Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and the spread of abnormal cells. Cancer cells are able to grow uncontrollably and invade other tissues because of DNA damage that is not repaired. The development of most cancers can be linked to environmental exposures, like tobacco smoke, pollution, ultraviolet radiation from the sun, and certain viruses. While cancer risk increases with age as DNA damage accumulates, lifestyle factors like diet, physical activity, sun protection, and not smoking can significantly impact cancer risk and prevention. Common cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, which can cause side effects by also damaging healthy cells.

1. Cancer

2. What is Cancer?
Cancer is a disease characterized
by uncontrolled division of cells
and the ability of these cells to
invade other tissues.
The World Health Organization's cancer site

3. Normal Vs. Cancer Cells
Normal body cells grow, divide, and
die in an orderly fashion.
American Cancer society

4. … Normal Vs. Cancer Cells
Because cancer cells continue to
grow and divide, they are different
from normal cells.
Instead of dying, they outlive normal
cells and continue to form new
abnormal cells.

5. Why do Cancer Cells Develop?
• Cancer cells develop because of
damaged DNA which is not repaired.
People can inherit damaged DNA,
which accounts for inherited cancers.
• Most often though, a person's DNA
becomes damaged by exposure to
something in the environment.
American Cancer Society

6. Warning Signals for Cancer
1. A change in bowel or bladder habits
2. A sore that does not heal
3. Unusual bleeding or discharge
4. Thickening or a lump in the breast or
elsewhere
5. Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
6. Obvious change in a wart or mole
7. Nagging cough or hoarseness
American Cancer Society, Inc. 1-800-ACS-2345

7. Cancer and the USA
• Cancer is the second leading cause of
death in the United States.
• 1/2 of all men and 1/3 of all women
will develop cancer during their
lifetimes.
Millions of people are living with
cancer.
• The risk of developing most types of
cancer can be reduced by changes
in a person's lifestyle.

8. Stages of Cancer

9. Stages of Cancer
1. Is small and contained within the
organ it started in.
2. Is localized, but the tumor is getting
larger.
3. Is found in the lymph nodes in the
affected area.
4. Has spread from where it started to
another body organ.
Cancer Research UK

10. Metastasis
Metastasis is the stage in which cancer
cells are transported through the
bloodstream or lymphatic system.

11. Pollution

12. Cigarette Smoking

13. About 90% of all lung
cancers are caused by
smoking.
Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks
to humans. Volume 83. IARC 2004 Lung cancer and smoking – UK. Cancer Stats. Cancer Research
UK, April 2004 ,

14. Second Hand Smoking
• Secondhand smoke causes
approximately 3,400 lung cancer
deaths in the United States each year
• non-smokers who are exposed to
second-hand smoke are 20% to 30%
more likely to develop lung cancer.
California Environmental Protection Agency.
Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental
Tobacco Smoke. June 2005. BBC

15. Cancers Linked to Tobacco
• Lung
• Lip
• Mouth (oral cavity)
• Throat (pharynx)
• Voice Box (larynx)
• Trachea (wind
pipe)
• Esophagus
• Stomach
•Pancreas
•Bladder
•Kidney
•Cervix
•Leukemia
•Colon
•Skin
•Penis
•Liver

16. Pollution
Air pollution significantly raises the risk
of dying from lung cancer and is
about as dangerous as living with a
smoker.
USA TODAY

17. Breast Cancer

18. Breast Cancer
• This year, about 182,800 women in the
U.S. will be diagnosed with breast
cancer.
• 80% won't have any genetic
predisposition to the disease.
• Your chances of knowing a woman
with breast cancer is almost 100%.
• Every year, about 1,500 men will be
diagnosed with breast cancer also.

19. Causes of Breast Cancer
• Alcohol
• Caffeine
• Meat eating
Thomas DB. Cancer. In: Last JM, Wallace RB, editors. Reventive
Medicine - 13th edition. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1992 p. 816.
Craig WJ. Caffeine Update: What’s Brewing? In: Nutrition for the
Nineties… Equ Claire, MI: Golden Harvest Books, 1992 p. 286
Hirayama T. Epidemiology of breast cancer with special reference to
the role of diet. Prev. Med 1987 Jun

20. Colon Cancer

21. Colon Cancer
• Diets high in fat predispose humans to
colorectal cancer.
• In countries with high colorectal
cancer rates, the fat intake by the
population is much higher than in
countries with low cancer rates.
©1996-2006 Medicine Net, Inc.

