Chapter 01
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The document summarizes the history and development of computers from ancient counting devices like the abacus to modern PCs. It discusses early inventions in the 19th century that helped develop basic computer components. During World War II, the first generation of computers was developed for code breaking and calculations. The second generation saw transistors replace vacuum tubes and software stored on punch cards. Integrated circuits led to smaller, more powerful third generation computers. The fourth generation saw affordable personal computers introduced. The document then defines computer hardware and software components.
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Ap Power Point Chpt1
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to computer systems, including:
- Hardware components like the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices and how they interact.
- How digital information is represented and stored using binary numbers.
- Different types of memory like RAM, ROM, and their characteristics.
- Storage media like hard disks, CDs, DVDs and their storage capacities.
- Basic concepts of networks, local area networks, and wide area networks.
- How the Internet developed from ARPANET and became a global network connecting many networks worldwide.
HARD DISK PARTITIONING,FORMATING
This document discusses hard disk partitioning and formatting. It begins by explaining why disks need to be formatted before use, noting that all disks must be formatted and hard disks specifically must be partitioned and formatted with a file system. It then describes the two parts of formatting a disk: low-level formatting which prepares the disk physically and high-level formatting which determines how the operating system uses the disk. The document provides an overview of ten free partition tools that can be used to partition disks, including GParted, System RescueCD, TestDisk, Ranish Partition Manager, and Partition Logic. It provides brief descriptions of the capabilities of each tool.
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The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics professor name Charles Babbage. He designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic framework of the computers.
parts of computer
Hard drive partitions
The document discusses the logical structure and partitioning of hard disks. It explains that the hard disk can be divided into logical partitions beyond its physical structure. This allows an operating system to access different sections of the hard disk as separate drives. There are two types of partitions - primary partitions that can directly contain an operating system, and extended partitions that allow creating additional logical drives beyond the 4 primary limit. Partitioning provides benefits like organizing data from multiple users, installing multiple operating systems, improving storage efficiency, and increasing data security through backups.
Using of computer tech
The document provides information about the basic components of a computer system. It discusses the monitor, keyboard, mouse, floppy disk drive, CD/DVD drive, computer peripherals, and various computer terminology. Specifically, it defines each component, describes its function and how it interacts with the other parts of the computer. It also explains common computer terms like CPU, hard drive, modem, motherboard, and operating systems.
Int Cs Rev
The document discusses various computer components including input devices, processors, memory, storage devices and output devices. It describes the features, functions and uses of keyboards, mice, microphones, touchpads, digital cameras, scanners, webcams and other input devices. It also compares these input devices based on characteristics such as resolution, speed and cost. Output devices such as monitors, printers and speakers are also described along with comparisons of their characteristics. Storage devices including hard drives, floppy drives, CDs, DVDs and magnetic tape are outlined.
Ch.01 introduction to_computers
A computer accepts data as input, processes it, produces output, and stores information. It has both hardware and software components. The hardware includes input devices like keyboards and mice, the central processing unit (CPU) which contains the arithmetic logic unit and control unit, primary memory like RAM and ROM, secondary memory like hard drives, and output devices like monitors. The software includes system software that controls the computer and application software that helps users perform tasks. Computer data is measured in bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and other units, while CPU speed is measured in hertz and megahertz.
Input devices
This document discusses different types of input and output devices used with computers. It describes keyboards, mice, touch screens, scanners, microphones, and other pointing devices as common input methods. Output devices mentioned include computer monitors in CRT, LCD, and LED varieties, printers, speakers, magnetic storage like hard drives and floppy disks, optical discs, flash memory, and online/cloud storage. The document provides examples and brief explanations of these various computer peripherals and storage technologies.
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Ap Power Point Chpt1
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to computer systems, including:
- Hardware components like the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices and how they interact.
- How digital information is represented and stored using binary numbers.
- Different types of memory like RAM, ROM, and their characteristics.
- Storage media like hard disks, CDs, DVDs and their storage capacities.
- Basic concepts of networks, local area networks, and wide area networks.
- How the Internet developed from ARPANET and became a global network connecting many networks worldwide.
