The document provides an introduction to computers including definitions, components, and uses. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, process the data, and produce information as output based on stored instructions. The key components are identified as the input devices, central processing unit, memory, output devices, and storage devices. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mice, and scanners, while monitors and printers are identified as common output devices. The document then discusses the various types of computers from microcomputers to mainframes and supercomputers as well as their characteristics and uses.
Computer technology has evolved greatly over time. Early computers used vacuum tubes, were enormous in size, and had limited capabilities. Modern computers now use integrated circuits, are much smaller and more powerful due to increased processing speeds. They have vast storage capacities and can perform a wide range of tasks through the use of software programs. Continued innovation is bringing computers closer to artificial intelligence capabilities.
Bba i-introduction to computer-u-1-computer hardware systemRai University
This document provides information about the history and generations of computers. It discusses:
- The first generation of computers from 1949-1955 used vacuum tubes and machine language. Examples include ENIAC and EDVAC.
- The second generation from 1956-1965 used transistors instead of vacuum tubes, developed core memory, and had programming in machine and assembly languages.
- The third generation from 1966-1975 replaced transistors with integrated circuits, which made computers smaller, faster, and more reliable with programming in high-level languages.
- The fourth generation from 1976-present used microprocessors and saw development of portable computers, data communication, and storage technologies like hard disks and CD-ROMs.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including:
1. It defines a computer and outlines its history from early counting aids to modern programmable computers.
2. It identifies important characteristics of computers like speed, accuracy, storage, and versatility.
3. It describes the main types of computers based on operational principles and size - analog, digital, hybrid, microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers.
4. It gives examples of applications of computers in various fields like healthcare, business, banking, education, engineering and more.
Introduction to Basic Computer Concepts PresentationAna Tan
The document discusses the history and evolution of computers from early calculating aids like the abacus to modern computers. It describes inventions like the Pascaline, the first mechanical calculator, the Difference Engine, an early mechanical computer, and the ENIAC, one of the first general-purpose electronic computers. It then discusses the development of personal computers starting in the 1970s and the introduction of devices like the Apple I, IBM PC, and early netbooks.
The document discusses the components and functions of a basic computer system. It explains that a computer consists of hardware and software. The hardware includes components like the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, input devices, output devices, and other external devices. The software includes operating systems, application software, and utility software. A computer performs four basic functions - input, processing, output, and storage. It takes in data through input devices, processes the data using programs, produces output through output devices, and stores processed data and instructions in memory and storage.
Basic_Computer_Skills, A_seminar_by_Mohan_Kumar_G_LecturerMohan Kumar G
This document provides an introduction to basic computer skills. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can be programmed to perform high-speed mathematical and logical operations. The document then discusses the key characteristics of computers, including their speed, accuracy, diligence, versatility, and ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. It also covers the history of computing devices from early calculating machines to modern electronic computers and summarizes the five generations of computers from the first generation that used vacuum tubes to today's fifth generation computers.
This document provides an introduction to computers. It defines a computer as an electronic device that takes input, processes it, and provides output. It describes the main types of computers as analog, digital, and hybrid. It also classifies computers by size as supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. The document outlines the key characteristics, parts, and common uses of computers. The parts discussed are hardware, software, and different input, output, and storage devices. Uses mentioned include applications at home, education, hospitals, government, and business.
The document provides an introduction to computers including definitions, components, and uses. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, process the data, and produce information as output based on stored instructions. The key components are identified as the input devices, central processing unit, memory, output devices, and storage devices. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mice, and scanners, while monitors and printers are identified as common output devices. The document then discusses the various types of computers from microcomputers to mainframes and supercomputers as well as their characteristics and uses.
Computer technology has evolved greatly over time. Early computers used vacuum tubes, were enormous in size, and had limited capabilities. Modern computers now use integrated circuits, are much smaller and more powerful due to increased processing speeds. They have vast storage capacities and can perform a wide range of tasks through the use of software programs. Continued innovation is bringing computers closer to artificial intelligence capabilities.
