The document summarizes the history of England from the reign of Elizabeth I to the restoration of Charles II. It discusses the religious conflicts between Protestants and Catholics during this period and the resulting civil war between royalists and parliamentarians. It notes that Charles I was unpopular with parliament, which led to the civil war and his eventual execution. After various failed attempts at government during the Interregnum following Cromwell's rule, the monarchy was restored under Charles II in 1660, but with reduced powers compared to previous monarchs.

1. Elizabeth I to Charles II The story

2. Elizabeth I 1558-1603 Father Henry VIII established Protestant Church Sister Mary I moved England back to Catholicism Eliz succeeds Mary 1558 Elizabeth Religious settlement took the National Church back to Protestantism Act of Supremacy and Uniformity Major powers France and Spain were Catholic Supported Mary Queen of Scots case as Queen of England She fled Scotland 1568 and was imprisoned by Elizabeth Throughout her reign Eliz suppressed plots against her Executed Mary Queen of Scots in 1587 Famous attempted invasion by the Spanish in 1588

3. James I (VI) 1603-1625 Well-educated and experienced King of Scotland Son of Mary Queen of Scots Surrounded himself with favourites Big spender Kept peace in foreign affairs – Religious Wars in Europe Protestant – but attempted to be moderate Gunpowder Plot 1605

4. Charles I 1625-1649 Unpopular with parliament Religious issues – supported Arminianism 1629 Charles decided to rule without parliament Personal Rule lasted until 1640 Unpopular methods to gain finance Rebellion broke out in Scotland Needed money so reluctantly called parliament Mistrust between crown and parliament led to Civil War in 1642

5. Civil War 1642-49 Royalists vs Parliamentarians Royalists initially held upper hand Missed opportunities lengthened war Parliament had superior resources and organisation and won in the end Parliament hoped to reach an agreement with Charles and restore monarchy Many army leaders convinced he couldn’t be trusted Executed

6. The Interregnum 1649-1660 Problems of executive power Early experiments failed Lord Protector – Oliver Cromwell Army a key force Never gained popular support When Cromwell died in 1558 it quickly collapsed

7. Restoration 1660-1667 Charles II restored to throne Did not have same powers of previous monarchs Anglican Church restored Restoration a time when literature, art and science flourished 1665-66 plague and Great Fire of London