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Chapter 1:  Computer Systems Presentation slides for Java Software Solutions for AP* Computer Science by John Lewis, William Loftus, and Cara Cocking Java Software Solutions is published by Addison-Wesley Presentation slides are copyright 2003 by John Lewis, William Loftus, and Cara Cocking. All rights reserved. Instructors using the textbook may use and modify these slides for pedagogical purposes. *AP is a registered trademark of The College Entrance Examination Board which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Computer Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hardware and Software ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CPU and Main Memory Central Processing Unit Chip that executes program commands Intel Pentium 4 or Sun ultraSPARC III Processor Primary storage area for programs and data that are in active use Synonymous with RAM Main Memory
Secondary Memory Devices Main Memory Central Processing Unit Secondary memory devices provide long-term storage Information is moved between main memory and secondary memory as needed Hard disks Floppy disks ZIP disks Writable CDs Tapes Floppy Disk Hard Disk
Input / Output Devices Main Memory Central Processing Unit I/O devices facilitate user interaction Monitor screen Keyboard Mouse Joystick Bar code scanner Touch screen Monitor Keyboard Floppy Disk Hard Disk
Software Categories ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Analog vs. Digital ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Digital Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Representing Text Digitally ,[object Object],[object Object],H i ,  H e a t h e r . 72  105  44  32  72  101  97  116  104  101  114  46
Binary Numbers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bit Permutations Each additional bit doubles the number of possible permutations 1 bit 0 1 2 bits 00 01 10 11 3 bits 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 4 bits 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111
Bit Permutations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2 1   =  2 items 2 2   =  4 items 2 3   =  8 items 2 4   =  16 items 2 5   =  32 items 1 bit ? 2 bits ? 3 bits ? 4 bits ? 5 bits ? How many items can be represented by
A Computer Specification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Memory Main memory is divided into many memory locations (or  cells ) 9278 9279 9280 9281 9282 9283 9284 9285 9286 Each memory cell has a numeric  address , which uniquely identifies it
Storing Information 10011010 9278 9279 9280 9281 9282 9283 9284 9285 9286 Large values are stored in consecutive memory locations Each memory cell stores a set number of bits (usually 8 bits, or one  byte )
Storage Capacity ,[object Object],[object Object],KB 2 10   =  1024 MB 2 20   (over 1 million) GB 2 30   (over 1 billion) TB 2 40   (over 1 trillion) Unit Symbol Number of Bytes kilobyte megabyte gigabyte terabyte
Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RAM vs. ROM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Compact Discs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DVDs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Central Processing Unit ,[object Object],[object Object],fetch Retrieve an instruction from main memory decode Determine what the instruction is execute Carry out the instruction
The Central Processing Unit ,[object Object],Arithmetic / Logic Unit Registers Control Unit Small storage areas Performs calculations and makes decisions Coordinates processing steps
The Central Processing Unit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monitor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Modem ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Networks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Network Connections ,[object Object],[object Object],This technique is not practical for more than a few close machines Adding a computer requires a new communication line for each computer already in the network
Network Connections ,[object Object],[object Object],Network traffic must take turns using the line, which introduces delays Often information is broken down in parts, called  packets , which are sent to the receiving machine and then reassembled
Local-Area Networks A  Local-Area Network (LAN) covers a small distance and a small number of computers A LAN often connects the machines in a single room or building LAN
Wide-Area Networks A  Wide-Area Network  (WAN) connects two or more LANs, often over long distances A LAN usually is owned by one organization, but a WAN often connects groups in different  countries LAN LAN
The Internet ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TCP/IP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IP and Internet Addresses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Domain Names ,[object Object],edu com org net -  educational institution -  commercial entity -  non-profit organization -  network-based organization Sometimes the suffix indicates the country: New TLDs have recently been added: biz, info, tv, name uk au ca se -  United Kingdom -  Australia -  Canada -  Sweden
Domain Names ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The World Wide Web ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The World Wide Web ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problem Solving ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problem Solving ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Java ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Java Program Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Java Program Structure public class MyProgram { } //  comments about the class class header class body Comments can be placed almost anywhere
Java Program Structure public class MyProgram { } public static void main (String[] args) { } //  comments about the class //  comments about the method method header method body
Comments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],// this comment runs to the end of the line /*  this comment runs to the terminating symbol, even across line breaks  */ /** this is a  javadoc  comment  */
Identifiers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Identifiers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reserved Words ,[object Object],abstract boolean break byte case catch char class const continue default do double else extends false final finally float for goto if implements import instanceof int interface long native new null package private protected public return short static strictfp super switch synchronized this throw throws transient true try void volatile while
White Space ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Language Levels ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Programming Languages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Java Translation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Java Translation Java source code Machine code Java bytecode Java interpreter Bytecode compiler Java compiler
Development Environments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Syntax and Semantics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Errors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basic Program Development Edit and save program Compile program Execute program and evaluate results errors errors
Introduction to Graphics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Representing Color ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Coordinate Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],(112, 40) 112 40 Y X (0, 0)
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Ap Power Point Chpt1

  • 1. Chapter 1: Computer Systems Presentation slides for Java Software Solutions for AP* Computer Science by John Lewis, William Loftus, and Cara Cocking Java Software Solutions is published by Addison-Wesley Presentation slides are copyright 2003 by John Lewis, William Loftus, and Cara Cocking. All rights reserved. Instructors using the textbook may use and modify these slides for pedagogical purposes. *AP is a registered trademark of The College Entrance Examination Board which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
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  • 4. CPU and Main Memory Central Processing Unit Chip that executes program commands Intel Pentium 4 or Sun ultraSPARC III Processor Primary storage area for programs and data that are in active use Synonymous with RAM Main Memory
  • 5. Secondary Memory Devices Main Memory Central Processing Unit Secondary memory devices provide long-term storage Information is moved between main memory and secondary memory as needed Hard disks Floppy disks ZIP disks Writable CDs Tapes Floppy Disk Hard Disk
  • 6. Input / Output Devices Main Memory Central Processing Unit I/O devices facilitate user interaction Monitor screen Keyboard Mouse Joystick Bar code scanner Touch screen Monitor Keyboard Floppy Disk Hard Disk
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  • 12. Bit Permutations Each additional bit doubles the number of possible permutations 1 bit 0 1 2 bits 00 01 10 11 3 bits 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 4 bits 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111
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  • 15. Memory Main memory is divided into many memory locations (or cells ) 9278 9279 9280 9281 9282 9283 9284 9285 9286 Each memory cell has a numeric address , which uniquely identifies it
  • 16. Storing Information 10011010 9278 9279 9280 9281 9282 9283 9284 9285 9286 Large values are stored in consecutive memory locations Each memory cell stores a set number of bits (usually 8 bits, or one byte )
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  • 30. Local-Area Networks A Local-Area Network (LAN) covers a small distance and a small number of computers A LAN often connects the machines in a single room or building LAN
  • 31. Wide-Area Networks A Wide-Area Network (WAN) connects two or more LANs, often over long distances A LAN usually is owned by one organization, but a WAN often connects groups in different countries LAN LAN
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  • 43. Java Program Structure public class MyProgram { } // comments about the class class header class body Comments can be placed almost anywhere
  • 44. Java Program Structure public class MyProgram { } public static void main (String[] args) { } // comments about the class // comments about the method method header method body
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  • 53. Java Translation Java source code Machine code Java bytecode Java interpreter Bytecode compiler Java compiler
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  • 57. Basic Program Development Edit and save program Compile program Execute program and evaluate results errors errors
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