The document discusses the cell cycle and cell division processes of mitosis and meiosis. It defines the main phases of each process and compares the key differences between mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis involves one cell division producing two identical daughter cells, while meiosis involves two cell divisions producing four non-identical haploid daughter cells. The stages of each process including interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase are outlined in detail. Diagrams and animations are provided to illustrate each phase.

1. The Cell Cycle
&
Cell DivisionBy
Muhammad Iqbal Khan
SS Biology
Email ID: mikhan1313@yahoo.com

2. Cycle Process

3. Cell Cycle
1-Inter Phase 2-Mitotic Phase
G1 Phase Karyokinesis
S Phase Cytokinesis
G2 Phase

4. The Cell Cycle
http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2001/press.html

5. Animated Cycle
http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm

6. MITOSIS

7. Mitosis
The process of cell division which results
in the production of two daughter cells
from a single parent cell.
The daughter cells are identical to
one another and to the original parent
cell.

8. Mitosis can be divided into stages
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase & Cytokinesis

9. Interphase
The cell prepares for division
• Animal Cell
– DNA replicated
– Organelles replicated
– Cell increases in size
• Plant Cell
– DNA replicated
– Organelles replicated
– Cell increases in size

10. Interphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

11. Prophase
The cell prepares for nuclear division
• Animal Cell
– Packages DNA into
chromosomes
• Plant cell
– Packages DNA into
chromosomes

12. Prophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

13. Metaphase
The cell prepares chromosomes for
division
• Animal Cell
– Chromosomes line up
at the center of the cell
– Spindle fibers attach
from daughter cells to
chromosomes at the
centromere
• Plant Cell
– Chromosomes line up
at the center of the cell
– Spindle fibers attach
from daughter cells to
chromosomes at the
centromere

14. Metaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

15. Anaphase
The chromosomes divide
• Animal Cell
– Spindle fibers pull
chromosomes apart
– ½ of each
chromosome (called
chromotid) moves to
each daughter cell
• Plant Cell
– Spindle fibers pull
chromosomes apart
– ½ of each
chromosome (called
chromotid) moves to
each daughter cell

16. Anaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

17. Telophase
The cytoplasm divides
• Animal Cell
– DNA spreads out
– 2 nuclei form
– Cell wall pinches in to
form the 2 new
daughter cells
• Plant Cell
– DNA spreads out
– 2 nuclei form
– New cell wall forms
between to nuclei to
form the 2 new
daughter cells

18. Telophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

19. Mitosis Animation
http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

20. Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase Prophase
Metaphase Anaphase
Telophase Interphase

21. Plant Mitosis -- Review
Interphase Prophase
Metaphase Anaphase
Telophase Interphase

22. MEIOSIS

23. Meiosis
Meiosis is the type of cell division by which
germ cells (eggs and sperm) are produced.
One parent cell produces four daughter
cells.
Daughter cells have half the number of
chromosomes found in the original
parent cell

24. Meiosis
During meiosis, DNA replicates
once, but the nucleus divides twice.

25. Meiosis
Four stages can be described for each
division of the nucleus.

26. Meiosis I
First division of meiosis

27. First Division of Meiosis
• Prophase 1: Each chromosome duplicates and
remains closely associated. These are called sister
chromatids.
• Metaphase 1: Chromosomes align at the center of the
cell.
• Anaphase 1: Chromosome pairs separate with sister
chromatids remaining together.
• Telophase 1: Two daughter cells are formed with
each daughter containing only one chromosome of the
chromosome pair.

28. Prophase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

29. Prophase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

30. Metaphase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

31. Telophase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

32. Meiosis
Second Division of Meiosis

33. Second Division of Meiosis
• Prophase 2: DNA does not replicate.
• Metaphase 2: Chromosomes line up at the center of
the cell
• Anaphase 2: Centromeres divide and sister
chromatids move separately to each pole.
• Telophase 2: Cell division is complete.
Four haploid daughter cells are formed.

34. Prophase II
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

35. Metaphase II
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

36. Telophase II
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html

37. Meiosis
http://www.biosci.uga.edu/almanac/bio_103/notes/apr_3.html.

38. Meiosis Animation
http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/movie/meiosis.htm

39. Differences in Mitosis & Meiosis
• Mitosis
– Asexual
– Cell divides once
– Two daughter cells
– Genetic information is
identical
• Meiosis
– Sexual
– Cell divides twice
– Four haploid daughter
cells
– Genetic information is
different

40. Comparison Animations
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divi_flash.html
http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/ge
netics/sciber/animatin.htm
To See live phases of Mitosis and Meiosis click on the
above links by pasting in window bar
or
Email us on: mikhan1313@yahoo.com
Muhammad Iqbal Khan SS Biology