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Ch07 presentation shock
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- 2. Introduction to Shock •Perfusion − Adequate blood and oxygen are provided to all cells in the body. • Hypoperfusion − The cardiovascular system fails. − Blood circulation eventually ceases.
- 3. Damage Caused byShock • Brain − 4 to 6 minutes • Abdominal organs − 45 to 90 minutes • Skin and muscle cells − 3 to 6 hours
- 4. Perfusion Triangle • Thinkof the circulatory system as having three components. − Heart (pump) − Blood vessels (pipes) − Blood (fluid)
- 5. Perfusion Triangle • Shockoccurs when one or more of the sides are not working properly. © Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- 6. Causes of Shock •Cardiovascular − Pump failure • Cardiogenic shock − Loss of fluid or blood • Hypovolemic shock or hemorrhagic shock © Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- 7. Causes of Shock •Cardiovascular (cont’d) − Poor vessel function • Neurogenic shock − Combined vessel and content failure • Septic shock © Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- 8. Causes of Shock •Noncardiovascular − Respiratory insufficiency • Chest injury • Airway obstruction − Anaphylactic shock • Medications • Food • Insect stings © Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- 9. Causes of Shock •Noncardiovascular (cont’d) − Psychogenic shock • Fainting, or syncope • Causes include fear, bad news, and unpleasant sights.
- 10. The Progression ofShock • Compensated shock • Decompensated shock • Irreversible shock © Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- 11. Shock: What toLook For • Altered mental status • Pale, cold, and clammy skin • Pale or cyanotic lips and/or nail beds • Nausea/vomiting • Rapid breathing and heart rate • Unresponsiveness when shock is severe
- 12. Shock: What toDo • Treat injuries. • If responsive and breathing normally, keep the person flat on his or her back. • If no sign of injury, raise the feet 6–12 inches. © Jones & Bartlett Learning. © Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- 13. Shock: What toDo • If unresponsive, roll the person onto his or her side. • Prevent the loss of body heat. • Call 9-1-1. • Do not give anything to eat or drink. © Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- 14. Anaphylaxis: What toLook For • Shortness of breath • Swelling of tongue, mouth, nose • Intense itching • Flushed skin or swollen face • Sneezing, coughing, wheezing • Tightness and swelling in the throat • Tightness in the chest
- 15. Anaphylaxis: What toLook For • Increased heart rate • Cyanosis • Dizziness • History of previous severe allergic reactions • Medical identification tag
- 16. Anaphylaxis: What toDo • Call 9-1-1. • Monitor breathing • If the person has an epinephrine auto- injector, help administer it. • If the person can swallow, give an antihistamine.
- 17. Using an Epinephrine Auto-Injector •Find the injection site on the outer midthigh. • Remove the safety cap. © Jones & Bartlett Learning. © Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- 18. Using an Epinephrine Auto-Injector •Push against the outer midthigh. • Hold in place for 10 seconds. • Pull the auto- injector straight out from the leg. • Rub the area for 10 seconds. © Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- 19. Mild Allergic Reaction: Whatto Look For • Red, itchy eyes • Itchy, sneezing, runny nose • Rash on skin, usually on one part of the body
- 20. Mild Allergic Reaction: Whatto Do • Help the person: − Self-administer his or her asthma “rescue” inhaler − Take an antihistamine
- 21. Fainting: What toDo • If a person suddenly collapses: − Check breathing. − If breathing stops, call 9-1-1 and give CPR. − If person is breathing: • Keep the person flat on his or her back. • Monitor breathing; if it stops, give CPR. • Check and treat any injuries. • Wipe the person’s forehead with a cool, wet cloth.
- 22. Fainting: What toDo • If a person is about to faint: − Prevent a hard fall. • If you feel faint: − Lie down or sit down. − Do not place your head between your knees.