Bba i-introduction to computer-u-1-computer hardware systemRai University
This document provides information about the history and generations of computers. It discusses:
- The first generation of computers from 1949-1955 used vacuum tubes and machine language. Examples include ENIAC and EDVAC.
- The second generation from 1956-1965 used transistors instead of vacuum tubes, developed core memory, and had programming in machine and assembly languages.
- The third generation from 1966-1975 replaced transistors with integrated circuits, which made computers smaller, faster, and more reliable with programming in high-level languages.
- The fourth generation from 1976-present used microprocessors and saw development of portable computers, data communication, and storage technologies like hard disks and CD-ROMs.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including:
1. It defines a computer and outlines its history from early counting aids to modern programmable computers.
2. It identifies important characteristics of computers like speed, accuracy, storage, and versatility.
3. It describes the main types of computers based on operational principles and size - analog, digital, hybrid, microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers.
4. It gives examples of applications of computers in various fields like healthcare, business, banking, education, engineering and more.
Introduction to Basic Computer Concepts PresentationAna Tan
The document discusses the history and evolution of computers from early calculating aids like the abacus to modern computers. It describes inventions like the Pascaline, the first mechanical calculator, the Difference Engine, an early mechanical computer, and the ENIAC, one of the first general-purpose electronic computers. It then discusses the development of personal computers starting in the 1970s and the introduction of devices like the Apple I, IBM PC, and early netbooks.
The document discusses the components and functions of a basic computer system. It explains that a computer consists of hardware and software. The hardware includes components like the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, input devices, output devices, and other external devices. The software includes operating systems, application software, and utility software. A computer performs four basic functions - input, processing, output, and storage. It takes in data through input devices, processes the data using programs, produces output through output devices, and stores processed data and instructions in memory and storage.
Basic_Computer_Skills, A_seminar_by_Mohan_Kumar_G_LecturerMohan Kumar G
This document provides an introduction to basic computer skills. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can be programmed to perform high-speed mathematical and logical operations. The document then discusses the key characteristics of computers, including their speed, accuracy, diligence, versatility, and ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. It also covers the history of computing devices from early calculating machines to modern electronic computers and summarizes the five generations of computers from the first generation that used vacuum tubes to today's fifth generation computers.
This document provides an introduction to computers. It defines a computer as an electronic device that takes input, processes it, and provides output. It describes the main types of computers as analog, digital, and hybrid. It also classifies computers by size as supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. The document outlines the key characteristics, parts, and common uses of computers. The parts discussed are hardware, software, and different input, output, and storage devices. Uses mentioned include applications at home, education, hospitals, government, and business.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including:
- Definitions of a computer as a machine that can perform calculations and logical operations at high speeds.
- The advantages of computers like speed, accuracy, large storage capacity, versatility, and ability to work continuously without tiring.
- A brief history of early mechanical calculating devices and how programmable computers evolved through the use of vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits and networking.
- The five generations of computers defined by their underlying technology from vacuum tubes to parallel processing and artificial intelligence.
- Different types of computers like analog, digital, general purpose, special purpose, hybrid, and classifications based on features.
- That hardware refers
This document provides an overview of computers and their components. It defines a computer as an electronic machine made up of hardware and software. The main components are the central processing unit, memory, storage, input devices, and output devices. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, and scanners, while common output devices are monitors and printers. The document also categorizes different types of computers from supercomputers to personal computers and laptops.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of computers and information systems. It defines key concepts like data, information, and computer components. The document outlines the history of calculating devices from ancient abacuses to modern computers. It describes the basic units of a computer including input, output, storage, and processing units. Finally, it discusses computer software and operating systems, defining important terms and classifying different types of operating systems.
This document provides an overview of computer components and how they work. It describes the main types of computers as microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers. It then explains the basic components of a computer system including input devices like keyboards and mice, processing devices like the CPU, output devices like monitors and printers, and storage devices like RAM, ROM, hard disks, CDs/DVDs. It outlines the basic functions of computers as taking input, processing it, and providing output. Finally, it distinguishes between application software like word processors and system software like operating systems.
