Presented by Tadelle Dessie at the Chicken Health for Development Project Launch Workshop, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 18 January 2011.

1. Poultry production in Ethiopia: an overview CH4D research team Presented by Tadelle Dessie Chicken Health 4 Development Project Launch ILRI, Addis Ababa 18 January 2011

20. Module III Measuring the genetic distance DNA Isolation Contents Introduction Past research and developement attempts Studies on the village system (1990‘s) What can we learn from past attempts Genomic DNA Whole blood 3 … n=25 1 2 Ecotype 1 Ecotype 7 . . .

22. Highlights of results a a a b b Contents Introduction Past research and developement attempts Studies on the village system (1990‘s) What can we learn from past attempts

25. Hen performance history and m easures to improve laying a a a b b Stimulated 76 eggs/year 50% of chicks died Non -stimulated 46 eggs/year Contents Introduction Past research and developement attempts Studies on the village system (1990‘s) What can we learn from past attempts

26. Input-output relationships Contents Introduction Past research and developement attempts Studies on the village system (1990‘s) What can we learn from past attempts Reproduction Sale Consumption Manure Output Market value Non-market value -Cleaning the environment -Socio-religious function -Tick control Foundation stock Replacement stock Grain supplements -SFRB Market value Non-market value Input

29. Mean live body weight ( + SE) of chicken ecotypes Contents Introduction Past research and developement attempts Studies on the village system (1990‘s) What can we learn from past attempts a d c b e e a c b b c c a c b b c c

30. Mean live body weight ( + SE) Contents Introduction Past research and developement attempts Studies on the village system (1990‘s) What can we learn from past attempts  36%  35%  39%  36%

31. Mean daily body weight gain and Feed Conversion Ratio 0 2 4 6 8 10 Tilili Horro Chefe Jarso Tepi Fayoumi Ecotype ADG (g) 0 2 4 6 8 10 FCR Average Daily Gain (ADG) Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) Contents Introduction Past research and developement attempts Studies on the village system (1990‘s) What can we learn from past attempts

32. Mean daily body weight gain and Feed Conversion Ratio 0 2 4 6 8 10 Tilili Horro Chefe Jarso Tepi Fayoumi Ecotype ADG (g) 0 2 4 6 8 10 FCR Average Daily Gain (ADG) Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) Contents Introduction Past research and developement attempts Studies on the village system (1990‘s) What can we learn from past attempts a c b bc d d

33. Mean daily body weight gain and Feed Conversion Ratio 0 2 4 6 8 10 Tilili Horro Chefe Jarso Tepi Fayoumi Ecotype ADG (g) 0 2 4 6 8 10 FCR Average Daily Gain (ADG) Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) Contents Introduction Past research and developement attempts Studies on the village system (1990‘s) What can we learn from past attempts a a b b a a

34. Coefficients of variation (%) of live body weight (Animal-level) Contents Introduction Past research and developement attempts Studies on the village system (1990‘s) What can we learn from past attempts 22-37 %

35. Mean Heterozygosity levels (gene diversity level) Contents Introduction Past research and developement attempts Studies on the village system (1990‘s) What can we learn from past attempts Ecotypes Het. % Tilili 63 Horro 57 Chefe 63 Jarso 55 Tepi 61 Fayoumi 60 - 4% (MCW78 in Jarso ) to 92%(ADL268 in Tilili ) - Desplys high within ecotype genetic variation

37. Neighbour Joining tree (unbiased standard genetic distance) Contents Introduction Past research and developement attempts Studies on the village system (1990‘s) What can we learn from past attempts -Assorted the ecotypes according their origin -Bootstrapping values were between 53 to 100 % in NJ trees -Local ecotypes formed two distinct groups-cluster

38. Correlation between genetic and geographic distances r=0.62 -Isolation by distance based on normalised mantel statistic Contents Introduction Past research and developement attempts Studies on the village system (1990‘s) What can we learn from past attempts