Practical Unit 8 Culling of livestock and poultry.pptx
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This document discusses reasons for culling livestock, including poor production, reproduction, growth, genetic defects, incurable illness, and age. It provides specific criteria for culling dairy cattle based on milk production, age over 9 years, and dairy characteristics. For poultry, reasons include poor laying, production, and reproduction, as well as age over 30 weeks. Physical signs of good versus poor laying hens are described. Culling sheep may be due to poor production, reproduction, growth, infections, age over 5-6 years, or abnormalities.
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This document provides tips for improving lambing and kidding percentages through management, genetics, and selection. It discusses establishing benchmarks for lambing/kidding percentages on your farm and compares typical percentages to benchmarks. The key factors that affect lambing/kidding percentages are fertility, litter size, and survival from birth through weaning and beyond. Management practices, genetics, nutrition, and selection can all be used to improve percentages.ย
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This document summarizes discussions from a technical meeting on small ruminant production in Jordan. Climate change and drought are threatening sheep breeders by exposing animals to disease. Sheep products are important to the local diet and economy. Population growth is increasing demand for sheep milk and meat. Farmers are working to intensify production but face challenges of degraded rangeland, high feed costs, and lack of knowledge in milk handling and processing. Several research goals and methodologies were presented to address issues like nutritional deficiencies, disease prevalence and vaccination strategies, abortion causes, and improving reproduction rates.
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Reproduction of livestock
Female reproductive system
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This document summarizes a seminar on approaches for treating repeat breeding syndrome in dairy cattle. It discusses the incidence, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of repeat breeding syndrome. The seminar covers maternal, bull, environmental, and management factors that can cause repeat breeding. It also discusses diagnostic methods such as record analysis, visual examination, rectal palpation, vaginoscopy, and tests of uterine health. The goal is to provide practical guidance on managing this important reproductive issue in dairy herds.
seminarppt-20082211hh0110 (1).pdf
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on approaches for treating repeat breeding syndrome in dairy cattle. The introduction provides background on the economic importance of dairy cattle and incidence of repeat breeding syndrome. The seminar covers etiology of repeat breeding including maternal, bull, environmental and management factors. Diagnosis methods are discussed such as record analysis, visual examination, palpation, vaginoscopy, and tests of uterine health. Treatment focuses on identifying and addressing the underlying causes like infection, nutrition imbalances, or hormonal issues. The conclusions emphasize that repeat breeding syndrome has multifactorial causes and an integrated approach is needed to improve fertility in dairy cattle herds.
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Robyn alders one_health_approach_to_health_and_food_security
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Final_Rouse 2013 Bull sale Poster_040413
The document summarizes genetic improvement efforts over 60 years at the One Bar Eleven Ranch in Wyoming. Key traits under selection include growth (birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight), calving ease, maternal ability, and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) as a measure of tolerance to high altitudes. Genetic trends show increases in growth, maternal traits like milk production, and decreases in PAP and improvements in calving ease and longevity. Current research uses genomic technology to identify genes associated with complex traits like PAP to further improve selection accuracy and generate DNA-enhanced breeding values.
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This document discusses repeat breeding syndrome in cattle. It defines repeat breeding cows as those that have been bred 3 or more times but not conceived, with normal estrous cycles and no abnormalities. Risk factors include season, metabolic disorders, and nutrition. Causes of repeat breeding include fertilization failure due to issues with the cow or bull, and early embryonic death which accounts for 25% of reproductive wastage before pregnancy recognition. Diagnostic measures include physical exams, ultrasounds, and hormonal tests. Treatment involves addressing nutrition, checking semen quality, using hormones like GnRH and hCG at breeding, and intrauterine antibiotics. Controlling infections, energy balance, and AI timing are important to address repeat breeding.
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Practical Unit 12 Clean milk production and milking methods.pptx
Clean milk production requires maintaining cleanliness of milch animals, checking for mastitis, ensuring personal hygiene of milkers, cleaning milking equipment, sterilizing equipment, and using chlorinated water. These measures aim to produce milk that is free of dirt and bacteria, has no bad odors, prevents milk-borne diseases, increases shelf life, and ensures good quality products.
Practical Unit 10 Computation of rations for livestock and poultry.pptx
This document provides information on formulating livestock and poultry feed rations using locally available feed ingredients in different districts of Andhra Pradesh. It discusses the requirements for ration formulation such as feed samples, nutrient composition tables, weighing balance, grinding machine, feed mixer, and packaging materials. A procedure for calculating a 100 kg concentrate mixture with 18% crude protein using maize grain, wheat bran, and linseed cake in specified proportions is presented step-by-step using the Pearson square method. The key steps involve determining the protein content of individual ingredients, calculating the mixture proportions, and mixing and packaging the final ration.
