The document provides an overview of the cell wall and cell membrane, detailing their structures, functions, and historical discoveries. It explains that the cell wall, primarily made of cellulose, offers protection and support, while the cell membrane controls substance movement and maintains cell integrity. Key components and functions of both structures are outlined alongside a brief quiz and assignment for further study.

3. CHNOAIRDITOM
Mitochondria

4. EOIMSSI
Meiosis

5. LESUUCN
Nucleus

6. SMELSYOOS
Lysosomes

7. LELC EANBEMM
Cell Membrane

11. Brief History
•The cell wall was
discovered by Robert
Hooke in 1665.

12. Structure
• Cell wall is a rough,
generally flexible layer that
surrounds some types of
cells. It is situated outside
the cell membrane.

13. Major Regions of
the Cell Wall
•middle lamella
•primary wall
• secondary wall

16. Cellulose
• Cell walls are made of
specialized sugars called
cellulose.
• Cellulose is called a structural
carbohydrate (complex sugar)
because it is used in protection
and support.

17. Cross Linking
Glycans
• Diverse group of carbohydrates that
used to be called hemicellulose.
• Play a major role in maintaining the
structural integrity of the wall by
their tight association with cellulose
microfibrils.

18. Peptic
Polysaccharides
• determining wall porosity
• providing a charged wall surface
for cell-cell adhesion
• cell-cell recognition
• pathogen recognition and others.

19. Proteins
• The proteins may serve as
the scaffolding used to
construct the other wall
components.

20. Lignin
• Lignin is primarily a
strengthening agent in
the wall. It also resists
fungal/pathogen attack.

21. Suberin, wax, cutin
• A variety of lipids are
associated with the wall for
strength and
waterproofing.

22. Water
• Comprise 75-80% of the
cell wall.
• Determines the flexibility
and extensibility of the
wall.

23. Functions of the
Cell Wall
• maintaining/determining cell shape
• support and mechanical strength
• prevents the cell membrane from bursting
• controls cell growth and cell volume
• physical barrier
• carbohydrate storage
• signaling

25. Brief History
• In 1855, C. Naegeli and
C.Cramer describe the cell
membrane as a barrier
essential to explain osmosis in
plant cells.

26. The Cell Membrane
• Also known as the plasma membrane is a
biological membrane that separates the
interior of all cells from the outside
environment.
• The cell membrane is selectively
permeable to ions and organic molecules
and controls the movement of
substances in and out of cells.

27. Structure

28. Components of
the Cell
Membrane

29. Lipids
• Insoluable, fatty materials the cell
can use to construct membranes
• Help to give membranes their
flexibility.
• Used as energy source in the
form of fats.

30. Proteins
• Proteins maintain and monitor the cell’s
chemical climate and assist in the
transfer of molecules across the
membrane.
• Cell adhesion molecules allow cells to
identify each other and interact.

31. Functions
• surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell.
• protect the integrity of the interior of
the cell
• serves as a base of attachment for
the cytoskeleton
• serves to help support the cell and
help maintain its shape.

32. QUIZ
TIME!

33. Direction: Provide the information being
asked. Write your answers on a ¼ sheet of yellow
paper.
1.The cell membrane is made up of _______
bilayer.
2.The tails of the bilayer are ______
3.The heads are ______
4. _________is a process where water can pass
across the cell membrane.

34. 5.Constitutes most of the cell wall at about 75-
80%.
6.They described the cell membrane as a barrier
essential to explain osmosis in plant cells.
7.He discovered the cell wall.
8-10. Give 3 functions of the cell wall.

35. Assignment:
Read on the aids of cells for
locomotion. Write your findings
on a ½ crosswise yellow paper