This report summarizes the key aspects of highway construction, including different types of pavements, materials used, and construction process. It discusses rigid and flexible pavements, describing their characteristics and materials like cement, aggregates, and bitumen used in each. The site preparation and construction steps are outlined, from grading the land to installing base courses. Advantages of both rigid and flexible pavements are provided. In general, the report provides a high-level overview of highway and pavement design.
Presentation on Summer internship on Road ConstructionSelf-employed
This is an presentation on training in LODHA Palava, In this internship, I learned about an overview of the road construction which I mentioned in this presentation.
Presentation on Summer internship on Road ConstructionSelf-employed
This is an presentation on training in LODHA Palava, In this internship, I learned about an overview of the road construction which I mentioned in this presentation.
Highway Engineering for BE Civil Engineering Students
History of Roads in India, IRC, CRRI, Classification of Roads, Three 20 year Road Development Plans, Road patterns, Accident Studies,
Objective and classification of highway maintenance works. Distresses and maintenance measures in flexible and rigid pavements. Concept of pavement evaluation: Functional and Structural
Geometric design of highways
Mr. Desai Akshay Prakash
Lecturer in civil engineering department
Sant Gajanan Maharaj Rural Polytechnic, Mahagaon.
contact-+91-9604713468
www.sgmrh.com
Industrial Training Report On Concrete Road Pavement Submitted by Awinash Tiwari To The Department Of Civil Engineering Krishna Institute Of Engineering And Technology ghaziabad.
Components of highway pavement and materials used. Soil: Importance, Desirable properties, Index properties, Compaction, Strength evaluation tests. Aggregate: Functions, Desirable properties, Tests on road aggregates and quality control. Bituminous binders: Functions, Desirable properties, Tests on bitumen and quality control, Bitumen emulsion functions and classification, Modified bituminous binder functions and classification. Bituminous Mix: Desirable properties and requirement of design mix, general approach for design of bituminous mixes and introduction to Marshall Mix Design Method
Inadequate Stability or Strength
Loss of binding action
Loss of base course materials
Inadequate wearing course
Use of inferior materials and crushing of base course materials
Lack of lateral confinement for the granular base course.
Highway Engineering for BE Civil Engineering Students
History of Roads in India, IRC, CRRI, Classification of Roads, Three 20 year Road Development Plans, Road patterns, Accident Studies,
Objective and classification of highway maintenance works. Distresses and maintenance measures in flexible and rigid pavements. Concept of pavement evaluation: Functional and Structural
Geometric design of highways
Mr. Desai Akshay Prakash
Lecturer in civil engineering department
Sant Gajanan Maharaj Rural Polytechnic, Mahagaon.
contact-+91-9604713468
www.sgmrh.com
Industrial Training Report On Concrete Road Pavement Submitted by Awinash Tiwari To The Department Of Civil Engineering Krishna Institute Of Engineering And Technology ghaziabad.
Components of highway pavement and materials used. Soil: Importance, Desirable properties, Index properties, Compaction, Strength evaluation tests. Aggregate: Functions, Desirable properties, Tests on road aggregates and quality control. Bituminous binders: Functions, Desirable properties, Tests on bitumen and quality control, Bitumen emulsion functions and classification, Modified bituminous binder functions and classification. Bituminous Mix: Desirable properties and requirement of design mix, general approach for design of bituminous mixes and introduction to Marshall Mix Design Method
Inadequate Stability or Strength
Loss of binding action
Loss of base course materials
Inadequate wearing course
Use of inferior materials and crushing of base course materials
Lack of lateral confinement for the granular base course.
ROAD CONSTRUCTION (FLEXIBLE & RIGID) - SLIDES.pdfDanielWisman1
Main segments of road pavement
– Flexible pavement :Advantages & Disadvantages
– Rigid pavement: Advantages & Disadvantages
• Selected flexible road project
• Selected rigid road project
Flexible pavements are composed of a bituminous material surface course, underlying base and sub base course.
Rigid pavement is laid in slabs with steel reinforcement.
•The rigid characteristic of the pavement are associated with rigidity or flexural strength
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
2. CONTAIN :
• Introduction
• What is road and pavement ?
• Types of pavement
• Minerals used in flexible pavement
• Minerals used in rigid pavement
• Equipment used
• Site preparation
• Advantages of rigid pavement
• Advantages of flexible pavement
• Opening of the traffic
3. INTRODUCTION :
• Development of a country depends on the connectivity of various places with
adequate road network.
• Roads constitute the most important mode of communication in areas where
railways have not developed much.
• India has one of the largest road networks in the world (over 3 million km at
present). Roads in India are divided into the following five categories:
• National Highways (NH)
• State Highways (SH)
• Major District Roads (MDR)
• Other District Roads (ODR)
• Village Roads (VR)
4. WHAT IS ROADAND PAVEMENT ?
Road is an open, generally public way for the passage of vehicles, people,
and animals.
