask having a wide base,
narrow neck, and conical
form, convenient in
laboratory experimentation
for swirling liquids by hand.