Cardiac murmur is an abnormal heart sound caused by turbulent blood flow, often due to valvular diseases, septal defects, or vascular defects. Murmurs can be classified into systolic, diastolic, and continuous types based on their occurrence during heart cycles. Specific conditions such as valve incompetence, stenosis, anemia, and other defects are associated with the different types of murmurs.

1. Cardiac Murmur
Prep: Amen Ullah
Lecturer Surgical
12/25/2018 1studyforum911@hotmail.com

2. Cardiac Murmur
• Cardiac murmur is the abnormal or unusual heart
sound.
• It is also called abnormal heart sound or cardiac bruit.
• Cardiac murmur is heard by stethoscope, along with
normal heart sounds.
• Cardiac murmur is heard by placing chest piece of
stethoscope over the auscultatory areas.
• Murmur due to disease of a particular valve is heard
well over the auscultatory area of that valve.
• Sometimes, the murmur is felt by palpation as ‘thrills’.
In some patients, murmur is heard without any aid,
even at a distance of few feet away from the patient.
12/25/2018 2studyforum911@hotmail.com

3. Causes of Murmur
• Normally, blood flows in streamline through
the heart and blood vessels.
• However, during abnormal conditions like
valvular diseases, the blood flow becomes
turbulent. It produces the cardiac murmur.
Murmur is produced because of
I. Valvular Diseases,
II. Septal Defects
III. Vascular Defects
12/25/2018 3studyforum911@hotmail.com

4. Valvular Diseases
Valvular diseases are of two types:
• 1. Stenosis
• 2. Incompetence
12/25/2018 4studyforum911@hotmail.com

5. 1. Stenosis
• Stenosis means narrowing
of heart valve. Blood flows
• rapidly with turbulence
through the narrow orifice
of the
• valve, resulting in murmur.
2. Incompetence
• Incompetence refers to
weakening of the heart valve.
• When the valve becomes
weak, it cannot close properly.
• It causes back flow of blood,
resulting in turbulence.
• This disease is also called
regurgitation or valvular
• insufficiency.
12/25/2018 5studyforum911@hotmail.com

6. CLASSIFICATION OF MURMUR
Cardiac murmur is classified into three types:
A. Systolic murmur
B. Diastolic murmur
C. Continuous murmur.
12/25/2018 6studyforum911@hotmail.com

7. SYSTOLIC MURMUR
• Systolic murmur is the murmur which is produced
during systole. It is produced in the following
conditions:
1. Incompetence of Atrioventricular Valves
2. Stenosis of Semilunar Valves
3. Murmur due to Anemia
4. Septal Defect
5. Coarctation of Aorta
12/25/2018 7studyforum911@hotmail.com

8. DIASTOLIC MURMUR
• Diastolic murmur is the murmur that is
produced during diastole.
• It is produced in the following conditions:
1. Stenosis of Atrioventricular Valves
2. Incompetence of Semilunar Valves
12/25/2018 8studyforum911@hotmail.com

9. • CONTINUOUS MURMUR
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
12/25/2018 9studyforum911@hotmail.com

10. Causes for cardiac murmur
Type of murmur Causes Type of murmur Causes
Systolic murmur
1. Incompetence of atrioventricular
valves
2. Stenosis of semilunar valves
3. Anemia
4. Septal defect
5. Coarctation of aorta
Diastolic murmur 1. Stenosis of atrioventricular valves
2. Incompetence of semilunar valves
Continuous murmur 1. Patent ductus arteriosus
12/25/2018 10studyforum911@hotmail.com

11. Thank You
12/25/2018 11studyforum911@hotmail.com

12. 12/25/2018 12studyforum911@hotmail.com