This document discusses the health benefits of a plant-based diet and the risks associated with animal product consumption. It provides several studies that show vegetarians and vegans have lower rates of chronic diseases like cancer, heart disease, diabetes and obesity. Cancer risks are higher with diets high in fat, meat and dairy. Plant foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains and legumes contain antioxidants and other beneficial compounds that protect against disease initiation and promotion.

2. than in non-vegetarians.
Cancer incidence among California Seventh-day
Adventists, 1976-1982.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1994,
59(supplement):1136S-1142S

3. • Incidence of breast andIncidence of breast and
prostate cancer less inprostate cancer less in
vegetariansvegetarians
• Incidence of ovarian andIncidence of ovarian and
endometrial cancer less inendometrial cancer less in
vegetariansvegetarians
• Incidence of skin cancerIncidence of skin cancer
and brain cancer less inand brain cancer less in
vegetariansvegetarians

4. STEPS TO CANCER
Step 1:A. Initiation
A. Free radicals get
into the cell’s
nucleus and damage
the DNA.
F r e e r a d i c a l s
D N AA n t i o x i d a n t s
N u c l e u s

5. FREE RADICALS
• Trauma, injury, inflammation
• Excessive exercise
• Smog
• High fat diet
• Overeating

6. FREE RADICALS
• Excessive radiation in general
• Too much ultra violet light
• Aging
• Too much or too little
oxygen for too long

7. STEPS TO CANCER
Step 1:A. Initiation
First line defense
A cell has the ability to
repair it’s own DNA
or even cut out the
damaged DNA strand.
F r e e r a d i c a l s
D N AA n t i o x i d a n t s
N u c l e u s

8. STEPS TO CANCER
Note: Antioxidants, such as lycopene,
vitamins A, C, E, selenium
and genistein stop the free
radicals from harming
the cell.
F r e e r a d i c a l s
D N AA n t i o x i d a n t s
N u c l e u s
Step 1:A. Initiation

9. ANTIOXIDANT RICH FRUITS
• Strawberries
• Blueberries
• Plums
• Oranges & grapefruit, all citrus
• Kiwi fruits
• Grapes, especially muscadine varieties
• Bananas
• Apples
• Tomatoes

10. ANTIOXIDANT RICH VEGGIES
• Garlic
• Kale
• Spinach
• Brussels
Sprouts
• Alfalfa sprouts
• Broccoli
• Beets
• Red bell pepper
• Onion
• Corn

11. STEPS TO CANCER
A. Most cancer
causing chemicals
enter the body as
procarcinogens.
P h a s e I
E n z y m e s
P r o c a r c i n o g e n s
C a r c i n o g e n s
Step 1:B. Initiation
-1st
line of defense

12. STEPS TO CANCER
B. In order for them to
become dangerous,
carcinogens capable
of damaging DNA
must first be broken
down by phase I
enzymes produced
in the liver.
P h a s e I
E n z y m e s
P r o c a r c i n o g e n s
C a r c i n o g e n s
Step 1:B. Initiation
-1st
line of defense

13. STEPS TO CANCER
C. Foods to the Rescue
Garlic contains allyl
sulfides, which limit the
production of phase I
enzymes.
Step 1:B. Initiation –
1st
line of defense

14. STEPS TO CANCER
The liver also produces
phase II enzymes to
cart off the dangerous
residue that the phase I
enzymes leave behind.
Step 1:B. Initiation –
1st
line of defense

15. STEPS TO CANCER
C. Foods to the Rescue
Cruciferous vegetables,
rich in sulforaphane,
boost the production of
phase II enzymes.
Step 1:B Initiation –
1st
line of defense

16. STEPS TO CANCER
C. Foods to the Rescue
Vitamin C prevents the
formation of
carcinogens from
nitrates in the colon.
Step 1:B. Initiation –
1st
line of defense

17. STEPS TO CANCER
C. Foods to the Rescue
Dietary fibers, increase
the elimination of
carcinogens from the
body.
Step 1:B. Initiation –
1st
line of defense

18. STEPS TO CANCER
If first line defenses fail and a cell
undergoes potentially cancerous changes,
the body’s best
defense is to destroy
the cell or to keep it
from dividing rapidly.
O m e g a - 3
F a t t y A c i d s
D a m a g e d D N A
O m e g a - 6
F a t t y A c i d s
Step 2:A. Promotion – 2nd
line of defense

19. STEPS TO CANCER
A. The omega-6 fatty acids found in corn
and safflower oil seem to promote rapid
cell division.
O m e g a - 3
F a t t y A c i d s
D a m a g e d D N A
O m e g a - 6
F a t t y A c i d s
Step 2:A. Promotion

20. STEPS TO CANCER
A. The omega-3 fatty acids in flax and olives
may thwart tumor growth by crowding
other fats out of cells.
O m e g a - 3
F a t t y A c i d s
D a m a g e d D N A
O m e g a - 6
F a t t y A c i d s
Step 2:A. Promotion

