1) England developed a system of constitutional monarchy rather than absolutism due to the power of Parliament limiting the monarch's authority.
2) The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between royalists supporting King Charles I and Parliamentarians, resulting in the king's execution in 1649.
3) After a period of rule by the Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell, the monarchy was restored in 1660 with King Charles II, but Parliament's power was established in the English Bill of Rights of 1689.
2. England (The Tudors &
Parliament)
• Power was maintained far
differently in England than
in France and Spain.
• Tudor dynasty reigned from
1485-1603.
• Henry VII believed in
divine right
• Elizabeth I was popular and
successful thanks to good
Parliamentary relations.
3. English Parliament
• House of Lords: • House of Commons
– Upper house – Lower house
– Hereditary rule or – Democratically
appointed(elegido) by elected body.
sovereign(soberano) – Prime Minister leads
– Lord Spiritual and this house.
Lord Temporal lead
this house.
4. England (The Stuarts &
Parliament) without a direct heir,
• When Elizabeth died
the throne passed to the Stuarts, the ruling
family of Scotland.
• James I, the first Stuart monarch forgot
Parliament and sought absolute rule.
• Leaders in the House of Commons (body of
Parliament) resisted his claim to divine right.
• In 1625, Charles I inherited the throne.
He wanted to be an absolute monarch. He
got more and more enemies as people were
sent to prison without trial.
• For 11 years, he ruled the nation without
Parliament. When he finally asked
Parliament for help to suppress a Scottish
and Irish rebellions, the parliament fought
against him.
5. Parliamentary Rebellion and
CivilWhen Parliament finally won, they
• War
started the greatest political
revolution in English history.
• Charles fought against the reforms
they proposed.
• When he attempted to arrest the most
radical leaders, they escaped and
formed an army.
• A civil war started, lasting from 1642-
1649. In the end, revolutionary forces
won.
• Oliver Cromwell led the New Model
Army for Parliament, and by 1647,
the king was in the hands of
parliamentary forces.
6. Execution of King Charles
• After the war, Parliament
sent King Charles to trial.
• He was condemned as
tyrant, traitor, and public
enemy, and beheaded
(decapitado)
• 1st time in history that a
monarch had been tried
and executed by his own
people.
• Sent clear message that in
England, no ruler could be
absolute and ignore the
law.
7. The Commonwealth
• After execution of Charles I,
House of Commons abolished
monarchy, House of Lords, and
Church of England.
• Declared England a republic
called the Commonwealth led by
Oliver Cromwell under a strict
military rule.
• Under the Commonwealth,
Puritans replaced the Church of
England. Strict piety.
• After Cromwell died,
Puritans(puritanos,en contra de
las imágenes) lost their power on
England.
8. Charles II
• Many English were tired of military
rule and strict Puritan ways
• After a decade of kingless rule,
Parliament invited Charles II to
return to England from exile.
• Unlike his father, Charles II was a
popular ruler who avoided his father’s
mistakes in dealing with Parliament.
• Restored Church of England and
promoted religious tolerance.
9. James II, William & Mary
• Charles II’s brother James II
inherited the throne.
• Unlike Charles II, he
wanted a Parliament and
the Catholic Church.
• Parliament invited his
Protestant daughter Mary
and her husband William of
Orange to become rulers of
England.
• When they arrived, James
left to France without
violence, that was the
Glorious Revolution.
10. English Bill of Rights
• Before they could be crowned,
William and Mary had to accept
several acts passed by Parliament that
became known as the English Bill of
Rights.
• It gave superiority of Parliament over
the monarchy.
• Monarch had to go to the
Parliament regularly but He
couldn`t take part .
• Also restored trial by jury and the
principle of habeas corpus in which
no one could be sent to prison
without first being charged
(acusado)with a specific crime.
• Created a limited monarchy.
Separated England from the rest of
Europe.