Cancer of oral cavity- Easy explanation for Nurses-
Introduction
Definition of Cancer of oral cavity
risk factors of Cancer of oral cavity
Clinical manifestations of Cancer of oral cavity
Diagnostic tests of Cancer of oral cavity
management of Cancer of oral cavity
nursing Management
1. preoperative
2. post operative
cancer of the larynx is also known as the cancer of voice box and basic knowledge about this is important to treat the patient and give better care for the patient this knowledge will help the nursing students to give better care, to improve their academic performance and to improve their skills in their clinical practice
cancer of the larynx is also known as the cancer of voice box and basic knowledge about this is important to treat the patient and give better care for the patient this knowledge will help the nursing students to give better care, to improve their academic performance and to improve their skills in their clinical practice
otitis media is the inflammation of the ear drum or tympanic membrane this topic include its definition , etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and its treatment which can be used by nursing students for taking care of the patient suffering from otitis media and for learning for their examination and knowledge purpose
and care of the child with acute otitis media and chronic otitis media and make their family aware about the complication of the otitis media like hearing loss meningitis
NURSES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS. THEREFORE, IT IS NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT BLOOD, IT'S COMPONENTS, AND PRE-INTRA-POST TRANSFUSION RESPONSIBILITY.
Introduction: Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, accounting for 30-40% of the head and neck cancer. It is fairly common and very curable if found and treated at an early stage.
Definition: Oral cancer is also known as mouth cancer, is cancer of the lining of the lips, mouth or upper throat. It belongs to a large group of cancers called head and neck cancers.
Classification: The TNM classification stages different types of cancer based on certain standard criteria:
T describes the size of the primary tumor
N describe the lymph nodes
M describes whether the cancer has metastasized.
An anorectal abscess is a collection of pus in the anal or rectal region.
It may be caused by infection of an anal fissure, sexually transmitted infections or blocked anal glands.
An anorectal abscess is a collection of pus that builds up in the rectum and anus.
With prompt treatment, client with this condition usually recover very well.
Complications tend occur when treatment is delayed.
otitis media is the inflammation of the ear drum or tympanic membrane this topic include its definition , etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and its treatment which can be used by nursing students for taking care of the patient suffering from otitis media and for learning for their examination and knowledge purpose
and care of the child with acute otitis media and chronic otitis media and make their family aware about the complication of the otitis media like hearing loss meningitis
NURSES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS. THEREFORE, IT IS NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT BLOOD, IT'S COMPONENTS, AND PRE-INTRA-POST TRANSFUSION RESPONSIBILITY.
Introduction: Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, accounting for 30-40% of the head and neck cancer. It is fairly common and very curable if found and treated at an early stage.
Definition: Oral cancer is also known as mouth cancer, is cancer of the lining of the lips, mouth or upper throat. It belongs to a large group of cancers called head and neck cancers.
Classification: The TNM classification stages different types of cancer based on certain standard criteria:
T describes the size of the primary tumor
N describe the lymph nodes
M describes whether the cancer has metastasized.
An anorectal abscess is a collection of pus in the anal or rectal region.
It may be caused by infection of an anal fissure, sexually transmitted infections or blocked anal glands.
An anorectal abscess is a collection of pus that builds up in the rectum and anus.
With prompt treatment, client with this condition usually recover very well.
Complications tend occur when treatment is delayed.
Cancer of the oral cavity are associated with the use of tobacco and alcohol as they seems to have a synergistic carcinogenic effect.
More common after the age of 35 years, with 65 years behind the average age of diagnosis.
Oral cavity cancer is two times more common in men than in women.
The common sites of oral malignant lesions are lower lip (mostly), lateral border and undersurface of tongue, labial commissure and buccal mucosa.
According to NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE,
‘Oral cancer is defined as the cancer that forms in tissues of the oral cavity (the mouth) or the oropharynx (the part of the throat at the back of the mouth).’
According to FDI World Dental Federation,
‘Oral cancer is a type of head and neck cancer and is any cancerous tissue growth located in the oral cavity.’
Oral cancer is defined as the abnormal uncontrolled growth of cells in the oral cavity, characterized by lesions, thickened mass and dysphagia.
There are two types of oral cancer:-
Oral cavity cancer
(cancer that starts in mouth)
Oropharyngeal cancer
(cancer that starts in throat behind the mouth)
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a term used for the cancers of oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, accounts 90% malignant tumors.
The exact cause is unknown
Long term use of tobacco
History of frequent alcohol consumption
Prolong sunlight exposure may lead to lip cancer
Irritation from the pipe stem resting on the lip in Pipe smokers
HPV contributes 25% of oral cancer cases
Multiple oral sex partners
Low serum Vitamin A, C and E levels
Smoked meat ingestion
Poor oral hygiene
Recurrent herpetic lesion may lead to lip cancer
Immunosuppression
Syphilis
Chronic irritation (jagged tooth, ill fitting prosthesis, chemical or mechanical irritants)
TNM CLASSIFICATION OF ORAL CANCER
T- Primary tumor
TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumor
Tis Carcinoma in situ
T1 Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension
T2 Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension
T3 Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension
T4a Tumor invades through cortical bone, into deep/ extrinsic muscle of tongue, maxillary sinus, or skin of face
T4b Tumor invades masticator space, pterygoid plates, or skull base, or encases internal carotid artery
N- Regional Lymph nodes
NX Regional lymph node cannot be assessed
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
N1 Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension
N2 Metastasis in lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension
N3 Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension
M- Distant Metastasis
M0 No distant metastasis
M1 Distant metastasis
Lip Cancer
Indurated
Painless ulcer
Tongue Cancer
Ulcer or area of thickening
Soreness or pain
Increased salivation
Slurred speech
Dysphagia
Toothache
Earache(later sign)
Oral Cavity Cancer
Leukoplakia
Also known as Smoker's patch, white patch
The oral cavity includes the following:
1. The front two thirds of the tongue
2. The gingiva (gums)
3. The buccal mucosa (the lining of the inside of the cheeks)
4. The floor (bottom) of the mouth under the tongue
5. The hard palate (the roof of the mouth)
6. The retromolar trigone (the small area behind the wisdom teeth)
Oral cancer, also called mouth cancer, forms in the oral cavity, which includes all parts of your mouth that you can see if you open wide and look in the mirror. Your lips, gums, tongue, cheeks, roof or floor of the mouth. Oral cancer forms when cells on the lips or in the mouth mutate.