HARD DISK PARTITIONING,FORMATING
This document discusses hard disk partitioning and formatting. It begins by explaining why disks need to be formatted before use, noting that all disks must be formatted and hard disks specifically must be partitioned and formatted with a file system. It then describes the two parts of formatting a disk: low-level formatting which prepares the disk physically and high-level formatting which determines how the operating system uses the disk. The document provides an overview of ten free partition tools that can be used to partition disks, including GParted, System RescueCD, TestDisk, Ranish Partition Manager, and Partition Logic. It provides brief descriptions of the capabilities of each tool.
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The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics professor name Charles Babbage. He designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic framework of the computers.
parts of computer
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The document discusses the logical structure and partitioning of hard disks. It explains that the hard disk can be divided into logical partitions beyond its physical structure. This allows an operating system to access different sections of the hard disk as separate drives. There are two types of partitions - primary partitions that can directly contain an operating system, and extended partitions that allow creating additional logical drives beyond the 4 primary limit. Partitioning provides benefits like organizing data from multiple users, installing multiple operating systems, improving storage efficiency, and increasing data security through backups.
Using of computer tech
The document provides information about the basic components of a computer system. It discusses the monitor, keyboard, mouse, floppy disk drive, CD/DVD drive, computer peripherals, and various computer terminology. Specifically, it defines each component, describes its function and how it interacts with the other parts of the computer. It also explains common computer terms like CPU, hard drive, modem, motherboard, and operating systems.
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The document discusses various computer components including input devices, processors, memory, storage devices and output devices. It describes the features, functions and uses of keyboards, mice, microphones, touchpads, digital cameras, scanners, webcams and other input devices. It also compares these input devices based on characteristics such as resolution, speed and cost. Output devices such as monitors, printers and speakers are also described along with comparisons of their characteristics. Storage devices including hard drives, floppy drives, CDs, DVDs and magnetic tape are outlined.
Ch.01 introduction to_computers
A computer accepts data as input, processes it, produces output, and stores information. It has both hardware and software components. The hardware includes input devices like keyboards and mice, the central processing unit (CPU) which contains the arithmetic logic unit and control unit, primary memory like RAM and ROM, secondary memory like hard drives, and output devices like monitors. The software includes system software that controls the computer and application software that helps users perform tasks. Computer data is measured in bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and other units, while CPU speed is measured in hertz and megahertz.
Input devices
This document discusses different types of input and output devices used with computers. It describes keyboards, mice, touch screens, scanners, microphones, and other pointing devices as common input methods. Output devices mentioned include computer monitors in CRT, LCD, and LED varieties, printers, speakers, magnetic storage like hard drives and floppy disks, optical discs, flash memory, and online/cloud storage. The document provides examples and brief explanations of these various computer peripherals and storage technologies.
Partitioning a Hard Drive
Partitioning a hard drive involves creating, deleting, and formatting partitions to organize and manage the drive's storage space. It is commonly done when purchasing a new hard drive. Using disk management built into Windows, you can create partitions by selecting "New Simple Volume" on unallocated space. You can delete partitions by right clicking the unwanted partition and selecting "Delete Volume." Formatting a partition allows changing its file system or wiping data; right click the partition and select "Format" to begin this process. Partitioning provides benefits like independent storage areas that won't break other partitions if one fails, easier data organization, and the ability to encrypt partitions for security.
Ch.01 introduction to_computers
1. The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It describes the basic parts of a computer including the CPU, RAM, hard drive, optical drives, and other components.
2. Input devices are described as any hardware that allows data to enter the computer. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, microphones, and cameras. Output devices display or communicate data from the computer, such as monitors, printers, and speakers.
3. The document outlines system software like operating systems that control the computer hardware and application software that users interact with for specific tasks. Storage and speed measurements used in computing are also defined.
Virtual Hard disk
VHD (Virtual Hard Disk) and its successor VHDx are File Format representing a virtual hard disk drive (HDD). They may contain what is found on a physical HDD, such as disk partitions and a file system, which in turn can contain files and folders. They are typically used as the hard disk of a virtual machine, are built into modern versions of Windows, and are the native file format for Microsoft's hypervisor (virtual machine system), Hyper-V.
