The document summarizes the political events in England from the 1600s to the 1700s, including the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution. Key events include Charles I refusing to listen to Parliament and being beheaded, Oliver Cromwell ruling as Lord Protector, and the Glorious Revolution establishing a constitutional monarchy with William and Mary as monarchs and further defining the rights of Parliament over the monarch. These events established England as a constitutional monarchy with protections for individual rights and limitations on royal power.

1. Powdered Heads to Powdered Kegs
English Revolution and Constitutional Monarch
Chapter 20.1 and 20.2

2. What is the big picture?
• 1600s-1800s are time of REVOLUTIONS! All types of revolutions!
• For example the French overthrew their king and set up a republic
• The English replaced one king with another and greatly limited the power of the
monarchy
• The British colonists in the Americas will revolt
• Agricultural Revolution
• Scientific Revolution
• Philosophical Revolution

3. Let’s Begin With “King” Elizabeth

4. From there it seems to be all downhill...
King
Elizabeth
Queen
James I Charles I
whoops, I
meant King
James I

5. Divine Right of Kings means he
Charles I doesn’t listen to Parliament
They present him with the
Petition of Right
• king can’t tax people w/out
permission of Parliament
•he can’t declare martial law
• can’t quarter soldiers in
private homes in times of peace
• can’t imprison someone w/
out a specific charge
he signed but ignored it - continued to tax as wanted - he
dismissed Parliament because they kept complaining

6. Charles I He made people angry!
1.kept Parliament dissolved
2.made church services more
formal (like the Catholic
ceremonies) this angered Puritans
3.Used royal courts against his
enemies...the Puritans
4.no guarantee of civil liberties
5.no juries and judges made
decisions in secret - like the
infamous Star Chamber
6.people didn’t like his absolute
rule

7. Charles I National Covenant and Scottish Rebellion!
As Presbyterian Protestants
they resent the forcing of
Anglican ceremonies!
They signed the National
Covenant stating they would
never do this...they were loyal to
their church more than their
(resented-hated) British king
Charles I invades 2x but finally
has to call in Parliament (and
they aren’t leaving now!)

8. This new Parliament is called the Long Parliament
New Laws
King can’t dissolve Parliament
Parliament must meet at least one time every 3
years
tried to change Anglican Church but that wasn’t
successful
Meanwhile....bloody rebellion in British-controlled
lands of Ireland
Parliament said they needed an army - Charles
refused - Civil War Began in 1642

9. English Civil War
Cavaliers Roundheads

10. English Civil War Oliver Cromwell
Supporters of parliament = Roundheads and extreme
Calvinist those Puritans
Under Oliver Cromwell (military genius)
Run Charles I out
Parliament now the Rump Parliament
England is a Commonwealth now
Guess now
would be a
good time to
leave town!
I’ll go to
Scotland
psst...he didn’t make it - Cromwell had him beheaded!

11. English Civil War Oliver Cromwell
Life is tough under Cromwell!
1653-1658 Life was ugly!
lots of battles
lots of gossip
His rule - the Protectorate - was
unpopular!

12. English Civil War Oliver Cromwell
This rule would have ended earlier
except for :
1. raised enough $ from taxes and
land sales to make sure the army
was well trained and equipped.
2. Army was disciplined & powerful
3. Enemies were not organized

13. English Civil War Trade and the Dutch!
I’m not letting the
Dutch control all the
trade and make all
the money!
Navigation Act of 1651
• all goods coming to England from other
countries need to be carried on English ships
or by ships of the producing country.
• War with Dutch!

14. End of English Civil War
Cromwell dismissed Parliament
He ruled alone
He died
1660 Parliament invited Charles II
to come back and be king!
This is the period of Restoration!

15. Put It In Order
Civil War broke out
Parliament passed Petition of Rights
Cromwell had Charles I killed
Charles I refused to call Parliament to session
Cromwell “failed” to set up a constitution
Cromwell ruled as lord protector
Long Parliament began
Parliament invited Charles II to be King of
England

16. The Glorious Revolution
Why is the Glorious
Revolution so
glorious?

17. The Glorious Revolution
From the original Norman invaders of 1066 (Remember William
the Conqueror - the Norman bastard?)
to the Magna Carta and its Rule of Law.
Then 1603 Elizabeth.
Then through James I - then Charles I - then Oliver Cromwell - then
James II.(quasi catholic) - then Glorious Revolution with William
and Mary
It has all been about establishing the worth of the individual vs. the
rulers.
By the time of the Glorious Revolution it is pretty clear that the
common man in England has rights not enjoyed anywhere else in
the world.

18. Constitutional Monarchy

19. Constitutional Monarchy
The Kings Return
Charles II
Restoration
Rebirth of English Culture

20. Constitutional Monarchy
The Kings Return
Avoided fights with
Parliament
Did fight with Dutch and won
the American colony of New
Amsterdam (renamed it New
York)
French and British rivalry
restarts - this one lasts 150
years!

21. Constitutional Monarchy
The Kings Return
Wanted
toleration of
Catholicism
Parliament
hated that!
He was forced
to abandon any
efforts to bring
religious toleration

22. • Charles II (Catholic) has no heir
• It looks like James II - his brother - an avowed Catholic might
inherit!
• England is divided over this issue
• Not enough for another bloody civil war like the one with they
just had with the Cavaliers and Roundheads
• This will be a peaceful revolution

23. Constitutional Monarchy
Tories Whigs
outlaws
horse thief = rebellious
believed James II
OMG! James II is
(Roman Catholic)
should rule Catholic!
believed in Anglican need/want strong
Church Parliament and believed
believed in they had the right to
monarchy - enough to oppose James as ruler
accept a Roman
Catholic ruler like
James

25. James II seems to
be inheriting the
throne

26. James II seems to Parliament divides over who
should inherit throne
be inheriting the Whigs v. Tories
throne

27. James II seems to Parliament divides over who
should inherit throne
be inheriting the Whigs v. Tories
throne
Parliament offers
throne to Protestant
Mary (daughter of
James II) and husband
William of Orange

28. James II seems to Parliament divides over who
should inherit throne
be inheriting the Whigs v. Tories
throne
Glorious
Parliament offers
Revolution
throne to Protestant power
Mary (daughter of passed
James II) and husband without
William of Orange bloodshed
English Bill of
Rights
signed

29. Changes in Gov’t

30. •Toleration Act - Religious Freedoms (protect everyone
but Roman Catholics and Jews)
• Act of Settlement 1701 - Keeps Catholics from the
throne - if William III dies with no heirs then throne
goes to Mary’s Protestant sister Anne...and so on -
always to Protestants

31. 1700 England is a Constitutional Monarchy
Parliament
House of Lords House of Commons
Prime Minister Cabinet

32. Act of Union - united Scotland and England
Scotland didn’t like it
encouraged trade

33. Foundations of Our Rights and Freedoms
Rights & Freedoms Magna Carta Eng. Bill of Rights Va Declaration of Rights Bill of Rights
Trail by jury
Due Process
Private property
No unreasonable
search or seizures
No cruel punishment
No excessive bail
or fines
Right to bear arms
Right to Petition
Freedom of Speech
Freedom of Press
Freedom of Religion