A computer processes data into useful information through programmed instructions. It consists of hardware components like the CPU, keyboard, and printer, as well as software like operating systems, utility programs, and applications. The hardware is the tangible equipment, while software provides instructions to the hardware. System software controls computer operations and interfaces with hardware, while application software performs specific tasks for users. People also interact with computers as users and personnel with roles like students, technicians and teachers.
The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of computers from the 1800s to present day. It discusses early mechanical calculating devices, followed by the development of vacuum tube-based computers in the 1940s-1950s. Transistor-based computers of the 1950s-1960s were smaller and more reliable. Integrated circuits were introduced in the 1960s-1970s, allowing for smaller and more powerful computers. Microprocessors were developed in the 1970s, leading to personal computers. The document also covers classifications of computers and their components.
This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals and organization. It discusses the definition of a computer, its characteristics and history. It describes the evolution of computers through generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits. It also outlines the basic components of a computer system including the CPU, memory, I/O devices and software. The CPU is described in more detail including its main components like ALU, control unit and registers.
This document provides an overview of basic computer skills and Windows terminology. It covers the fundamentals of computers including components, memory, types, generations and applications. It also defines common Windows terms like the start button, desktop, icons and taskbar. The document contains sections on input/output/processing, memory devices, characteristics of computers and basic keys and their functions in Windows. It provides a high-level introduction to core computer and Windows concepts.
Understanding Computers - Introduction to ComputersGufranAhmadJU
A computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes that data, and outputs results. It can perform four main operations: input, processing, output, and storage. Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer like keyboards, monitors, and printers. Software refers to programs and instructions that tell the hardware what to do. There are different types of computers including personal computers, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. Computers use binary digits or bits to represent digital data like text, numbers, images, audio, and video.
The document discusses the five generations of computers based on the underlying technologies used. The first generation used vacuum tube technology, while the second generation introduced transistor technology. The third generation was based on integrated circuit (IC) technology, and the fourth generation used microchip technology. The fifth generation aims to develop computers with human-like thinking capabilities using technologies like ultra-large-scale integrated circuits and artificial intelligence. The document also covers other classification methods of computers like by purpose, size, and operating principles.
Computer Basics | Computer Fundamental and OrganizationSmit Luvani
It's all about how old computer look, how they more implement and how it works?
Covered Topic :
Simple Computer Model
Characteristics of Computer
Generation of Computer
Stored Program Concept: Vonn-Neumann Architecture
Introduction to computer according to veta curicullumSteven Alphonce
this notes prepared to enable the trainee to describe computer system,Describe connection ports,procedures for connecting peripherals to micro-computer system and test the system
A computer is a programmable machine that performs arithmetic and logical operations on input provided by the user to produce output. It has hardware components like the CPU and memory that execute instructions, as well as software programs. A computer is fast, accurate, can store large amounts of data, and work diligently for long periods without breaks. It has no intelligence or feelings. An operating system coordinates between the user and hardware and allows programs to run. Common functions of operating systems include task scheduling, memory management, and handling input/output.
A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information.
This document provides an overview of an introductory lesson on information technology (IT). It defines IT, outlines the objectives of the lesson, and describes the major components of a computer system including input, processing, output, memory, and control. It also defines common hardware, software, and IT terms. The document includes examples of different types of computers and uses of each. It concludes with a quick quiz to test understanding of key concepts covered.
BASIC COMPUTER, ABOUT COM, HISTORY OF COMPUTER AND SOFTWAREosamawajid
This document provides an outline for a mid-term exam course on computers. It covers the evolution of computers from the 1940s to present day, the generations of computers, computer hardware and software components, types of computers, and the importance of computers in various fields such as business, education, healthcare and more. Key topics include the invention of the earliest mechanical computers by Charles Babbage and ENIAC, the development of programming languages like BASIC, the introduction of transistors, integrated circuits and portable PCs, and the widespread use of computers in daily life today.