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Unit 30 and 31 Vaccination of livestock and Poultry.pptx
Dr. P. Ravikanth Reddy discusses vaccination protocols for livestock. He outlines three types of vaccines - live, attenuated, and killed - and their appropriate storage temperatures. Proper vaccination procedures are important to stimulate immune response and increase farm profitability. Guidelines include avoiding stress prior to vaccination, record keeping, and following dosage and schedule instructions.
Unit 28 Sanitation of Livestock and Poultry houses.pptx
This document discusses biosecurity measures in poultry farms. It recommends removing organic material from the farm environment through cleaning and scrubbing. It emphasizes the importance of manure pit wind direction and removing webs in corners and roofs. For disinfection, it recommends killing pathogenic microbes using chemicals like iodine, chlorine, and alcohol. It provides procedures for cleaning and disinfecting equipment and housing. It discusses sources of infection like air, water, feed, litter and people. It recommends biosecurity measures like fencing, disinfecting staff and vehicles, restricting movement, and controlling personnel and poultry stock to prevent disease transmission in poultry farms.
Unit 27 Diseases of Poultry.pptx
This document summarizes several poultry diseases, including their causative organisms, symptoms, treatment, prevention, and transmission. Some of the major diseases discussed are infectious coryza caused by Haemophilus paragalinarum which affects the respiratory system; fowl cholera caused by Pasteurella multocida with purplish discoloration of combs and wattles; and salmonella pullorum which causes white diarrhea. Prevention methods discussed include vaccination, biosecurity measures, antibiotic therapy, and purchasing infection-free chicks.
Unit 26b Diseases of Swine.pptx
The document discusses several diseases that affect pigs including hog cholera caused by a virus with symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting and purple skin, foot and mouth disease caused by a virus with blisters and ulcers, and transmissible gastroenteritis caused by a virus with vomiting and diarrhea. It also discusses swine dysentery caused by a bacteria with bloody feces, swine erysipela caused by a bacteria causing skin ulcers and abortions, and intestinal parasites caused by roundworms causing anemia and diarrhea. Prevention methods include vaccination, disinfecting pens, and deworming while treatment involves antibiotics and deworming drugs. All of the diseases can spread through direct or indirect contact between pigs.
Unit 26a Diseases of sheep and goat.pptx
The document discusses several diseases that affect sheep including anthrax, black leg, enterotoxemia, tetanus, pasteurellosis, Johne's disease, sheep pox, foot and mouth disease, contagious ecthyma (ORF), blue tongue, peste des petits ruminants (PPR), fluke infection, tape worm, round worm, coccidiosis, ectoparasite infection, bloat, rumen acidosis, and pregnancy toxemia. For each disease, the causative organism, symptoms, prevention, and treatment are summarized.
Unit 25 Diseases of Cattle and Buffalo.pptx
The document provides information on various infectious and non-infectious diseases that affect livestock. It describes the causative organisms, symptoms, prevention, and treatment methods for diseases such as anthrax, hemorrhagic septicemia, black quarter, brucellosis, tuberculosis, Johne's disease, leptospirosis, mastitis, foot and mouth disease, rinderpest, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, malignant catarrhal fever, rabies, theileriasis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, trypanosomiasis, coccidiosis, internal and external parasites, milk fever, ketosis, and bloat. Prevention focuses on vaccination,
Unit 23 Feed Additives in rations for livestock and Poultry.pptx
This document discusses various types of feed additives used to improve animal growth and feed efficiency. It describes common feed additives like antibiotics, hormones, probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, acids, antioxidants, and flavors. It provides examples of specific additives used and explains their mechanisms of action, including improving nutrient digestibility and availability, modifying gut microflora, enhancing immune response, and altering animal metabolism and growth pathways. The document also notes some potential consequences if certain additives like antibiotics are banned.
Unit 18 Nutrients and their functions.pptx
This document summarizes the six major nutrients needed for life and growth: water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins. It describes the key functions of each nutrient, including that water accounts for 70% of body composition and is essential for transport and biochemical reactions, carbohydrates provide energy and are converted to fat, proteins are needed for cell structure, repair, and hormone/enzyme synthesis, and fats store energy and are components of cell membranes and carriers of fat-soluble vitamins. Minerals and vitamins also support various metabolic processes.