21. STEPS TO CANCER
B. Reproductive
tissues are particularly
cancer-prone, dividing
rapidly when triggered
by the body’s own sex
hormones. Estrogen
promotes fast growth
of breast cells in
woman.
Step 2:B. Promotion
E s t r o g e n
R e c e p t o r s
P l a n t
E s t r o g e n
B o d y ’ s E s t r o g e n

22. STEPS TO CANCER
B. Soy products contain isoflavones, which
act as estrogen leaving less room for the
body’s estrogen.
E s t r o g e n
R e c e p t o r s
P l a n t
E s t r o g e n
B o d y ’ s E s t r o g e n
Step 2:B. Promotion – 2nd
line of defense

24. World Cancer Research Fund and
American Institute for Cancer, “Food,
Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer: A
Global Perspective,” 1997, 456-457

25. Breast cancer rates are
much lower in populations
that consume plant based
diets.
American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts
and Figures, 1994

26. A causal relationship between red
meat consumption and cancer is
supported by several large studies
conducted in the U.S. Specifically,
women with the highest level of
meat consumption had double the
rate of breast cancer compared to
those who consumed a small
amount of meat.
Epidemiology, 5:4(1994), 391

27. FAT INTAKE: BREAST CANCER
F e m a l e
T o t a l d i e t a r y f a t i n t a k e ( g m / d a y ) 1 9 4 4 - 6 6
A g e a d j u s t e d d e a t h r a t e / 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u l a t i o n ( 1 9 7 0 )
2 5
2 0
1 5
1 0
5
2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0
M e x i c o
V e n e z u e l a
T h a i l a n d
J a p a n
P o l a n d
G r e e c e
H o n g K o n g
P o r t u g a l
F i n l a n d
A u s t r a l i a
S w e d e n
F r a n c e
M a l t a W e s t G e r m a n y
C a n a d a
U S A

28. FOODS HIGH IN FATS
Milk
Cheese
Eggs
Meat

29. Using a macrobiotic diet emphasizingUsing a macrobiotic diet emphasizing
whole grains, vegetables, and legumeswhole grains, vegetables, and legumes
while avoiding dairy products and mostwhile avoiding dairy products and most
meats, nine men withmeats, nine men with prostate cancerprostate cancer
had an average survival of 228 months,had an average survival of 228 months,
compared to 72 months for a matchedcompared to 72 months for a matched
group of men using no special diet.group of men using no special diet.
Journal of the American College of Nutrition,
1993; 12 209-26

30. With the exception of
tobacco consumption,
in the etiology of human cancer.
Toxicology, December, 2002, Volume 181-182

31. Vegans tend to have low
serum lipids, lean physiques,
later puberty, and decreased
risk for certain prominent
‘Western’ cancers; a vegan
diet has documented clinical
efficacy in rheumatoid
arthritis.
Medical Hypotheses, 1999 Dec; 53(6):459-85

32. This diet has a comprehensive
ability to control the expression
of the genes that predispose to
many diseases such as heart
disease, cancer, diabetes,
obesity, childhood allergies,
osteoporosis.
T. Colin Campbell, Ph.D. Cornell University, “The China Study”

33. The matched subjects who ate
meat (including poultry and fish)
were more than twice as likely to
become demented as their
vegetarian counterparts.
Neuroepidemiology, 1993; 12(1):28-36

34. Evidence suggests that most
of the chronic degenerative
diseases can be reversed or
at least suspended from
further development, by
consuming a plant-based diet.
T. Colin Campbell, Ph.D. Cornell University, “The China Study”

35. Pancreatic cancer occurs much
more frequently in countries
where fat consumption and/or
animal product consumption is
high.
American Journal of
Epidemiology, 1990; 132:423-431

36. Prostate cancer patients
consume a diet higher in fat,
meat, & dairy products than
those who do not have
prostate cancer. And, the
higher the consumption, the
higher the death rate.
Cancer, 1989; 64:598-604

37. Cancer odds ratios for the highest
percentiles of red meat intake (7 or
more times per week) compared with
the lowest (3 or fewer times per
week) were 1.6 for stomach, 1.9 for
colon, 1.7 for rectal, 1.6 for
pancreatic, 1.6 for bladder, 1.2 for
breast, 1.5 for endometrial and 1.3
for ovarian cancer.
International Journal of Cancer, May 1, 2000, 86:425-428

38. High-vegetable fiber intakes
reduces risk factors for
cardiovascular disease and
colon cancer.
Metabolism, 2001 Apr; 50(4):494-
503

39. Low-fat vegan diets are
especially protective in
regard to cancers linked to
insulin resistance – namely,
breast and colon cancer – as
well as prostate cancer;
Medical Hypotheses, 1999 Dec; 53(6):459-85

40. Nine studies of childhood brain
tumors and maternal diet during
pregnancy have focused on
foods. An association between
frequent consumption of cured
meat (hot dogs, baloney) by
pregnant women and increased
risk is a consistent finding in
most of the studies.