Charles Babbage is considered the father of computers. He designed the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine in the 1820s and 1830s, respectively, which provided a basis for modern computers. A computer processes data into information using hardware and software. Hardware is the physical components, while software contains instructions. Computers have evolved through five generations from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits to microprocessors and now artificial intelligence. Computers are versatile machines that can rapidly perform calculations with high accuracy and store large amounts of data.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including:
- Definitions of a computer as a machine that can perform calculations and logical operations at high speeds.
- The advantages of computers like speed, accuracy, large storage capacity, versatility, and ability to work continuously without tiring.
- A brief history of early mechanical calculating devices and how programmable computers evolved through the use of vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits and networking.
- The five generations of computers defined by their underlying technology from vacuum tubes to parallel processing and artificial intelligence.
- Different types of computers like analog, digital, general purpose, special purpose, hybrid, and classifications based on features.
- That hardware refers
This document provides an overview of computers and their components. It defines a computer as an electronic machine made up of hardware and software. The main components are the central processing unit, memory, storage, input devices, and output devices. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, and scanners, while common output devices are monitors and printers. The document also categorizes different types of computers from supercomputers to personal computers and laptops.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of computers and information systems. It defines key concepts like data, information, and computer components. The document outlines the history of calculating devices from ancient abacuses to modern computers. It describes the basic units of a computer including input, output, storage, and processing units. Finally, it discusses computer software and operating systems, defining important terms and classifying different types of operating systems.
This document provides an overview of computer components and how they work. It describes the main types of computers as microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers. It then explains the basic components of a computer system including input devices like keyboards and mice, processing devices like the CPU, output devices like monitors and printers, and storage devices like RAM, ROM, hard disks, CDs/DVDs. It outlines the basic functions of computers as taking input, processing it, and providing output. Finally, it distinguishes between application software like word processors and system software like operating systems.
A computer processes data into useful information through programmed instructions. It consists of hardware components like the CPU, keyboard, and printer, as well as software like operating systems, utility programs, and applications. The hardware is the tangible equipment, while software provides instructions to the hardware. System software controls computer operations and interfaces with hardware, while application software performs specific tasks for users. People also interact with computers as users and personnel with roles like students, technicians and teachers.
The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of computers from the 1800s to present day. It discusses early mechanical calculating devices, followed by the development of vacuum tube-based computers in the 1940s-1950s. Transistor-based computers of the 1950s-1960s were smaller and more reliable. Integrated circuits were introduced in the 1960s-1970s, allowing for smaller and more powerful computers. Microprocessors were developed in the 1970s, leading to personal computers. The document also covers classifications of computers and their components.
This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals and organization. It discusses the definition of a computer, its characteristics and history. It describes the evolution of computers through generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits. It also outlines the basic components of a computer system including the CPU, memory, I/O devices and software. The CPU is described in more detail including its main components like ALU, control unit and registers.
This document provides an overview of basic computer skills and Windows terminology. It covers the fundamentals of computers including components, memory, types, generations and applications. It also defines common Windows terms like the start button, desktop, icons and taskbar. The document contains sections on input/output/processing, memory devices, characteristics of computers and basic keys and their functions in Windows. It provides a high-level introduction to core computer and Windows concepts.
Understanding Computers - Introduction to ComputersGufranAhmadJU
A computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes that data, and outputs results. It can perform four main operations: input, processing, output, and storage. Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer like keyboards, monitors, and printers. Software refers to programs and instructions that tell the hardware what to do. There are different types of computers including personal computers, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. Computers use binary digits or bits to represent digital data like text, numbers, images, audio, and video.
The document discusses the five generations of computers based on the underlying technologies used. The first generation used vacuum tube technology, while the second generation introduced transistor technology. The third generation was based on integrated circuit (IC) technology, and the fourth generation used microchip technology. The fifth generation aims to develop computers with human-like thinking capabilities using technologies like ultra-large-scale integrated circuits and artificial intelligence. The document also covers other classification methods of computers like by purpose, size, and operating principles.
Computer Basics | Computer Fundamental and OrganizationSmit Luvani
It's all about how old computer look, how they more implement and how it works?
