The document summarizes events in 17th century English history related to the constitutional monarchy. It discusses the Magna Carta limiting royal power, conflicts between King James I and Parliament over taxation and divine right of kings. The Gunpowder Plot attempted to blow up Parliament. King Charles I repeatedly clashed with Parliament over funds and dissolved it, leading to the English Civil War between Royalists and Parliamentarians. Oliver Cromwell emerged as the leader of the Parliamentary army and ruled as Lord Protector during the Interregnum period until the Restoration of the monarchy under King Charles II.