22. • The breakdown products of fat
metabolism lead to the formation
of cancer-causing chemicals
(carcinogens).
• Diets high in vegetables and high-fiber
foods such as whole-grain
breads and cereals rid the bowel
of these carcinogens and help
reduce the risk of cancer.

23. Colon Cancer
Consumption of processed or red
meat and fish is associated with an
increased risk of colorectal cancer.
European Prospective Investigation
into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is
coordinated by Dr Elio Riboli

24. Colon Cancer
A study published in the Journal of the
National Cancer Institute found a clear
and straightforward association
between high-glycemic foods and
colorectal cancer.
Higginbotham, S. and Zhang, Z. “Dietary Glycemic Load and Risk of
Colorectal Cancer in the Women’s Health Study." Journal of the
National Cancer Institute 96.3

25. Colon Cancer
Researchers at Harvard and UCLA
found that women who ate the most
high-glycemic load foods were almost
three times more likely to develop
colorectal cancer
Higginbotham, S. and Zhang, Z. “Dietary Glycemic Load and Risk of
Colorectal Cancer in the Women’s Health Study." Journal of the
National Cancer Institute 96.3

26. High-Glycemic Foods
• Candy
• Potatoes
• White bread
Higgenbotham, S, Journal of the
National Cancer Institute, Feb. 4,
2004; vol 96: pp 229-233. Terry, P.
Journal of the National Cancer
Institute, June 18, 2003

27. Whole foods rich in fiber have a low-glycemic
load.
Higgenbotham, S, Journal of the National Cancer Institute,
Feb. 4, 2004; vol 96: pp 229-233. Terry, P. Journal of the
National Cancer Institute, June 18, 2003

28. Skin Cancer
In 2006, melanoma
will be the 4th most
commonly
diagnosed form of
cancer for men and
the 5th most
commonly
diagnosed cancer
for women in the
United States.
Healthcare LLC

29. … Skin Cancer
• Ultraviolet radiation from the sun is the
major cause of skin cancer.
• Babies under 6 months old should be
kept out of the sun completely.
Their skin can't produce enough
melanin to protect them from UV light.
• There is a link between childhood
sunburn and malignant melanoma
later in life.

30. Permanent Damage
• When our skin gets tanned or burned,
damage is done to individual skin cells and
DNA.
• Some cells die and some repair themselves
by getting rid of the damaged DNA.
• Ultraviolet light contained within sunlight
lowers the body’s immune system, and
makes it difficult to destroy defective cells.
• Cells that cannot repair themselves,
become cancerous.
• Melanoma begins as a formation of dark-pigmented
malignant moles or tumors.

31. … Permanent Damage …
It is very important to notice any
changes in the number and
appearance of moles on the body.
Melanomas can occur anywhere on
the body but are most frequently found
on the upper back and legs. You
should be aware of unusual skin
conditions such as:
BBC

32. … Permanent Damage
 Change in size or color of moles or
birthmarks
 Bleeding around current birthmarks
Appearance of dark or irregular growths or
spots
 The spread of pigment into the surrounding
skin
 Itchiness, tenderness or pain in the
surrounding area
BBC

33. Cancer Treatments

34. Chemotherapy
• Chemotherapy interferes with:
• Cell division
• The duplication of DNA
• The separation of newly formed
chromosomes
• Most forms of chemotherapy target all
rapidly dividing cells and are not specific for
cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy harms healthy tissue,
especially tissues that have a high
replacement rate such as intestinal lining.

35. Side Effects of Chemo
• A sore mouth
• Mouth ulcers
• Sickness (nausea and vomiting)
• Loss of appetite
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Hair loss
• Skin and Nails (dry and discolored)
Cancer Research UK 2002

36. Radiation
• Radiation works by damaging the DNA
within the tumor cells, making them unable
to divide and grow.
• Although radiation is directed at the
tumor, non-cancerous tissues surrounding
the tumor will also be affected by the
radiation and therefore be damaged.
1995-2006 Life Extension Foundation

37. Natural Treatment
• Fever treatment
• Juicing of vegetables
• Garlic
• Follow the eight health laws

38. Cancer and Ageing
Cancer may affect people of all ages,
but the risk tends to increase with age,
due to the fact that DNA damage
becomes more apparent with aging.