Chapter06 Managing Disks And Data Storage
Windows Server 2003 supports two data storage types: basic disks using traditional partitioning and dynamic disks allowing more volumes per disk. Disk Management is the primary tool for managing partitions, volumes, and disk properties. Fault tolerance can be achieved through software RAID strategies like RAID 1 (disk mirroring) and RAID 5 (striped volumes with distributed parity). A variety of command line utilities are available for additional disk management tasks and monitoring disk health.
Processing data
This document discusses how computers process data. It explains that processing involves calculations, comparisons, and decisions. Data processing is the collection and manipulation of data to produce meaningful information. Computers represent all information as strings of zeros and ones. The CPU carries out processing by executing a machine cycle of fetch, decode, execute, and store steps. Key physical components involved in processing include the microprocessor chip, memory devices, and motherboard, which contains connectors for additional components and controls peripheral devices.
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This is a ppt presentation that provide you to information about the hard drive partitions, it also provide a knowledge about the hard drive and multiple hard drive in a single computer.
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Disk Management is a system utility for managing hard disks and the volumes, or partitions, that they contain.
Disk Management enables you to perform most disk-related tasks without shutting down the system or interrupting users; most configuration changes take effect immediately.
Simplified tasks and intuitive user interface. Disk Management is easy to use. Menus that are accessible from the right mouse button display the tasks you can perform on the selected object, and wizards guide you through creating partitions or volumes and initializing or converting disks.
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The document discusses disk formatting, which prepares a data storage device. Formatting involves low-level formatting to subdivide tracks into blocks, partitioning to allow operating system access, and high-level formatting to set up a file system. Advanced format uses larger sectors for storage efficiency and error correction at higher densities. Formatting operations create the structure of sectors with gaps, sync marks, address marks, data, and error correction codes. Methods to check partition alignment on Windows include using the wmic command to view starting offsets.
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The document discusses disk partitioning, formatting, and different types of storage in Windows Server 2008. It defines basic disk storage using primary and extended partitions, and dynamic disk storage which allows volumes to span multiple disks. The different types of dynamic storage volumes are described - simple, spanned, striped, mirrored, and RAID-5. Steps are provided to create each type of volume on dynamic disks in Windows Server 2008.
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This document discusses disk formatting and partitioning. It explains that low-level formatting divides a disk into sectors that can be read and written to by adding headers, data, and trailers. Logical formatting then creates a file system by adding data structures to map free and allocated space. Disks can also be used as raw disks without a file system for things like swap space. Boot blocks contain bootstrap programs to initialize the system and load the operating system from a fixed location on the boot disk. Disk controllers can manage bad blocks by marking them or replacing them with spare sectors.
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The document discusses various components of a computer system including input devices like voice recognition and handwriting recognition, output devices like printers and monitors, storage devices like hard drives and CD-ROMs, the central processing unit consisting of the processor and memory, and how data like text, numbers, graphics and programs are represented and stored in binary format in the computer's memory.
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1. The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It describes the basic parts of a computer including the CPU, RAM, hard drive, optical drives, and other components.
2. Input devices are described as any hardware that allows data to enter the computer. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, microphones, and cameras. Output devices display or communicate data from the computer, such as monitors, printers, and speakers.
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Disk Management enables you to perform most disk-related tasks without shutting down the system or interrupting users; most configuration changes take effect immediately.
Simplified tasks and intuitive user interface. Disk Management is easy to use. Menus that are accessible from the right mouse button display the tasks you can perform on the selected object, and wizards guide you through creating partitions or volumes and initializing or converting disks.
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The document discusses the history and development of computing machines from ancient times to modern computers. It describes how early calculating devices like the abacus evolved into programmable looms and machines using punch cards to store data. Konrad Zuse then built the first binary computer in the 1930s. The first general-purpose electronic computers were developed in the 1940s, leading to the first generation of computers. Transistors were introduced in the 1950s for the second generation. Integrated circuits allowed for smaller, more powerful computers beginning in the 1960s as the third generation. The fourth generation from the 1970s onward saw the development of microchips, personal computers, networks and the Internet.