Covered Topic :
Simple Computer Model
Characteristics of Computer
Generation of Computer
Stored Program Concept: Vonn-Neumann Architecture
Introduction to computer according to veta curicullumSteven Alphonce
this notes prepared to enable the trainee to describe computer system,Describe connection ports,procedures for connecting peripherals to micro-computer system and test the system
A computer is a programmable machine that performs arithmetic and logical operations on input provided by the user to produce output. It has hardware components like the CPU and memory that execute instructions, as well as software programs. A computer is fast, accurate, can store large amounts of data, and work diligently for long periods without breaks. It has no intelligence or feelings. An operating system coordinates between the user and hardware and allows programs to run. Common functions of operating systems include task scheduling, memory management, and handling input/output.
A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information.
This document provides an overview of an introductory lesson on information technology (IT). It defines IT, outlines the objectives of the lesson, and describes the major components of a computer system including input, processing, output, memory, and control. It also defines common hardware, software, and IT terms. The document includes examples of different types of computers and uses of each. It concludes with a quick quiz to test understanding of key concepts covered.
BASIC COMPUTER, ABOUT COM, HISTORY OF COMPUTER AND SOFTWAREosamawajid
This document provides an outline for a mid-term exam course on computers. It covers the evolution of computers from the 1940s to present day, the generations of computers, computer hardware and software components, types of computers, and the importance of computers in various fields such as business, education, healthcare and more. Key topics include the invention of the earliest mechanical computers by Charles Babbage and ENIAC, the development of programming languages like BASIC, the introduction of transistors, integrated circuits and portable PCs, and the widespread use of computers in daily life today.
Charles Babbage is considered the father of computers. He designed the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine in the 1820s and 1830s, respectively, which provided a basis for modern computers. A computer processes data into information using hardware and software. Hardware is the physical components, while software contains instructions. Computers have evolved through five generations from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits to microprocessors and now artificial intelligence. Computers are versatile machines that can rapidly perform calculations with high accuracy and store large amounts of data.
This document provides an introduction to PC troubleshooting. It outlines the course breakdown including assignments, quizzes, tests and exams. It also covers various areas that will be taught such as assembling a computer, installing an operating system, hardware and software troubleshooting, and preventative maintenance. The document then provides a history of computers from the abacus to modern computers. It discusses input, processing, output, storage and the information processing cycle. Finally, it outlines different types of computers including desktops, notebooks, servers, minicomputers and mainframes.
This document provides an overview of information technology concepts across five units:
Unit I introduces computers, including the development of generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits. A computer is defined as an electronic device that processes data under a stored program.
Unit II covers operating systems, their functions and types, including commands, graphical user interfaces, and security issues like viruses and cryptography.
Unit III discusses word processing software, including menus, creating and editing documents, and mail merge.
Unit IV covers spreadsheets, including creating and formatting worksheets, formulas, functions, and data analysis tools.
Unit V reviews presentation software, including creating and formatting slides, templates, and multimedia elements like objects and charts.
The document defines what a computer is and provides details about how it works. It can be summarized as:
1) A computer is a device that processes data according to instructions to convert it into information. It works through an input-processing-storage-output cycle.
2) Computers are popular due to their speed, large storage capacity, reliability, and adaptability. They are now used in many fields.
3) Computer hardware includes input devices, a processing unit, storage devices, and output devices. The processing unit contains a control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory unit and uses a fetch-decode-execute-store machine cycle.
A computer is an electronic device that accepts data and instructions, stores the information in its memory, processes the data, and provides results to the user. It has huge data storage capabilities and can perform input, output, and processing functions. Computers come in various forms for individual and organizational use and have advanced significantly over generations due to improvements in technology. They work by defining problems, analyzing and designing solutions, coding programs, debugging errors, testing programs, and documenting the work. Computer languages include low-level languages close to machine code and high-level languages that are easier for humans to read and write.
Computer Science | Fundaments of ComputerFidgetSpiner
Computer is an electronic device that takes in raw data as input, processes it according to programmed instructions, and outputs the results. It can perform both numerical and logical operations. The basic components of a computer system are hardware, software, and a user. Hardware refers to the physical parts, software provides intelligence through programs, and the user operates the computer. Computers have progressed through generations from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits, decreasing in size and heat production over time. Current and future computers may utilize artificial intelligence, parallel processing, and quantum technologies.