39. Cancer and the
Immune System

40. Cancer and the Immune System
• All cancer is the result of an immune
system that didn't destroy mutant cells.
• The immune system of a healthy
person destroys 10,000 cancer cells
every day.
• When this defense ceases, the cancer
can multiply and become a clinical
case of cancer.
© 2006 breastcancer.org™ breastcancer.org

41. Instead of damaging the body's only defense
against cancer with chemicals and radiation,
we should focus on strengthening the
immune system so it will do it's job.

42. Prevention is the Key

43. Plant-Based Diet
• Foods that come from the plant
kingdom rather than the animal
kingdom have many protective
factors.
• Antioxidants, anticarcinogens and
bioflavonoids are some of the terms
used to describe the actions of
phytonutrients.
• Foods rich in plant derived nutrients
include berries, dark green leafy
vegetables, citrus fruits, legumes and
whole grains.

44. 80% of cancer is preventable by
simple lifestyle choices.
.
Doctors have concluded that 90%
of cancer is due to environmental
factors
Wynder EL, Gori GB. Contribution of the environment to cancer
incidence an epidemiologic exercise. J Natl Cancer Inst 1977 Higginson
J. Present trends in cancer epidemiology. Can Cancer Conf 1969

45. 6 Steps to Prevent Cancer
1. Don’t use tobacco
2. Eat a variety of healthy foods
3. Stay active and maintain a healthy
weight
4. Protect yourself from the sun
5. Get screened
6. Consider other possible cancer-fighting
strategies
1998-2006 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research

46. Nutrition and Cancer

47. Does What We Eat Affect us?
• The National Cancer Institute estimates
that at least 35% of all cancers have a
nutritional connection.
• What we eat makes a big difference in
our energy levels, our mood and even
our self esteem.

48. Excess weight and eating too much
cholesterol and other fats are risk
factors for cancer.
Researcher say that fat appears to
reduce white blood cell production,
affecting T-cell and macrophage
activity.
Further, obesity and a poor diet
compromise the lymphatic system,
making the body more vulnerable to
infection and disease.
Conference on food choices for cancer recovery.

49. Free Radicals

50. Free Radicals
• Free radicals are cells that have lost an
electron, thus are unstable cells.
• They steal electrons from other cells in
effort to heal themselves, creating new
free radicals in the process.
• By stealing electrons, it can cause
damage to DNA, leading to the
possible development of cancer.
The New York Times Company

51. … Free Radicals
• Antioxidants search for free radicals
and lend them an electron.
• This stabilizes the molecule, thus
preventing damage to other cells.
• Antioxidants also turn free radicals into
waste by products, and they get
eliminated from the body.
• Antioxidants also have the ability to
repair previous damage to cells.
The New York Times Company

52. Cause of Free Radicals
• Cigarette smoke
• Pollution
• Exposure to sunlight
• Normal daily processes like food
digestion and breathing
The New York Times Company

53. Free Radicals in Food
• Foods cooked at high heat
(especially animal products such as
meat, dairy products, eggs)
• Animal fats and proteins
• Metabolic waste products that are
contained in animal tissues

54. … Free Radicals in Food
• Refined foods such as:
- white sugar
- white flours
- hydrogenated oils.
• Preservatives, colorings, and other
food additives

55. Antioxidants
• Antioxidants are substances that
prevent damage to cells caused by
free radicals.
• Antioxidants interact with and
stabilize free radicals and may
prevent some of the damage free
radicals might otherwise cause.
Blot WJ, Li JY, Taylor PR, et al. Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China:
supplementation with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, and
disease-specific mortality in the general population. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1483-
91.2)The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group.

56. Beta-Carotene
• Beta carotene is found in many foods that
are orange in color:
- sweet potatoes
- carrots
- cantaloupe
- squash
- apricots
- pumpkin
- mangos
• Some green leafy vegetables such as
collard greens, spinach, and kale

57. Lycopene
Lycopene is a potent antioxidant
found in:
- tomatoes
- watermelon
- guava
- papaya
- apricots
- pink grapefruit
- blood oranges

58. Selenium
• Selenium is a mineral, not an
antioxidant nutrient.
However, it is a component of
antioxidant enzymes.
• Plant foods like rice and wheat are
the major sources of selenium.
Brazil nuts also contain large
quantities of selenium.

59. Vitamin C
Vitamin C is also
called ascorbic
acid, and can be
found in high
abundance in
many fruits and
vegetables.
Blot WJ, Li JY, Taylor PR, et al. Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: supplementation
with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality
in the general population. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1483-91.2)The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta
Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group.

