This document provides information on interlocking concrete block pavements (ICBP). It discusses the introduction, advantages, limitations, and applications of ICBP technology. It also describes the shapes and classifications of blocks, the construction process including compaction techniques, and includes a case study example. The conclusion states that ICBP can provide durable infrastructure at a lower cost than other pavement types for certain traffic and site conditions.

1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
INTERLOCKING CONCRETE BLOCKS PAVEMENTS
Submitted By:- DILEEP R Under The Guidance of
POORNACHANDRA THEJASWI S
Asst.Professor Dept.of Civil Engg
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2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Advantages And Limitations
• Application Of ICBP Technology
• Shapes And Classifications
• Construction Of ICBP
• Typical Pavement Composition And Compaction
• Case study
• Conclusion
• References
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Concrete block pavement was introduced in The Netherlands
in the early 1950s as a replacement for baked clay brick roads.
Blocks were rectangular in shape and had more or less the
same size as the bricks
 Earlier days non-interlocking bricks were used but now
interlocking bricks were used.
 ICBP gives excellent performance when applied at locations
where conventional systems have lower service life due to a
number of geological, traffic, environmental and operational
constraints.
 Many number of such applications for light, medium, heavy
and very heavy traffic conditions are currently in practice
around the world.
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4. NON INTERLOCKING BLOCK INTERLOCKING BLOCK
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5. Easy Maintenance
Good quality
High dimensional
accuracy.
Not require curing
Permanent traffic markings
Low manpower
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ADVANTAGES

6.  Mass production under factory conditions ensures
availability of blocks having consistent quality and high
dimensional accuracy.
 Good quality of blocks ensures durability of pavements,
when constructed to specifications.
 ICBP does not require curing, and so can be opened for
traffic immediately after construction.
 Construction of ICBP is labor intensive and requires less
sophisticated equipment.
 Low maintenance cost and a high salvage value ensures low
life cycle cost.
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7. factory premises deviations of base course not suited for high speed roads
coarse bedding sand and joint filling material
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LIMITATIONS

8.  Quality control of blocks at the factory premises is a
prerequisite for durable "ICBP"
 Any deviations of base course profile will be reflected on
the "ICBP" surface. Hence extra care needs to be taken to
fix the same.
 High quality and gradation of coarse bedding sand and
joint filling material are essential for good performance.
 "ICBP" over unbound granular base course is susceptible
to the adverse effects of poor drainage and will deteriorate
faster. "ICBP" is not suited for high speed roads (speed
above 60 km/h)
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9. Application of ICBP Technology
1. Non-traffic Areas: Building Premises, Footpaths, Malls,
Pedestrian Plaza, Landscapes, Monuments Premises, Premises,
Public Gardens/Parks, Shopping Complexes, Bus Terminus
Parking areas and Railway Platform, etc.
2. Light Traffic: Car Parks, Office Driveway, Housing Colony
Roads, Office/Commercial Complexes, Rural Roads, Residential
Colony Roads, Farm Houses, etc.
3. Medium Traffic: Boulevard, City Streets, Small Market Roads,
Intersections/Rotaries on Low Volume Roads, Utility Cuts on
Arteries, Service Stations, etc.
4. Heavy and Very Heavy Traffic: Container/Bus Terminals,
Ports/Dock Yards, Mining Areas, Roads in Industrial Complexes,
Heavy-Duty Roads on Expansive Soils, Bulk Cargo Handling
Areas, Factory Floors and Pavements, Airport Pavement, etc.
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10. Shapes and Classifications
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11.  Type A: Paver blocks with plain vertical faces, which
do not key into each other when paved in any pattern,
 Type B: Paver blocks with alternating plain and
curved/corrugated vertical faces, which key into each
other along the curve/corrugated faces, when paved in
any pattern,
 Type C: Paver blocks having all faces curved or
corrugated, which key into each other along all the
vertical faces when paved in any pattern and
 Type D: 'L' and 'X' shaped paver blocks which have all
faces curved or corrugated and which key into each
other along all the vertical faces when paved in any
pattern.
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12. Construction of Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement
compactionLay of ICBP by machine
Lay of ICBP by man power
Cross section diff layer
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13. The sequencing of operations for construction of block pavement
should be as follows
 Installation of sub-surface drainage structures
 Leveling and compaction of subgrade
 Provision and compaction of sub-base course (where needed)
 Provision and compaction of base-course and checking for
correct profile
 Installation of edge restraints
 Provision and compaction of coarse bedding sand
 Laying of blocks and interlocking
 Application of joint sealing sand and compaction
 Cleaning of surface
 Filling any remaining empty portions in the block layer
especially near edge restraint blocks with in situ concrete.
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14. Establishing the Laying Pattern
Following are the some popular bonds commonly adopted
for block paving
 Stretcher or running bond
 Basket weave
 Herringbone pattern
1. 45⁰herringbond
2. 90 ⁰ herringbond
3. Double herringbond
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16. Typical Pavement Composition
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17. Compaction
There are two compactors are involved in compaction of
ICBP
 Vibratory plate compactors
 Vibratory roller
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18.  For compaction of the bedding sand and the blocks laid over it,
vibratory plate compactors are used over the laid paving blocks;
at least two passes of the vibratory plate compactor are needed
 Standard compactors may have a weight of about 90 kg, plate
area of about 0.3 m2 and apply a centrifugal force of about 15 kN,
while heavy duty compactors may weigh 300-600 kg, have a plate
area of about 0.5-0.6 m2 and apply a centrifugal force of 30-65
kN. Where the bedding sand is required to be compacted for
heavy traffic block pavements, heavy-duty compactors should be
used.
 After compaction by vibratory plate compactors, some 2 to 6
passes of a vibratory roller (with rubber coated drums or those of
static weight less than 4 tonnes and nominal amplitude of not
more than 0.6 mm) will further help in compaction of bedding
sand and joint filling
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19. Case study
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Ayoor Junction on M.C. Road developed under the Kerala State Transport
Project where interlocking concrete paver blocks have been used.

20.  The Public Works Department is relying on Interlocking
Concrete Block.
 The PWD plans to employ the technology on the
Ambalamukku-Muttada road in the capital city where the
carriageway gets damaged due to frequent pipe bursts. A
sum of Rs.25 lakh has been allocated for the same.
 “They had used concrete paver blocks in 12 years ago on an
experimental basis. They have withstood the time and heavy
traffic. The PWD has not taken up any maintenance of these
blocks till date,”
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21. Conclusion
 ICBP technology can provide durable and sustainable road
infrastructure where construction and maintenance of
conventional pavements are not cost effective.
 ICBP is much cheaper than rigid (concrete) pavement
designed for identical conditions.
 Compared to bituminous pavement for low traffic volumes
and high strength subgrade, the initial construction cost of
ICBP is likely to be equal to or marginally higher.
 ICBP will be cheaper than flexible pavement.
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22. References
1. Sharma, S.D., Prashant Kumar, Nanda, P.K., "Interlocking
Concrete Block Pavements: New Trends in Construction," Civil
Engineering & Construction Review, (Roads), 2005
2. Muraleedharan, T. and Nanda, P.K., (1992) "Application and
Performance of Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement – An
Overview," The Indian Concrete Journal, pp 395 -400, July
1992.
3. "New and Improved Road Technologies (Tenth Five Year Plan
200207) – Material for Special Road Applications –
Development of Paving Surface for High Altitude and Desert
Areas, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi, March
2007.
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23. THANK YOU
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