1. A computer is an electronic device that performs tasks by executing instructions from users or programs. It processes data, performs calculations, stores information, and communicates with other devices.
2. A computer's basic architecture consists of input devices, a central processing unit (CPU), memory, output devices, and storage devices interconnected via a motherboard and bus system. The CPU executes instructions and performs calculations using an arithmetic logic unit, while the control unit coordinates activities.
3. Computers have progressed through five generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits and microprocessors. Programming languages have also evolved from machine language to high-level languages like C++ and Python.
The document provides an introduction to computers including definitions, components, evolution, and types of software. It defines a computer as a device that takes in raw data, processes it under a set of instructions, and provides an output. The main components are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and software. It then discusses the evolution of computers through five generations from 1940 to the present, driven by advances in vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors. The document also covers operating systems, programming languages, types of software including system software, application software and utility software.
1) A computer is an electronic machine that accepts data as input, processes it, and generates output. It can perform both simple and complex operations quickly and accurately.
2) Computers have two basic parts - hardware which are the physical components, and software which are sets of instructions.
3) Computers have evolved through five generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits to microprocessors. Modern computers are classified based on their size and use.
This document provides an overview of computers, including:
1. It defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it, and provides the desired output. The basic functions of a computer are input, processing, output, storage, and control.
2. Early calculating devices included the abacus and Napier's bones. Modern computers have evolved from machines like Pascal's calculator through generations using different technologies like vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors.
3. Computers are classified based on their size and capabilities as microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers. The basic components of a computer are the input, output, central processing unit
The document provides a syllabus for an Agri-Informatics course. The theory section covers topics like operating systems, MS Office applications, databases, computer programming, e-agriculture, geospatial technology, and decision support systems. The practical section involves using software like MS Word, Excel, and Access, as well as introducing programming languages and hands-on experience with crop simulation models, nutrient computation tools, and decision support systems. Students will also learn about computer hardware, file management, and geospatial technology.
This document provides an introduction to computer systems and the evolution of computers. It discusses the objectives of understanding computer systems and their components. It describes how computers have evolved from early mechanical calculators and machines using vacuum tubes to modern computers using integrated circuits. The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes, punched cards and paper tape for input/output, and magnetic storage. They were large, expensive machines. The second generation introduced transistors, assembly languages, stored programs, and high-level languages. It helped make computers smaller and more affordable.
This document provides an introduction to computer systems. It discusses the evolution of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the present generation using integrated circuits and microprocessors. It describes the key characteristics of each generation as computers progressed from room-sized machines to today's compact personal computers. The document also covers the basic components and functions of a computer system, including hardware, software, data processing, and input/output. Finally, it discusses different classifications of computers such as analog vs. digital, general purpose vs. special purpose, and sizes ranging from microcomputers to mini and mainframe computers.
This document provides information about computer fundamentals including:
- A brief history of computers from the abacus to modern computers.
- The basic components of a computer including input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, storage units, the central processing unit, and computer memory types.
- An overview of computer languages from machine language to modern graphical interfaces.
- Definitions of computer software including system software and application software.
- Details on computer memory including cache memory, primary/main memory, and secondary memory.
The document provides an overview of computer systems and their evolution over five generations from 1940 to the present. It discusses the components of a basic computer system including the central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and storage. It describes the evolution of computing devices from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation incorporating artificial intelligence. The input, output, and storage devices of each generation are outlined. The document also defines the basic units of computer memory.
Computers have evolved over five generations, with each generation bringing improvements in size, speed, reliability and cost. The first generation used vacuum tubes, punched cards and were very large, expensive and unreliable. The second generation introduced transistors, magnetic storage and were smaller and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits and were faster, cheaper and easier to use commercially. The fourth generation had microprocessors, semiconductor memory and were small and affordable. The fifth generation utilizes powerful desktop PCs, laptops, optical disks and internet support. Computers can be classified based on size, purpose, technology and historical development.