Pavement is finished with a hard smooth surface. It helped make them
durable and able to withstand traffic and the environment. They have a life
span of between 20 – 30 years.
• FUNCTIONS
• One of the primary functions of pavement is load distribution. It can be
characterized by the tire loads, tire configurations, repetition of loads, and
distribution of traffic across the pavement, and vehicle speed
5. TYPES OF PAVEMENT :
There are two types of pavement :
I) Rigid Pavement
II) Flexible Pavement
6. 1. RIGID PAVEMENT :
Rigid pavements, though costly in initial investment, are cheap in long run
because of low maintenance costs, The cost of construction of single lane rigid
pavement varies from 35 to 50 lakhs per km in plain area,
Rigid pavement have-
Deformation in the sub grade is not transferred to subsequent layers
Design is based on flexural strength or slab action
Have high flexural strength
No such phenomenon of grain to grain load transfer exists
Have low repairing cost but completion cost is high
Life span is more as compare to flexible (Low Maintenance Cost)
7. 2. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT :
Bitumen has been widely used in the construction of flexible
pavements for a long time. This is the most convenient and simple type
of construction. The cost of construction of single lane bituminous
pavement varies from 20 to 30 lakhs per km in plain area.
Flexible pavement have-
Have low flexural strength
Load is transferred by grain to grain contact
Have low completion cost but repairing cost is high
Have low life span (High Maintenance Cost)
8. Different layers in Flexible and
Rigid Pavement
Difference b/w Flexible and Rigid
Pavement in terms of load
distribution In different layers
10. 1. SUB – GRADE :
• The sub-grade material should be clean and free from organic matter and
should be able to be compacted by roller, to form stable sub-base.
11. 2. SUB – BASE COURASE :
It is layer of granular material provided above sub-grade generally natural
gravel. It is usually not provided on sub-grade of good quality.
12. 3. BASE COURSE :
It is the layer immediately under the wearing surface (Applied whether the
wearing surface is bituminous or cements concrete and whether it’s a thick or
thin bituminous layer).
13. 4. SURFACE COURSE :
The top layers of pavement which is in direct contact with the wheel of the
vehicle. Usually constructed of material in which bitumen is used as binder
materials.
15. 1. CEMENT :
Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)
• Ordinary Portland cement and High Strength Ordinary Portland
Cement are most widely used for concrete pavements.
Rapid hardening Portland cement
• In general, this cement would be used only where time is a
critical factor and the road is required to be opened to traffic at
an earlier date than would be possible if Ordinary Portland
Cement or High Strength Ordinary Portland Cement is used.
16. 2. AGGREGATES :
• There are two types of Aggregates are used during construction of road i.e.
Fine and Coarse Aggregate depending on requirements.
• Maximum size of aggregate should not exceed 1/4th of the pavement slab
thickness.
3. WATER :
• Water used in mixing or curing of concrete shall be clean and free from
injurious amounts of oil, salt, acid, vegetable matter or other substances
harmful to the finished concrete.
• Potable waters are generally considered satisfactory for mixing or curing.
17. EQUIPMENTS USED :
Ultrathin Asphalt Paver
Three wheeled or vibratory roller for compaction purpose
Shovels, spades and Sieving screens
Concrete mixer for mixing of concrete
Formwork and iron stakes
Watering devices - Water Lorries, water carriers or watering cans
Wooden hand tampers for concrete compaction
Cycle pump/pneumatic air blower for cleaning of joint
18. SITE PREPARATION :
• Before construction begins, the construction site must be carefully prepared, This
includes preparing the grade or road base, sub grade and sub base-
First the site is graded to cut high points and fill low areas to the desired
roadway profile elevations.
Generally, cut material can be used as embankment fill.
A course of material is placed on the sub grade to provide drainage and stability.
A course of fairly rigid material, sometimes cement- or asphalt-treated, that is
placed on the sub base to provide a stable platform for the concrete pavement
slab.
19. ADVANTAGES OF RIGID PAVEMENT :
• Durability and maintenance free life
• Vehicles consume less fuel
• Resistant to automobile fuel spillage and extreme weather
• Greener process
• Saving of natural resources
• Eco friendly process
20. ADVANTAGES OF FLEXIBLE
PAVEMENT :
• Adaptability to stage construction
• Availability of low-cost types that can be easily built
• Ability to be easily opened and patched
• Easy to repair frost heave and settlement
• Resistance to the formation of ice glaze
21. OPENING OFTHE TRAFFIC :
• Generally after a month, road should be open to traffic, but in case If we
used rapid hardening cement it take 7 days to open traffic.