Cbl
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CBL was firstly design in 1960’s . In the beginning only single transmitter and single receiver is used for amplitude measurement . Then after evolution occurred , just like openhole acoustic log , new design introduced , which measured signal amplitude near receiver . Eventually borehole compensated device , using dual transmitter and dual receiver were introduced in 1980’s .
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3. How resistivity logs work by measuring the resistivity of formations and fluids to determine lithology, fluid content and invasion.
4. Types of resistivity logging tools like lateral logs and micro-resistivity tools and how they make measurements in the flushed, transition and undisturbed zones.
PURPOSE OF HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYINGical seminar
Hydrographic surveying measures bodies of water to delineate contours and features. It involves establishing horizontal and vertical controls, then taking soundings using various instruments like sounding rods, lead lines, and echo-sounders. Soundings are located using methods like ranging the survey boat between shore signals, or observing angles from the boat or shore to triangulate its position. This provides data for tasks like navigation charts, dredging, and flood control projects.
Microphones and speakers
This document summarizes different types of microphones and loudspeakers used in a PA system for an auditorium. It describes 6 types of microphones - carbon, crystal, dynamic, condenser, ribbon, and wireless microphones. It then explains different types of loudspeakers - dynamic, cabinet, column, high fidelity, woofers, tweeters, and horn loudspeakers. It also discusses crossovers and impedance. The document provides details on the construction and working of each type of microphone and loudspeaker.
Surface and bulk acoustic devices
This document discusses and compares surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) devices. SAW devices propagate waves along a material surface and are used in delay lines, filters, and other electronic components below 1 GHz. BAW devices propagate waves through the bulk material and can operate above 2 GHz in smaller sizes with less temperature sensitivity than SAW devices. Both SAW and BAW devices find applications in communications, radar, and other systems due to their filtering and signal processing capabilities.
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Velocity Models Difference
The document discusses several types of seismic velocity models including 1D layered models, community velocity models based on direct measurements, unified community models, and 3D tomography models derived from active and passive seismic data. It provides details on numerous global and regional reference models for the crust, mantle, and specific tectonic provinces.
Seismic acquisition survey
E & P Company DGPC hired a seismic survey company to conduct a seismic survey for a concession license. The document describes the various crews and equipment used in a land seismic data acquisition project. It details the roles of the survey, drilling, loading, layout, recording, shooting, LVL, and safety crews. It also explains the use of GPS, batteries, receivers, survey controllers, jackhammers, drilling rigs, dynamite, detonators, geophones, cables, recording trucks, monitors, recorders, and other equipment used to shoot seismic sources, record the seismic data, and ensure crew safety.
Structur Alanalysis
The analysis of all of the significant processes that formed a basin and deformed its sedimentary fill from basin-scale processes (e.g., plate tectonics)
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Seismic data processing
This document discusses seismic data processing concepts and computer systems used for digital filtering. It explains that seismic data recorded in the field is processed using computer programs to transform it into a usable geological record section. The processing involves steps like demultiplexing, applying static and normal moveout corrections, filtering, stacking, and other analyses to improve data quality and clarity for geological interpretation. Digital computers allow complex processing techniques to be applied to enhance seismic data and better reveal subsurface structures.
Seismic acquisition
This document discusses the role of seismic surveys in establishing oil and gas fields. It describes the various steps involved in seismic data acquisition, including planning, preparation, field operations such as drilling shot holes or operating vibrators, recording seismic data, and processing the data. The objectives of seismic surveys are listed as regional exploration, prospect delineation, and field development. Key factors in planning a survey include the targeted geological features, available budgets and data, and parameter selection for recording seismic signals.
2 D 3D_ seismic survey
This document discusses geotechnical seismic services, including 2D and 3D seismic acquisition. It outlines the objectives, preparation, planning, and parameter selection involved in 2D/3D seismic surveys. These include determining acquisition parameters, source and receiver layouts, and raw shot recording. The goals are regional exploration, prospect delineation, and field development.
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The geological time scale
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2) Scientists have studied rocks and fossils worldwide to develop the time scale and determine how life has changed over time on Earth.
3) Major events in Earth's history like asteroid impacts have caused mass extinctions and influenced the conditions and diversity of life.
fossils
A fossil is the preserved remains of a once-living organism.