The document discusses various aspects of computer systems including:
1. It defines input devices, processors, storage devices, and output devices as the main components of computer hardware.
2. It explains that computer software includes system software like operating systems and utility programs, as well as application software for tasks like word processing.
3. It provides examples of different data storage units like kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes that are used to measure data and storage capacities.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
1. A computer is an electronic device.
It can perform varieties of operations
according to a set of instructions
(Program).
Computer is a data processor machine
that can perform numeric arithmetic
or logic operations and substantial
computation.
2. Computer is a device capable of
solving problems by accepting
data, performing described
operations on the data and
supplying the result of these
operations.
Various types of computer are
calculators, digital computers and
analog computers
3.
4.
5.
6. The discovery of zero by Indian
mathematicians laid the
foundation on number system.
The first manual counting device
was Abacus developed in n around
3000 BC used in China and later in
European countries.
7.
8. In early 17th Century John
Napier(Scotland)developed a
calculating device called Napier’s
Bones using a set of 7 rods with
numbers carved on them.
9.
10. In 1642, French physicist Blaise
Pascal designed n developed the
first mechanical calculator known
as Arithmetic Machine.
11.
12. In 1671, Leibnitz, a German
Mathematician invented the first
calculator which performed all the
four arithmetic operations.
In 1820, Charles Xavier Thomas
(France) developed a key driven
calculator.
13. In 1823, Charles Babbage (England)
developed first mechanical
computer called Differential
Engine and later Analytical Engine.
14.
15.
16. Lady Ada Lovelace developed the
binary number system for Babbage’s
machine.
In 1854, an English mathematician
George Boole, developed two state
algebra named as Boolean Algebra.
In 1880 keyboard machines were
originated in USA.
17. In the same year Dr Herman
Hollerith first put the punch card
techniques to use computation.
In 1890, he designed census
machine (a punched card device)
to process census data.
18.
19.
20. In 1911 the first keyboard calculator was
introduced by R Monrol.
The first electro-mechanical calculator was
designed in 1937. by Dr Howard Aiken
The first electro digital computer ABC was
developed by Dr John V Atansoff.
It was the first entirely electronic
computer.
23. Electronic Circuit: Vacuum Tubes
Storage: Mercury relay lines, Magnetic Drums
Programming Language: Machine Language, Symbolic
Language
Low storage Capacity: 1 kb-4kb
Cycle time was in milliseconds
Processing speed: 2000 IPS
Application: Scientific calculation, record keeping, pay
processing
Disadvantages: Heat and maintenance problem, expensive,
bulky and huge size, slow operation, low level of accuracy
and reliability, high power consumption
24. Features:
Use of semiconductor transistor
Data Storage: Magnetic core memory, Magnetic tape
High level programming language
Faster I/O, higher speed, smaller size
Computation time in microseconds
Large storage capacity
Disadvantage:
Air-conditioning required, frequent maintenance,
commercial production difficult, manually assembly
of components
25. Features:
Use of integrated circuit replacing transistors
Better storage and improved I/O devices(VDU, MIR, High
speed line printers etc)
Data storage: Solid state memory
High level programming language
Cycle time reduced to nanoseconds
Processing speed: 10 MIPS
Disadvantages:
Air-conditioning required, highly sophisticated technology
required for the manufacture of IC chips.
26. Features:
Electronic circuit- LSI, VLSI, VHSiC and
microprocessors.
Processing Speed- 1000 MIPS
Smallest size, very reliable
Cheapest among all generations
Disadvantage:
Complex Technology
27. Features:
Parallel structure
Will be multitasking simultaneously
Will not be algorithmic
Will be knowledge processing.
Applications will be based on expert systems
Very cheap with super speeds
Decision making capabilities
Disadvantage:
Highly sophisticated technology
29. Lack of intelligence
Lack of decision making power
Need of program, systems and languages
Data dependency
Zero IQ
Need of proper environment
Cost
Compatibility
Standardisation
30.
31. Hardware: The physical and tangible components
of the computer.
Ex: CPU, Printer, Mouse, Keyboard, Hard disks etc
Software: Software is the set of programs that
govern the operations of a computer system.
