This document discusses the role of seismic surveys in establishing oil and gas fields. It describes the various steps involved in seismic data acquisition, including planning, preparation, field operations such as drilling shot holes or operating vibrators, recording seismic data, and processing the data. The objectives of seismic surveys are listed as regional exploration, prospect delineation, and field development. Key factors in planning a survey include the targeted geological features, available budgets and data, and parameter selection for recording seismic signals.

1. SEISMIC
AQUISITION

2. Reconnaissance Structural / Stratigraphic Anomalies
Primary Production/Pool Development Reservoir Delineation
Prospect Generation/Exploratory Well
4D Seismic/Pool Development
ROLE OF SEISMIC SURVEYROLE OF SEISMIC SURVEY
IN ESTABLISHMENT OF AN OIL/GAS FIELDIN ESTABLISHMENT OF AN OIL/GAS FIELD
Detailed Seismic Acquisition/Processing

3. 2D/3D SEISMIC SURVEY
• OBJECTIVES
• PREPARATION & PLANNING
• PARAMETER SELECTION
• FIELD OPERATION

4. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
• REGIONAL EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
Delineation of structural and stratigraphic anomalies
• PROSPECT DELINEATION
To mark the depth of prospective horizon and trap
closures
• FIELD DEVELOPMENT
To mark suitable locations for field development and for
reservoir studies

5. PREPARATIONPREPARATION
AVAILABLE BUDGET & TIME
AVAILABLE DATA
Geological Data
Geophysical Data
Other Information
+

6. GEOLOGICAL DATAGEOLOGICAL DATA
Surface maps
Cross sections
Contour maps
Isopach
Formation depths/thickness
Lithologies
Well history
Wire Line Logs
MAPSMAPS
WELL DATAWELL DATA

7. GEOPHYSICAL DATAGEOPHYSICAL DATA
Time / Depth contour maps
Isochorn / Isopach maps
Velocity maps
MAPSMAPS
SECTIONSSECTIONS
Field monitors
Migrated / Unmigrated sections

8. GEOPHYSICAL DATAGEOPHYSICAL DATA
Plots
Maps
Static tables
UPHOLE / WZUPHOLE / WZ
PARAMETERSPARAMETERS
Recording,Drilling,Shooting,Vibrating
REPORTSREPORTS

9. OTHER DATAOTHER DATA
• Topographic Maps
• Arial Photographs
• Cultural Information

10. KEY INFORMATIONKEY INFORMATION
• Depth of Target Horizon
• Dip of the Target Horizon
• Arial Extension of Target
• Maximum Desired Frequency
• Accessibility in the Area
• Noise Type in the Area
• Thickness of the Weathered Layer
• Structural Settings of the Area
• Terrain
• Climate

11. REFLECTION FROM A HORIZONTALREFLECTION FROM A HORIZONTAL
REFLECTORREFLECTOR
Offset
CMP
Surface
Reflector
Source Detector

12. SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION ON LANDSEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION ON LAND
Shot Hole
Geophones
Recording Truck
Seismic Waves
Reflector

13. SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION IN MARINESEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION IN MARINE
Hydrophones
Seismic ship
Seismic Waves
Shot
Reflector
Streamer
Sea surface

14. • 1. PLANNING & DESIGNING
• 2. SURVEY
• 3. DRILLING
• 4. SHOOTING/VIBRATING
• 5. RECORDING
ACQUISITION

15. PLANNING & DESIGNING
PART OF OIL COMPANIES
1. ACQUISITION PARAMETERS
2. BID INVITATION
a. Minimum Offset b. Maximum Offset
c. Source Interval
e. No. of Channels
d. Receiver Interval
f. Fold Coverage
g. Source (Dynamite or Vibroseis)

16. 2D SEISMIC
LINES
REQUIREMENT OF THE CONTRACTOR
1. BLOCK BOUNDARIES (CONCESSION AREA)
2. START & END COORDINATES OF THE LINE
3. ACQUISITION PARAMETERS

17. SCOUTING
SERVICES COMPANIES GOES TO CHECK THE AREA
Surface Conditions (Hilly, Plane,Bushes,Sandy,Cultivated)
BIDS WITH PRICE
Decision of Location of a Base Camp
Decision of Source (Dynamite or Vibroseis)
Physibility Report