Fossils give clues about organisms that lived long ago. They help to show that evolution has occurred.
They also provide evidence about how Earth’s surface has changed over time.
Fossils help scientists understand what past environments may have been like.
Pompeii
The document discusses the 79 CE eruption of Mount Vesuvius that buried the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. It provides background on Vesuvius and nearby Mediterranean volcanoes. Details are given about the features of Pompeii, including its streets, food stalls, plumbing, and gladiator school that were preserved by the volcanic ash and lava flows. The document also includes information on victims recovered from the eruption and a chart classifying volcanic explosivity on an index scale.
Pompeii
Pompeii was an ancient Roman city near the volcanic mountain Vesuvius that was destroyed in 79 AD when Vesuvius erupted in a massive Plinian eruption. The city was buried under ash and debris, preserving structures and remains. Nearly 20,000 residents could have evacuated but did not recognize the danger. Centuries later the buried city was rediscovered and excavations have since revealed details of daily Roman life. Pliny the Younger, who witnessed the eruption, provided the first detailed eyewitness account that is still used by volcanologists today.
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This document provides information about identifying and recognizing planktonic foraminifera. It notes that planktonic foraminifera lack additional skeletal structures found in benthic foraminifera, have a simple aperture, can permanently float or drift in the water column, and are very abundant in inner to outer neritic sediments. It also describes the wall textures of different planktonic foraminifera species and how their morphology has evolved over time, including developing elongate chamber extensions, becoming biserial, and muricae fusing.
Mollusca
Second-largest phylum in number of species- over 100,000 described.
Ecologically widespread- marine, freshwater, terrestrial (gastropods very successful on land)
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Mollusc
2nd largest mollusc class
~ 20,000 living; 20,000 fossil spp.
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Brachiopods
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Benthic foraminifera
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SYNTHETIC GEMSTONE
A synthetic gemstone is identical to a natural gemstone in almost every way. This includes the same basic crystal structure, refractive index, specific gravity, chemical composition, colors, and other characteristics. Since the same gemological tests are used for stone identification on both natural and synthetic gems, it is sometimes even possible for a gemologist to be puzzled as to whether or not a stone is natural or synthetic. When this occurs, the best course of action is to send the stone to an accredited gem laboratory, like the Gemological Institute of America. They can positively determin ewhether a stone is synthetic or naturally occuring. Only minor internal characteristics allow separation of a synthetic gemstone from a natural gemston
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Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
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Cbl
- 2. INTRODUCTION • CBL was firstly design in 1960’s . • In the beginning only single transmitter and single receiver is used for amplitude measurement . • Then after evolution occurred , just like openhole acoustic log , new design introduced , which measured signal amplitude near receiver . • Eventually borehole compensated device , using dual transmitter and dual receiver were introduced in 1980’s .
- 3. Principle • Basically , this log is used to measure amplitude in borehole . • We used sonic waves to estimate amplitude and frequency in borehole. • Sonic waves when passes through pores , amplitude and frequency both rise while velocity become low in hard strata . • While in smooth strata velocity become high , while amplitude and frequency both become low .
- 5. Devices • In cement bond log , we used two types of devices . • (1) Acoustic Sonic device (2) Ultra-Sonic device • In acoustic device , acoustic signal is travel through borehole fluid , casing , cement , and the formation itself . • The signal is received , processed , and displayed on a microseismogram . • The recorded waves are presented together with the travel time and casing amplitude curve , which display amplitude of acoustic signal , which travel through casing.
- 6. • In ultra-sonic image tool in which transmitter emits sonic waves of 200-700Hz frequency .
- 9. Uses • To support the casing . • To prevent fluid from leaking to surface . • Isolating production zone from water bearing zone . • CBLs clearly indicate top of cement, where there is unbonded pipe. • CBLs also indicate where the pipe is well cemented .
- 10. Limitation • CBLs are not reliable as indicators of hydraulic sealing by the cement , because they cannot detect small channels . • Poor running and intercepting technique . • CBLs transducer arrays are vertical , where bonding problem need to be investigated circumferentially .
- 11. Unit • Mili-roll • Deci –bell
- 12. Application • Cement Evaluation . • Casing inseption . • Casing thickness analyses for collapse and burst pressure calculation .
- 13. THANKS