Computer Systems.pdf
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to computer systems and the Java programming language. It discusses hardware components like the CPU and memory and how they work together. It also covers software categories, digital representation of data, binary numbers, memory storage, and computer specifications. Additionally, it introduces computer networks and the internet, the World Wide Web, problem solving approaches, the structure of Java programs, and basic Java concepts like comments, identifiers, and reserved words.
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The document provides an overview of computer systems, explaining the basic hardware components of a computer like the CPU and memory, as well as software categories. It describes how digital information is represented and stored using binary numbers. Various computer specifications are also defined, such as memory size, CPU speed, monitor resolution, and modem transfer rate.
Java Software Solution Chapter 1: Computer Systems Chapter 1: Computer Systems
Java Software Solutions
Foundations of Program Design
Second Edition
by John Lewis and William Loftus
Java Software Solutions is published by Addison-Wesley
Presentation slides are copyright 2000 by John Lewis and William Loftus. All rights reserved.
Instructors using the textbook may use and modify these slides for pedagogical purposes.
slides01.ppt
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to computer systems and the Java programming language. It discusses hardware components like the CPU and memory and how they work together. It also covers software categories, digital representation of data, binary numbers, memory storage, and computer specifications. Additionally, it introduces computer networks and the Internet, the World Wide Web, problem solving in programming, the structure of Java programs, and basic Java concepts like comments, identifiers, and reserved words.
slides01.ppt
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to computer systems and the Java programming language. It discusses hardware components like the CPU and memory and how they work together. It also covers software categories, digital representation of data, binary numbers, memory storage, and computer specifications. Additionally, it introduces computer networks and the Internet, the World Wide Web, problem solving in programming, the structure of Java programs, and basic Java concepts like comments, identifiers, and reserved words.
History of computer
Charles Babbage invented the first mechanical computer in the early 1800s to automate complex calculations. His analytical engine design included general purpose programmability, stored programs in memory, and a branching capability. Ada Lovelace wrote algorithms for the analytical engine, making her the first computer programmer. Later computers were developed using vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits and microprocessors. Computer generations progressed from mechanical to vacuum tube, transistor-based, integrated circuit-based and today's microprocessor-based computers. Hardware refers to physical components like the case, CPU, memory and I/O devices. Software includes operating systems and application programs that run on hardware.
23UCAFC11 Programming in C.pdf (MTNC)(BCA)
The document provides information on the characteristics, history, generations, classifications, components, and functioning of computers. It discusses the key characteristics of computers as speed, accuracy, diligence, storage capability, and versatility. It then outlines the history of computing from early mechanical calculating devices to the development of modern digital computers. The document also describes the five generations of computers based on the underlying hardware technology used. It classifies computers by size and function into microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers. It then explains the basic components of a computer system as hardware, software, data, and users. Finally, it details the central processing unit and how it processes input data.
Dtlp 1 introduction to computer
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates data through processing. It can store, retrieve, and process information. Computers have hardware components that can be touched like processors and memory, as well as software programs like operating systems and applications. Information sent to a computer is input, which is processed and then output in some form like on a screen. Storage devices are used to permanently or temporarily hold data and come in primary and secondary forms. Computers have evolved through generations from early vacuum tube machines to today's integrated circuit computers and beyond to artificial intelligence.
History
The document discusses the history and evolution of computer technology from mechanical computers in the 1600s to the development of integrated circuits, microprocessors, personal computing, and the internet. It covers the progression from machine language to assembly languages to high-level languages like FORTRAN, BASIC, and C to make programming easier. The five generations of computers are defined based on major technological breakthroughs in components like vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and parallel processing.
Unit 1 one part introduction to computers
This document provides an introduction to computers, including:
- The definition and features of computers such as speed, accuracy, memory.
- An overview of computer generations from vacuum tubes to modern computers.
- The basic components of a computer system including the CPU, memory, storage, and input/output devices.
- A brief history of early computers and pioneers like Babbage and their contributions to the development of modern computers.
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Java Software Solution Chapter 1: Computer Systems Chapter 1: Computer Systems
Java Software Solution Chapter 1: Computer Systems Chapter 1: Computer Systems
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Chapter 01
- 2. 1 History of Computers Development of computers began with many early inventions: The abacus helped early societies perform computations (c. 3000 B.C.) The Pascaline used moveable dials to add numbers with up to eight digits (1642).