60. Vitamin E
Vitamin E is found in:
- Almonds
- Sunflower oil
- Corn oil
- Soybean oils
- Mangos
- Nuts
- Broccoli
Blot WJ, Li JY, Taylor PR, et al. Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: supplementation
with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, and disease-specific
mortality in the general population. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1483-91.2)The Alpha-
Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group.

61. Vitamin A
Vitamin A is found in three main forms:
retinol (Vitamin A1), 3,4-didehydroretinol
(Vitamin A2), and 3-hydroxy-retinol
(Vitamin A3).
Foods rich in vitamin A sweet potatoes and
carrots.
Blot WJ, Li JY, Taylor PR, et al. Nutrition intervention trials in
Linxian, China: supplementation with specific
vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, and
disease-specific mortality in the general population. J Natl
Cancer Inst 1993;85:1483-91.2)The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta
Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group.

62. Exercise
A UK trial has shown
that exercise
therapy hastens
recovery and
improves the long-term
physical and
mental well being of
women who are
recovering from
breast cancer.

63. … Exercise
Researchers at The University of Texas
M. D. Anderson Cancer Center have
found that exercise decreases pain
and helps breast cancer survivors feel
healthier and increase participation in
daily activities.
The Active for Life after Breast Cancer Study, published Friday in the journal, Patient
Education and Counseling, evaluated the effect of exercise on former cancer patients'
physical well-being

64. Exercise
In one small study, researchers found
that moderate exercise (three or more
times a week) increased the immune
cell counts of women undergoing
breast cancer treatment back to
normal levels.
Exercise was also found to improve the
women's mood and ability to handle
their feelings comfortably.
© 2006 breastcancer.org™

65. Water
Dehydration
causes a
disturbance in the
normal
physiological
functions in the
body, which
allows cancer to
develop.
Global Health Solutions watercure.com

66. Sunshine

67. Too Much Sun
• Sunburn from UV radiation can cause
damage to your skin, potentially
leading to skin cancer.
• Most people receive 80% of their
lifetime exposure to the sun by 18 years
of age.

68. The Benefits of Sunlight
• Research suggests that sunshine
actually does bathe us in a favorable
light.
• Recent studies have found that
sunlight can help protect you from
cancer of the:
 Breast
 Colon
 Ovary

69. The Benefits of Sunlight
 Bladder
 Womb
 Stomach
 Prostate gland
BBC

70. Temperance

71. True Temperance
True temperance means dispensing
entirely with everything hurtful, and
using judiciously that which is healthful.
Child Guidance (1954) Chap. Sixty – Three – Temperance in All Things

72. … True Temperance
Few realize how much their habits of
diet have to do with their health, their
character, their usefulness in this world,
and their eternal destiny.
The appetite should ever be in
subjection to the moral and
intellectual powers.
The body should be servant to the
mind, and not the mind to the body.
Child Guidance (1954) Chap. Sixty – Three – Temperance in All Things

73. Air

74. Study on Rats
A group of rats with cancer were
allowed to breathe negatively
charged air, while an equal number
breathed common indoor air. After
one month the cancer in the rats
breathing the indoor air was twice the
size of the cancer in the rats breathing
the negatively charged air.

75. Rest

76. Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation weakens the immune
system leaving us more susceptible to
the common cold and even more
serious diseases and disorders such as
diabetes and cancer.
©2006 About, Inc., A part of The New York Times Company

77. Rest
Tissue growth and repair takes place
during hours of darkness and while
the person is asleep. A person with
cancer needs this healing and
rebuilding time of the night.

78. Trust in God

79. …Trust in God
In an Australian study, researchers
found that patients who saw
themselves as most religious were less
likely to have cancer than those who
were not as religious.

80. … Trust in God
Researchers at the University of Texas
did a study about the impact of deep
faith on the condition of women with
breast cancer.
They found in a group of patients that
"intrinsic religiousness" was a strong
predictor of spiritual well-being and
hope – both of which are important
factors for successfully coping with
cancer.
Source: November 1993 issue of the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

81. If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of the
Lord they God, and wilt do that which is right in
his sight, and wilt give ear to his commandments,
and keep all his statutes, I will put none of these
diseases upon thee, which I have brought upon the
Egyptians: for I am the Lord that healeth thee.
Exodus 15:26