Steps brief for road construction

3. A) Based on Weather
 All-weather roads
 Fair-weather roads
A) Based on the type of carriage way or road
pavement
 Paved road
 Unpaved road (e.g. earth road )
A) Based on the type of pavement surfacing
provided
 Surface road
 Unsurfaced road

4. A) Traffic volume (vehicle)
 Heavy traffic road
 Medium traffic road
 Light traffic roads
B) Load transported or tonnage
 Class-1 or class-A(tonnes/day)
 Class-2 or class-B etc.
C) Location and function

5. According to the Nagpur Road plan:-
 National highway(NH)
 State Highway(SH)
 Major District Road (MDR)
 Other District Road (ODR)
 Village Road (VR)

6. By Third Road Development Plan 19981-2001:-
A)Primary System
 Expressway
 National Highway(NH)
B) Secondary System
 State Highway(SH)
 Major District Roads(MDR)
C) Tertiary System or Rural Road
 Other District Road(ODR)
 Village Road(VR)

7. Highway planning phase includes
I. Assessments of road length requirement for an area.
II. Preparation of master plan showing the phasing of plan in
annual or five year plans.
Planning surveys consist of:-
 Economic studies
 Financial studies
 Traffic or road use studies
 Engineering studies

8. Preparation of plan:-
 Plan I- showing all existing details.
 Plan II- population.
 Plan III- Quantity of productivity.
 Plan IV- Existing road network with traffic
flows.

9.  Preparation of Master Plan and its Phasing:
After deciding the optimum road length for a plan period,
final step is phasing of road development plan by fixing up the
priorities for the construction of different road links.
 Saturation system:
In this system, the optimum road length is calculated for
area, based on the concept of obtaining maximum utility per
unit length of road.

10.  Highway alignment:
The position of the layout of the centre line of the
highway on the ground is called the alignment.
 Basic Requirement of an ideal alignment between two
terminal station:
It should be……..
1. Short
2. Easy
3. Safe
4. economical

11.  Factor controlling the highway alignment in
general:
a) Obligatory points.
b) Traffic.
c) Geometric design.
d) Other consideration.
 In hill road:
a) Stability
b) Drainage
c) Geometric standard of hill road.
d) Resisting length

12. The survey may be completed in four stage:
 Map study.
 Reconnaissance
 Preliminary survey
 Final location and detailed surveys

13.  Pavment is constructed using broken stone or soil and binder
material to bind the aggregate to form homogenous pavment
section.
 The binder employed on mainly soil slurry, bituminous
material and cement.

14.  Earth road and gavel road
 Water bound macadam (WBM).
 Bituminous or blacktop road.
 Cement concrete road.
The highway construction project may be divided into two
phase:
 Earth work & preparation of sub grades.
 Pavment structure

15.  The sub-grade soil is prepared by bringing it to desire grad.
Excavation Equipment in Highway project:
 Bulldozers, scrapers.
 Power shovels.
 Dragline.
 Clamshell
 Hoes.

16. Generally there are two types of road use in highway
construction:
 Rigid pavement (concrete road).
 Flexible pavement (Bituminous road).
Basic steps for making of Flexible pavement :
 Clearing and Grabbing.
 Embedment .
 Sub grade
 Grainer sub base.
 Wet mix macadam (WMM)
 Dense bituminous macadam(DBM).
 Bituminous Cassel (BC).