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Unit 15 Digestion and metabolism of livestock and poultry.pptx
Digestion and metabolism involve breaking down food materials through enzymes and microbial activity. Ruminant animals like cattle have a complex digestive system adapted for breaking down plant fibers. Their four-chambered stomach contains microbes that ferment carbohydrates into energy sources. Lipids are broken down and fatty acids biohydrogenated. Protein is degraded into ammonia and amino acids. Pigs and poultry have monogastric digestion and absorption primarily in the small intestine. Microbes in the cecum produce vitamins and volatile fatty acids. Overall, the document discusses digestive processes and microbial involvement in ruminants, pigs, and poultry.
Unit 9 and 10d Swine and Poultry breeds.pptx
This document summarizes various breeds of livestock including pigs, poultry, ducks, turkeys and quails. For pigs, it describes native Indian breeds like Ghungroo and Nicobari as well as commercial breeds including Berkshire, Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc and Hampshire. For poultry, it categorizes breeds into American, English, Mediterranean and Asiatic classes and provides examples such as Rhode Island Red, Leghorn and Brahma. For ducks and turkeys, it distinguishes between egg-laying breeds like Indian Runner and meat-producing breeds like Pekin. Finally, it lists quail breeds including Japanese, Rain and Bobwhite quail.
Unit 9 and 10c Indian Goat breeds.pptx
This document discusses several goat breeds found in India including Jamunapari, Anglo-Nubian, Beetal, Barbari, Black bengal, Sirohi, and Telicherry or Malabari. Jamunapari goats are white with black markings, have drooping ears, produce 2-2.5 liters of milk per day, and are dual purpose for milk and meat. The breeds vary in color, horn shape, milk production, and whether they are used for meat or milk.
Unit 9 and 10b Sheep breeds.pptx
This document summarizes various sheep breeds found in India, organized by region. It provides details on the distribution, conformation, fleece/wool characteristics, and breeding practices of over 20 breeds including Chokla, Nali, and Marwari from Northwestern India, Gaddi and Rampur Bushair from North Temperate India, and Deccani, Bellary, and Nellore from Southern Peninsular India. Crossbreeding programs with exotic breeds like Merino are noted for several native breeds to improve wool production and quality.
Unit 9 and 10a Cattle and Buffalo breeds.pptx
Cattle and Buffalo breeds
Having similar characters.
27 indigenous cattle breeds.
Milch breeds:-
Sahiwal
Gir
Red sindhi
Dual purpose short horned
Hariana
Ongole
Krishna valley
Deoni
Dual purpose long horned
Tharparker
Kankrej
Draft purpose
Hallikar
Amritamahal
Khillari
Kangayam
Umbalacherry
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Practical Unit 8 Culling of livestock and poultry.pptx
- 1. CULLING OF LIVESTOCK Dr. P. Ravikanth Reddy MVSc, PhD Guest Faculty KBR College of Agriculture and Horticulture Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University Dr. YSR Horticulture University
- 2. REASONS ๏ผ Poor production ๏ผ Poor reproduction ๏ผ Poor growth ๏ผ Breeding irregularities ๏ผ Incurable illness ๏ผ Genetic defects โ Supernumerary teat, Loose horns ๏ผ Positive for serious infections (Example ?)
- 3. ๏ผ Milk production โ If less than average yield of the herd ๏ผ Age โ Very old animals (More than 9 years old) ๏ผ Surplus stock โ Surplus males ๏ผ Calves โ With congenital defects (Eg:- Blindness) ๏ผ Dairy characteristics โ Frame (15%), Dairy character (20%), Body capacity (10%), Feet and Leg (15%), Udder (40%).
- 5. REASONS ๏ผ Bad layers ๏ผ Poor production ๏ผ Poor reproduction ๏ผ Poor growth ๏ผ Incurable illness ๏ผ Genetic defects ๏ผ Hens and Roosters at 30 weeks of age.
- 6. Characters to distinguish good and poor layer ๏ผ 1) Physical condition of the layer ๏ผ 2) Molting pattern ๏ผ 3) Depigmentation
- 7. Physical condition ๏ผ Comb โ ๏ผ Wattles - ๏ผ Eye โ ๏ผ Vent โ ๏ผ Keel and Pubic bones โ ๏ผ Between pubic bones โ 3 fingers space ๏ผ Abdomen - ๏ผ Skin -
- 8. Molting in hen Good layers are late and fast molters Molting
- 13. CULLING OF SHEEP
- 14. REASONS ๏ผ Poor production ๏ผ Poor reproduction ๏ผ Poor growth ๏ผ Breeding irregularities ๏ผ Incurable illness ๏ผ Genetic defects ๏ผ Positive for serious infections (Example ?) ๏ผ Aged โ Above 5 โ 6 years. ๏ผ Testicular, Leg, and other abnormalities.