This document discusses considerations for pre-construction of highways. It outlines factors to consider like topography, soil characteristics, environment, economy, politics and history. It describes activities in highway planning like site inspection, surveying, clearing and earthwork. The objectives of site investigation are discussed like suitability, design parameters, construction impacts, available materials and effects of design changes. The importance of site investigation is highlighted for suitability, safe design, construction difficulties and material suitability. Preliminary works during groundwork like clearing, diverting structures and archeological protection are covered. Procedures for clearing antiquities, filling ground and consolidating layers are described.

1. PRE-CONSTRUCTION OF
HIGHWAY
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2. CONSIDERATION
FACTORS
i) Topography
- Affects of road capacity
- Purpose of road
- Cost
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3. Soil Characteristic
-Effect cost of earthwork
- Need to stabilize
Environment
-Road construction will affects to the environment.
- EIA needed to prevent ecosystem problem.
Economy/ socio economy
-Cost- benefit analysis
- Socio economy should be to consider.
Politic
History
- The selected route not interference to the old buildings or historic
sites
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4. ACTIVITIES IN HIGHWAY
PLANNING AND PRE-
CONSTRUCTION WORKS
a. Site inspection and carriage way determination
b. Surveying work and stacking
c. Site clearing and cutting of top soil
d. Ground work/Earthwork
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5. OBJECTIVES OF SITE INVESTIGATION
Suitability: Are the site and surroundings suitable for the
highway?
Design: Obtain all the design parameters necessary for the
works.
Construction: Are there any potential ground or ground water
conditions that would affect the construction?
Materials: Are there any materials available on site, what quantity
and quality?
Effect of changes: How will the design affect adjacent properties
and the ground water?
Identify Alternatives: Is this the best location?
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6. THE IMPORTANCE OF SI
•To study the general suitability of the site for an
engineering project.
• To enable a safe, practical and economic design to be
prepared.
• To determine the possible difficulties that may be
encountered by a specific construction method for any
particular civil project.
• To study the suitability of construction material (soil or
rock).
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9. PRELIMINARY WORKS DURING GROUND WORK
Preliminary Steps
The area should be cleared of bushes, vegetation, grass,
branches, trees and saplings.
The roots of trees and saplings should be removed up to the
depth of 60 cm below ground level.
Existing structures and services such as power cables, drainage
pipes etc. within or adjacent to the area if required to be diverted/
removed, should be diverted or dismantled as per
requirement.
Archeological monuments should be fenced in the area where
the work is to be started.
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11. CLEARANCE OF 'ANTIQUITIES'
At time of working when any archeological
article such as relics of antiquity, coins, fossils,
or other valuable articles should be delivered
to the Government department whereas the
other useful material if found should be stacked
separately and this material is the property of
the Government.
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12. FILLING UP THE 'GROUND'
The earth used for filling should be free from all
roots, grass, bushes, branches, trees, saplings and
wastes.
Filling up with excavated earth should be done in
regular parallel layers.
All lumps and clods exceeding 8 cm in any
direction should be broken.
Each layer should be watered and consolidated
with iron rammer.
The top and sides of the filling should be neatly
dressed.
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