- 3. 1 Nineteenth-Century Inventions The nineteenth century brought further inventions: Charles Babbage’s Difference Engine and later his Analytical Engine defined many basic components of today’s computers. The arithometer (1820) performed four basic mathematical functions: + - * /. Herman Hollerith developed a system to aid in tabulating data from the 1890 U.S. Census using punch cards.
- 4. 1 First-Generation Computers During World War II, the first generation of modern computers was introduced: Colossus was developed in England to decode encrypted German messages. ENIAC was developed in the U.S. to calculate ballistic missile trajectories. EDVAC was designed by John Von Neumann and it featured a central processing unit. UNIVAC was the first commercially available computing device.
- 5. 1 Second-Generation Computers The second generation of computers (c. 1956) was marked by: A shift from bulky vacuum tubes to transistors. A shift in programming from physically rerouting cables to “software” stored on punch cards and tape storage. The emergence of machine and assembly languages.
- 6. 1 Third-Generation Computers With the invention of integrated circuits (ICs), computers became smaller and more powerful. ICs: Are smaller than transistors Produce less heat Allow multiple components to fit on a smaller chip
- 7. 1 Fourth-Generation Computers Computers became smaller and more affordable, and available to small businesses and individuals. MITS Altair 8800 (1974) Apple I, II Commodore PET IBM PC (1981) Macintosh (1984)
- 8. 1 What is computerhardware? Computer hardware are the physical components of the computer.
- 9. 1 Input/Output Devices Input/Output devices provide communication between user and hardware. Input Devices Keyboard Mouse Scanner Output Devices Monitor Speakers Printer
- 10. 1 Processors and Memory Central Processing Unit (CPU) Performs basic functions, millions and billions of times per second (brains of the computer) Random-Access Memory Stores data used by the CPU (before and after processing)
- 11. 1 Data Storage Data storage uses a variety of media. Capacity is measured in bits and bytes: A bit represents the on or off state of a transistor (symbolized by a 1 or a 0). A byte is eight bits. A kilobyte is 210 or 1,024 bytes. A megabyte is 1,048,576 bytes.
- 12. 1 Hard Drives The hard drive is the primary storage device in a computer. Hard drives are: Long term, rewritable storage Large capacity Inexpensive Fixed media (relatively difficult to move from one computer to another)
- 13. 1 Removable Media Some storage devices are more portable: CD/DVD Medium capacity Inexpensive Easy to transport from one computer to another Flash, Zip, USB drives Differing capacities Differing price per MB
- 14. 1 ComputerSoftware Software can be divided into two categories: Systems software includes operating systems, compilers, and utilities. Application software runs on top of an operating system.
- 15. 1 What is an operating system? An operating system (OS) manages the hardware and software on a computer system. An OS: Manages memory and hardware resources Allocates resources to applications Provides a consistent interface for applications
- 16. 1 Operating Systems UNIX/Linux Multiuser OS Multitasking Runs on many types of hardware Modular tools Mac OS First mainstream graphical user interface Icons (pictures) and mouse replaced command line interface DOS/Windows DOS gained popularity with first PCs Windows provided graphical interface to DOS Windows later separated itself from DOS underpinnings
- 17. 1 Applications Desktop Software Installed on single computer Most common type of application in use today Web-Based Software Runs on a Web server, accessed through a browser Accessible anywhere one has access to the Internet Web Services Allow applications to communicate with each other without user intervention
- 18. 1 Low-Level Languages Low-level programming languages use simple commands to communicate with the CPU: Machine language (most basic language of the CPU) Assembly language (human readable, but close to machine language)
- 19. 1 High-Level Languages High-level languages can be procedural or object-oriented: Procedural languages use a step-by-step process to solve a problem. Basic, Pascal, C Object-oriented languages model problems using objects that correspond to real-world counterparts. Smalltalk, C++, Java
- 20. 1 Software Development Process Software development usually follows these basic steps: Analysis Design Implementation Testing Deployment Maintenance