41. Intake of legumes lowers the
risks of colon cancer and
pancreatic cancer.
Higher consumption of all fruit or
dried fruit was associated with
lower risks of lung, prostate, and
pancreatic cancers.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999 Sep; 70 (3
Suppl):532S-538S

42. Researchers followed 384 men with
prostate cancer over a five-year
period…those who consumed the
most saturated fat - the kind
particularly prevalent in meats and
dairy products-had three times the
risk of dying from the disease,
compared to those with the lowest
saturated fat intake.
European Journal of Urology, 1999; 388:91

43. Evidence strongly suggests that a high
intake of plant-based foods, and a low
intake of animal products contribute to
the excellent health of Mediterranean
populations. The high consumption of
red meat in Western diets is associated
with calcium losses likely to contribute
to osteoporosis.
American Journal Clinical Nutrition, 1995; 61, 1416

44. Data are strong that
vegetarians are at lesser risk
for alcoholism.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
1988 Sep; 48 (3Suppl):712-38

45. 84 prostate cancer men who were able to
defer treatment because of a careful
watch on their prostate-specific antigen
(PSA). Half the men were assigned to
usual care (control group) and the
remaining half to a low-fat, vegan diet,
along with regular exercise and stress
management.
Urology, 2001; 57(4 Suppl 1):200-1

46. In the control group, the PSA levels rose
over the three-month study period, and 7
required additional treatment. But in the
42 men assigned to the vegan diet and
lifestyle intervention, the average PSA
level dropped from 6.3 to 5.8, and none
required further treatment.
Urology, 2001; 57(4 Suppl 1):200-1

47. The beneficial effects of
consuming a plant-based diet
can only be fully appreciated and
demonstrated when it is
understood that nutrients work
in concert.
T. Colin Campbell, Ph.D. Cornell University, “The China Study”

48. Every 12 minutes someone
dies from breast cancer. Yet
women who eat as few as two
servings of vegetables per
day reduce their breast
cancer risk by 30%.
Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 768(Sept. 30, 1995): 1-11

49. Eating a diet rich in plant
foods, remains the best
option for reducing the risk of
colon cancer; and general
health protection.
The Lancet, May 3, 2003, Volume 361, p 1448

50. One study tested mostly raw vegan
diet in 30 patients with fibromyalgia,
syndrome of chronic fatigue, pain,
poor sleep, depression, and anxiety.
After several months on the diet, 19
participants showed signs of
improvement in range of motion,
flexibility, and other measures.
BMC Complementary Alternative Medicine, 2001; 1:7

51. High protein diets impairHigh protein diets impair
mental functioning.mental functioning.
International Journal of Obesity,
Related Metabolic Disorders, 1995; 19:811

52. Cow’s milk, especially
processed cow’s milk,
has been linked to a variety of health
problems, including: mucous production,
hemoglobin loss, childhood diabetes,
heart disease, atherosclerosis, arthritis,
kidney stones, mood swings,
depression, irritability, and allergies.
Townsend Medical Letter, May 1995; Julie Klotter, MD

53. Review
• Daniel’s Experience
– Do not defile self
– Saved unto good works
– Good works help us
• Walk with God
• Witness to others
• Make a gift to God
• Bring good to family
Cannot safely break even
the least commandment
• Laws of God
– Laws of the mind
• Train to dwell on
heavenly themes
• Resist discontent
• Encourage calmness
• What is in the mind will
be expressed, which
strengthens it
• True sanctification is
loving God supremely
and harmonizing with
Him.
• Harmonizing with God
involves Habit training

54. Daniel’s Experience
Do not defile self
Saved unto good works
Good works help us
Walk with God
Witness to others
Make a gift to God
Bring good to family
Cannot safely break even the least
commandment

55. Basal cell carcinoma

59. Skin Cancer
Asymmetry
Border

60. Skin Cancer
Color
Diameter

61. Breast Cyst
Fibrocystic
Alteration
Fibroadeoma
Normal
Breast

63. Normal
Duct Invasive
Ductal
Carcinoma
Hyperplasia
Atypical
Hyperplasia
Ductal
Carcinoma
In-Situ
What Does Cancer
Look Like?
Symptoms of Carcinoma
Dimpling of skin like an orange
Painless or painful lump
Retracted nipple
Bloody discharge from nipple
Change in contour of breast

66. •Fats are designated as:
Unsaturated
Saturated
Polyunsaturated
Monounsaturated
solid at room temperature
liquids at room temperature

67. Women eating
the highest amounts of red meats,
sweets, French fries and refined
grains had
1.5 times the risk of colon1.5 times the risk of colon
cancercancer of women who ate more
fruits, vegetables, fish and whole
grains.

68. An association was found
between consumption of red
meat, particularly processed
meat, and risk of colorectal
cancer, which corresponds with
current advice to limit intakes of
red meat and meat products.
Cancer Epidemiology,
Biomarkers and Prevention,
2001; 10: 439-446

69. 40% of the world’s cancer cases
could be prevented through the
adoption of diets rich in grains,
fruit and vegetables. (Still use
meat, however!)
American Institute for Cancer
Research; World Cancer Fund
10/16/97