18. BASE CAMP

19. 50 m
50 m
SURVEY PEGS
PIN FLAG
WOODEN
PEGNOD POLE
WOODEN
PEG

20. CONCEPT OF BASE STATION

21. CLOSE VIEW OF BASE STATION
PARMENANT
MARKER
GPS RECEIVER

22. ROVER UNIT

23. ROVER UNIT INSIDE THE VEHICKLE

24. IN LINE/CROSS LINE OFFSET
INLINE OFFSET
CROSS LINE
OFFSET

25. RECEIVER AND SOURCE PARAMETER SELECTIONRECEIVER AND SOURCE PARAMETER SELECTION
• SPREAD TYPE
• RECEIVER LAYOUT
• SOURCE TYPE

26. SPREAD TYPESPREAD TYPE
• Symmetric Split Spread
• Asymmetric Spread
• End On
TYPESTYPES

27. SYMMETRIC SPLIT SPREADSYMMETRIC SPLIT SPREAD
Maximum
Offset
Minimum
Offset
Minimum
Offset
Maximum
Offset
Shot pointCH 1 CH 61CH 60 CH 120
For a symmetric split spread, equal number of channels are laid out on both sides
of the shot
Minimum Offset: The distance between shot and very first live channel on either side of spread.
Maximum Offset: The distance between shot and last live channel on either side of spread
Near bin Center = Minimum Offset +( N / 2) * Group Interval
fold = 1/2 x N x (group interval/source interval) where N is the total number of recording channels

28. RECEIVER TYPERECEIVER TYPE
GEOPHONES
HYDROPHONES

29. RECEIVER ARRAY DESIGNRECEIVER ARRAY DESIGN
Linear Array
Weighted Array
Parallel array
G1 G2 G23 G24
G1 G12
G24G13
G1 G10 G11 G12
G13 G14 G15 G24

30. LAYING OUT
Receiver Flag

31. CABLE & GEOPHONE
LAUL Link cableGEOPHONE STRING ,
142 m

32. LAYOUT(FRONT CREW)

33. Geophone Plantation

34. Cable Layout

35. Meter man
FDU

36. Road Crossing

37. LINE
SOURCE
RECEIVER

38. LINE TAB BOX
LAUX BATTERY
TO RECORDER

39. RECORDER

40. CABLE PLUG IN THE RECORDER
FROM SPREAD

41. • Terrain
• Accessibility
• Equipment cost
• Efficiency
• Environmental conditions
SOURCE TYPESOURCE TYPE
CRITERIA FOR SOURCE SELECTION

42. Air Gun
MARINEMARINE
LANDLAND
Dynamite Vibroseis
SOURCE TYPESOURCE TYPE

43. VIBROSEISVIBROSEIS
• VP INTERVAL
• MOVE UP
• SWEEP
• SWEEP LENGTH
• SWEEP FREQUENCY
• SWEEP TYPES
• NUMBER OF SWEEPS PER
VP
• SOURCE ARRAY PATTERN
PARAMETERS

44. CROSS VIBRATORS

45. CROSSLINE SHOOTING
SEISMIC LINE
VIB PUSHER

46. INLINE SHOOTING

47. Pop shot DRILLING Crew

48. DYNAMITEDYNAMITE
• SHOT HOLE DEPTH
• CHARGE SIZE
• SP INTERVAL
• NUMBER OF HOLES
• SHOT POINT BASE
• SOURCE ARRAY PATTERN
SP Interval
Hole Depth
Charge Size
PARAMETERS

49. GPS ANTINA

50. SERCEL MACHINE

51. TAPE DRIVE FOR DATA RECORDER

52. VIBRATOR TRACKING MONITOR

53. VIBRATOR STATUS AND SPREAD

54. SPRAED POSITION AND BAD CHANNELS
SHOT
BAD CHANNELS

55. FIELD

56. FIELD MONITOR QC

57. SMT TEST

58. LEACKAGE TEST
INSULATION
TESTER

59. RAW SHOT RECORDRAW SHOT RECORD
2D: