The history of road construction can be traced back to ancient times in 5000 BC with the beginning of wheeled vehicles, and became more systematic under the Ancient Romans who constructed three classes of surfaces - flattened, gravelled, and paved. Major developments since then include Macadam roads in the 18th century using broken stone and Telford roads with uniform thickness layers and cambered profiles to improve drainage. Road networks in Malaysia began under British colonization to facilitate trade and administration.
Highway Engineering for BE Civil Engineering Students
History of Roads in India, IRC, CRRI, Classification of Roads, Three 20 year Road Development Plans, Road patterns, Accident Studies,
transportation Engineering.Highway planning,alignment and geometry.ayudge
Broad description of highway planning,alignments and geometric design,factors involved in it.
history of road development in india.
all 20 year plan.
stopping sight distance.
overtaking sight distance.
P.I.E.V theory and lots more.
its help to know about the road construction and types of roads which used on different places.its also classified the required knowledge for highway study.this is very helpful for those students which want to show their seminar presentation.
Highway Engineering for BE Civil Engineering Students
History of Roads in India, IRC, CRRI, Classification of Roads, Three 20 year Road Development Plans, Road patterns, Accident Studies,
transportation Engineering.Highway planning,alignment and geometry.ayudge
Broad description of highway planning,alignments and geometric design,factors involved in it.
history of road development in india.
all 20 year plan.
stopping sight distance.
overtaking sight distance.
P.I.E.V theory and lots more.
its help to know about the road construction and types of roads which used on different places.its also classified the required knowledge for highway study.this is very helpful for those students which want to show their seminar presentation.
Abstract Traffic congestion on city road networks is one of the main issues to be addressed by today’s traffic management schemes. The frequent traffic jams at major junctions call for an efficient traffic management system in place. The image sequences from a camera are analyzed using edge detection technique, object counting method and queue length estimation to obtain the most efficient technique. Subsequently, the number of vehicles at the intersection is evaluated and traffic is efficiently managed. The paper also proposes to implement a real-time emergency vehicle detection system. In case an emergency vehicle is detected, the lane is given priority over all the others. Using image-processing operations to calculate traffic density is cost effective as cameras are cheaper and affordable devices compared to any other devices such as sensors. Keywords: Edge detection, Object counting, vehicle queue length, traffic management, image processing.
A Security Model for Virtual Infrastructure in the CloudEditor IJCATR
Accordin to easily manage cloud computing, flexibility and powerful resources on space, provide great potential for
improving cost efficiency. Cloud computin capabilities through the efficient use of shared hardware resources increases. Properties
mentioned above, incentive agencies and other users of their programs and sevices in this space with a series with a series of threats
and risks are also met.
This ensures higher accuracy virtualization and cloud infrastrure components of the virtual machines is. In this regard, particularly for
initial design thesis developed a new model called cloud protectionsystem, it is suggested and shown that the proposed model, can
increase supply security in the cloud. And packets received by sources and do not be discarded. How to test this architecture, in terms
of effectiveness and efficiency in the fight against offensive attacks mentioned above, partly expressed and tools for simulating and
measuring the efficiency of the system may be useful, recommended.
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Modes of transportation and its importance
Classification of roads
Types of pavements
Cross sections of road and railway
Causes of damage to roads
Traffic signs and signals
Significance of transportation in nation's development
Role of engineers in transportation.
CONTENT- Modes of transportations, their importance and limitations, the importance of highway transportation. Highway Development and Planning: Principles of Highway planning.
Road development in India, NHAI, NHDP, PMGSY, MSRDC. Classification of roads, road network patterns, Planning Surveys.
Terrain classification, design speed, vehicular characteristics, highway cross-section elements.
Sight distance: introduction to sight distance, reaction time, analysis of safe sight distance, analysis of overtaking sight distance, intersection sight distance.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
2. History of Highway
Construction
History of road construction can be divided
into three ages
a) Ancient Times
b) Age of Ancient Roman
c) The period after the Roman
2
3. Ancient times
•Starts 5000 years ago since the beginning
custom of wheels for horse and cattle.
•They are found in
mesopotamia,china, persia, egypt, india and
greece.
• A short road with only a hard surface to
withstand the load of vehicles, miles and mortar
used in egypt and india.
•Road bricks and asfalt pavement have been
found in babylon, mesopotamia.
3
4. Ancient Roman era
More systematic way of road
construction.
Base for road construction.
The path is higher than ground
structure of road consists three
classes of surface.
i) Flattened surface
ii) Gravelled surfaced
iii) Paving (Paved).
Road width does not exceed 4:25
meters
Main purpose of road - military.
4
5. After Roman era
After falling back of Roman era, the construction of roads also
have decline.
Roman road however still remains and used as the trade routes.
No new development on road construction until the 18 century.
new road construction at the time was
1. Telford Road
2. Macadam road
5
6. History of Road in
Malaysia
modern road system in this country begin during the
British colonial at the end of the 18th century.
Trading needs and to centralize the colonial
administration had accelerate construction of roads in
Peninsular Malaysia in order to connect the administrative
center, commercial, industrial areas, farming areas and
the port.
Before independence, all the roads in this country was
built by British.
6
7. In 1986 there were 4 million vehicles over 24 000 km length of
roads and this number will increase with the rapid rate at each
year.
Road construction have been given priority in an allocation
About 6 billion dollars for the construction of the North South
Highway Authority.
Other - other road projects is Ringroad Malacca, Temerloh -
Mentakab Bypass and road to Highway Timur branches - the
West.
7
8. Most Famous person in
road constrution
Robert Philips: Apprentice in road
design.
Suggested (1736): gravel layer will
lay into the rod surface and will be
compacted by traffic to become
hardened layer.
8
9. TREASAGUET ( 1716 )
•Active in 1746 to 1775
•Introduced more economical method by placed all the structure in
drain to level with environment.
•Drainage’s problem were solved by built the water proof surface,
cambered the subgrade and construct deeper side drain.
9
10. John Metcalf ( 1717 )
•Also known as Blind Jack Of Knaresborough
•Blind : 6 years old
•Musician, army, horse trader.
•Become an road engineer in age of 40.
•Construct 290 km of road in Yorkshire including
bridge, culvert, retaining wall.
•Focused on drainage and sub base
•Road were curved for drainage purposes.
10
11. Thomas Telford ( 1757 )
•Designed 1600 km of road, drain, bridge an almost of civil works in
Britain and North Europe.
• Road was designed with horizontal formation, sub base, camber and
others coarse with uniform thickness.
11
12. Telford Road
Formation level is horizontal. Then the
camber is provided with
changing the layer thickness of 3 “ or 4"
side is divided to 7 "or 8" in the middle.
a. Surface layer is 1.5 " gravel
moistened and compressed by the
traffic.
b. 2 "thick stone that is being squeezed
by the traffic burst
c. 4 "thick stone that is being squeezed
by the traffic burst
d.base constructed by arranging the
stones sized 3 "- 8" by hand.
Empty space between them filled with
stone chips (fine chipping).
12
13. John Macadam ( 1756 )
• 1’st engineering expertise
• Come back from America in 1783- not active until 1816
• 1816 : Surveyor
• Advisor in road construction (1826 )
• Road were design with a camber by used broken stone as a
material to reduce a cost.
13
14. Macadam Road
Macadam road
formation level
prior to the
slope camber 1:
60 to 1: 80.
Three layers of
stone and then
spread on the
formation level.
14
15. Types of road in Malaysia
Earth Road/ Unpaved road
• Used soil as road materials.
• Compacted as a surface.
• Rural area
• Laterite
Gravel Road
• Gravel were lay into earth road and compacted.
15
16. Bituminous Road
• Paved road
• To take higher traffic loading
i) Surface dressing : aggregate
Road base
Sub base
Subgrade
16
17. ii) Flexible pavement/ asphaltic concrete
• Many in Malaysia
• Carried more loading compare with surface dressing.
Wearing coarse Premix ( ACW 14)
Binder coarse Premix ( ACB 28)
Road base
Sub base
Subgrade
17
18. iii) Porous asphalt
• Same as a asphaltic concrete
• Porous at wearing coarse – purpose: allowed surface water silt
through into wearing coarse.
• Advantages :
-High friction resistance
- Avoid flood
- Avoid water splash
- Reduced unpleasant light at night
- Durable: coarse aggregate
- Silent
• Disadvantages???
18
19. iii) Concrete pavement( Rigid pavement )
• Same as a asphaltic concrete
• Surface used reinforce concrete
• Advantages : Reinforce concrete
-Quite strong
- Extended life span Road base
- Low maintanence Sub base
• Disadvantages??? Subgrade
19
20. Interlocking Paving Block
• Used at intersection
• Corner
• Bus terminal or jetty
• Advantages :
-Quite strong Road base
- Extended life span Sub base
- Low maintanence
Subgrade
• Disadvantages???
20
21. Malaysia Road
System
i. Toll highway
ii. Federal highway
iii. State road
iv. Urban road/ municipal road
v. Rural road
21
22. Federal Highway, or Lebuhraya
Persekutuan in Malay (or sometimes
called it "Federal", "Highway
Persekutuan" or "Highway Federal" by
Klang Valley citizens) is a Malaysian
highway connecting the capital city of
Kuala Lumpur, and Klang, Selangor.
The highway starts from Seputeh in
Kuala Lumpur to Klang, Selangor. It is
the busiest highway in Klang Valley
during rush hour from/to Kuala Lumpur.
The Federal Highway is coded as
Federal Route .
22
23. Malaysian state roads (Malay: Sistem
Laluan Negeri Malaysia) are the secondary
roads in Malaysia. The construction of state
roads in Malaysia are funded by Malaysian
Public Works Department (JKR) of each
states. The standard of state roads are
similar with the federal roads except for the
coding system, where the codes for state
roads begin with state codes followed by
route number, for example Johor State
Route J32 is labeled as J32 .
23
24. State Road
• Construction and maintainence to improve connection in state.
• Construct and maintain by JKR State.
• Allocation : by state or federal
Urban road/Municipal Road
• In Municipal area or district including road by developer.
• Allocation by municipal and/or subsidized by federal
Rural Road
• Construct and maintain by district office with state allocation.
• Too low standard – traffic volume low
24
25. Organizations & Agencies
in road system
Organizations & Agencies Functions
UPE & BPJ Planning and controlling of
projects. Also allocation
JKR & LLM Design, construction,
maintainance ( road/highway )
JPJ LPKP Road license
Police & JPJ Enforcement and controlling
Majlis Keselamatan Jalanraya Keselamatan Jalanraya
Jab.Alam Sekitar Environment controlling
JPBD Perancangan Bandar dan Desa
PBKT Traffic facilities
25