Procedure: The rules, regulations and methods
through which the computer responds to software.
User: Who operates computer HW and develop SW.
Data: Unprocessed raw facts and figures.
Connectivity: The system of connecting two or
more computers through phone, satellite,
microwave etc
33. Functions:
Input unit accepts data or reads data instruction
from user.
It converts data instruction into computer
acceptable form.
The converted instruction data passes to the
computer for processing.
Examples
Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Light pen, Touch
screen, scanner etc.
34. The CPU is considered to be the
brain of computer.
It performs data processing which
includes arithmetic operations,
logical operations and problem
solving.
Add to this it controls the
functions of all other units.
35. The CPU is subdivided into 3
units
Storage Unit
ALU
CU
36. Function:
The data and instructions that are entered
into the computer before processing and the
results produced by the computer after
processing must be stored inside the
computer.
The memory unit is responsible for storing
data, instructions and results.
It consists of a large number of cells each
capable of storing one unit of information
(word).
37. Functions:
The ALU performs all the basic
arithmetic operations and logical
operations.
The ALU is responsible for actual
execution of instruction during
process operation.
38. Function:
The control unit monitors and controls the
entire processing.
Whenever input reaches into memory the
CU determines what type of instruction it
and accordingly it instruct the ALU.
39. Functions:
Output unit accepts the result processed by
CPU in coded form.
It converts the coded results to human
acceptable form.
It produces the result to user.
Example:
Monitor, Printer, Plotter etc.
40. Software is a collection of computer
programs, procedures and documentation
It performs different tasks on a computer
system.
John Tukey in 1958 first used the term
software.
Types of computer software
System Software
Application Software
Utility Software
41. Function:
System Software controls internal computer operation
like reading data input devices, transmitted process
information to output device checking system
components, converting data or instruction to computer
understandable form.
Example:
DOS, Windows, BASIC, COBOL, PC TOOLS.
These software are developed by system programmers.
System software can be further divided into 3 types
System Management Software (OS, DBMSs, Operating
environments)
System Development Software (Language Translator,
CASE TOOLS etc)
System Software Utilities
42. Application software is a set of programs
necessary to carry out operations for a specified
program.
Application software are developed using system
software by application programmers.
Types:
Packages (Database management package, Word
Processors, Spreadsheets etc.)
Customized Software (Accounting, Inventory,
Production Management etc.)
43. An operating system makes the computer ready to use
by a process called booting.
When we switch on a computer, the instructions
stored in ROM are automatically executed.
These instructions help the computer load the OS
from external storage device to internal storage
(RAM).
This process of loading of OS from disk to RAM is
called booting.
Types of OS
Single - user OS
Multi - user OS
44. These operating systems are used for
computers having one terminal.
Examples:
MS-DOS (Microsoft Inc. 1981)
PC DOS (IBM)
OS/2 (jointly Microsoft Inc. and IBM)
Windows NT (Microsoft Inc. 32 bit
microprocessor)
OS/2 was the first OS that provided users with
GUI.
45. Multi user operating systems are used for
computers having many terminals.
Examples:
UNIX, NETWARE, MVS, OS/400, VMS and
Linux.
UNIX- developed by AT & T in 1969.
NETWARE: developed by Novell Inc.
MVS - (Multiple Virtual Storage)- developed
for IBM mainframes.
VMS - (Virtual Memory Storage)
Linux – the first free OS.
46. System software utilities support the
operation of the computer.
They provide many features which
includes
file management capabilities
data compression
diagnostic routines
virus detection and removal
text editing
performance monitoring
spooling.
47. File management utilities:
Norton Utilities and PC TOOLs
Data compression utilities:
PKZIP, PKUNZIP
Diagnostic utilities:
Norton Disk Detector, QAPlus, Disk Manager
Virus detection utilities:
SmartDog, Nashscan etc.
Text editing utilities:
Norton Editor
Performance and Monitoring utilities
QAPlus, PC TOOLs, Norton Utilities
Spooling (Simultaneous Peripheral Operations Online)