Parotitis is the inflammation of the parotid glands. It is the most common inflammatory condition of the salivary glands, although inflammation can occur in the other salivary glands as well.
reviewed the literature ;Multidisciplinary management of gastric cancer
Yixing Jianga and Jaffer A. Ajani
; pictures taken from Sabiston textbook of surgery.
Small intestine perforation- Easy ppt for student nurses
definition
causes
clinical manifestations
diagnostic tests
management of small intestine perforation
Introduction to Nursing-
Concept
Meaning
Definition of Nursing-
1. According to Florence Nightingale
2. According to American Nurses Association
Scope of Nursing
Aims of Nursing
Roles, Responsibilities and functions of nursing
Review of lungs anatomy and physiology- Easy explanation for students
Introduction
Anatomy
Air movement through Lungs
Physiology of Respiration
Assessment of Respiratory System
Types of bed in Nursing- easy explanation for Student Nurses
CLOSED BED
OPEN BED
ADMISSION BED
OCCUPIED BED
OPERATION BED/POST ANESTHESIA BED/RECOVERY BED
CARDIAC BED
FRACTURE BED
AMPUTATION BED/STUMP BED
BURN BED
Cancer of Breast - easy ppt for Nursing Students
Definition
Risk factors
Clinical manifestations
Assessment & diagnostic findings
Management
Surgery
Breast cancer rehabilitation
Pharyngitis- Easy PPT for Nursing StudentsSwatilekha Das
Pharyngitis- Easy PPT for Nursing Students
organs of the respiratory system
Definition
Acute Pharyngitis definition
Causes
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nutritional therapy
Chronic Pharyngitis
types
Clinical manifestations
Medical management
Cancer of Prostate- Easy PPT for Nursing StudentsSwatilekha Das
Cancer of Prostate- Easy PPT for Nursing Students
Definition & picture
Risk factors
Clinical manifestations
Assessment & diagnostic methods
Medical management
Surgical Management
-Radical prostatectomy
Radiation therapy
Hormone therapy
Other therapies
Thank you
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. Cancer of the Oral Cavity and
Pharynx
Cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx can occur in any part
of the mouth (lips, lateral tongue, floor of mouth most
common) or throat and is highly curable if discovered early.
3. Risk factors
Cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking
use of smokeless tobacco
excessive use of alcohol
Oral cancers are often associated with the combined use of alcohol
and tobacco.
Other factors include gender (male), age (older than 50 years)
African American descent
Malignancies of the oral cavity are usually squamous cell cancers.
4. Clinical Manifestations
• Few or no symptoms; most commonly a painless sore or
mass that will not heal.
• Typical lesion is a painful indurated ulcer with raised
edges.
• As the cancer progresses, patient may complain of
tender-ness; difficulty in chewing, swallowing, or
speaking; coughing of blood-tinged sputum; or enlarged
cervical lymph nodes.
6. Medical Management
• Management varies with the nature of the lesion,
preference of the physician, and patient choice.
Resectional surgery radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or
a combination may be effective.
• Lip cancer: Small lesions are excised liberally; larger
lesions may be treated by radiation therapy.
7. • Tongue cancer:Treated aggressively, recurrence rate is
high. Radiation and surgery (total resection or
hemiglossectomy) are performed.
• Radical neck dissection for metastases of oral cancer to
lymphatic channel in the neck region with reconstructive
surgery.
8. Nursing Management
Preoperative
• Assess the patient’s nutritional status preoperatively; a dietary consultation may be
necessary.
• Implement enteral (through the GI tract) or parenteral (IV) feedings as needed to maintain
adequate nutrition.
• If a radial graft is to be performed, perform an Allen test on the donor arm must to ensure
that the ulnar artery is patent and can provide blood flow to the hand after removal of the
radial artery.
• Assess the patient’s ability to communicate in writing as ver-bal communication may be
impaired by radical surgery for oral cancer (provide a pen and paper after surgery to patients
who can use them to communicate).
• Obtain a communication board with commonly used words or pictures (give after surgery to
patients who cannot write so that they may point to needed items).
• Consult a speech therapist.
9. Postoperative
• Assess for a patent airway.
• Perform suctioning if the patient is unable to manage oral
secretions; if grafting was part of the surgery, suctioning must
be performed with care to prevent damage to the graft.
• Assess the graft for viability; assess color (white may indicate
arterial occlusion, and blue mottling may indicate venous
congestion), although it can be difficult to assess the graft by
looking into the mouth.
• A Doppler ultrasound device may be used to locate the radial
pulse at the graft site and to assess graft perfusion.