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Unit-5 Introduction To Rational Drug Use
This comprehensive presentation explores the critical concept of rational drug use as defined by the World Health Organization and examines the vital role pharmacists play in promoting appropriate medication practices. The presentation talks about the global problem of irrational drug use, where more than half of medicines are prescribed incorrectly and half of patients don't take them correctly. Key topics covered include essential drugs, national drug regulatory frameworks, quality assurance mechanisms, and WHO's 12 key interventions for promoting rational drug use. The presentation provides detailed examples of commonly misused drugs including antibiotics (penicillins, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin) and analgesics (aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac), highlighting patterns such as polypharmacy, inappropriate antimicrobial use, and overuse of injections. The presentation emphasizes practical guidelines for rational prescribing, WHO drug use indicators, patient care standards, and the multifaceted responsibilities of pharmacists in drug and therapeutic committees, dispensing, patient education, pharmaceutical care services, and drug information management. This resource is valuable for pharmacy students, healthcare professionals, medical educators, and anyone involved in healthcare policy and medication management.
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Unit-5 Introduction To Rational Drug Use
- 1. Introduction to RationalUse of Drugs and Role of Pharmacist
- 2. Essential Drugs "Drugs thatsatisfy the health care needs of majority of population" • Available always in adequate amounts • Appropriate dosage forms • Accessible at affordable cost
- 3. National Drug RegulatoryFramework • Establish National Drug Regulatory Authority • Form National Drug & Therapeutic Committee (NDTC) • Use generic names for all drugs • Provide comprehensive drug information booklet
- 4. Quality Assurance Quality Assurance= Product Development + GMP + Quality Monitoring • WHO Certification Scheme • Bioavailability testing • International Nonproprietary Names (INN)
- 5. Rational Use ofDrugs - WHO Definition "Patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their individual requirements, for adequate time, at lowest cost"
- 6. Global Problem ofIrrational Drug Use • Over 50% of medicines prescribed inappropriately • 50% of patients fail to take them correctly • Results in wastage and health hazards
- 7. Examples of IrrationalDrug Use • Polypharmacy (too many drugs per patient) • Inappropriate use of antimicrobials • Overuse of injections • Inappropriate self-medication
- 8. Commonly Misused Drugs- Antibiotics • Penicillins - Prescribed for common cold • Amoxicillin - Overused in children • Ciprofloxacin - Without proper indication • Not completing full course of treatment
- 9. Commonly Misused Drugs- Analgesics • Aspirin - Overdose leads to ulceration • Ibuprofen - Commonly misused for pain • Diclofenac - Misused for minor ailments • Nimesulide - Frequently used inappropriately
- 10. WHO 12 KeyInterventions (Part 1) • Multidisciplinary national body • Use of clinical guidelines • National Essential Medicines List • Drug & therapeutics committees
- 11. WHO 12 KeyInterventions (Part 2) • Problem-based pharmacotherapy training • Continuing medical education • Supervision, audit, and feedback • Independent information on medicines
- 12. WHO 12 KeyInterventions (Part 3) • Public education about medicines • Avoid perverse financial incentives • Appropriate and enforced regulation • Sufficient government expenditure
- 13. WHO Drug UseIndicators - Prescribing • Average number of drugs per encounter • Percentage prescribed by generic name • Percentage with antibiotic prescribed • Percentage with injection prescribed
- 14. Patient Care Indicators •Average consultation time • Average dispensing time • Percentage of drugs adequately labeled • Patient knowledge of correct dosage
- 15. Guidelines for RationalPrescribing • Define patient problem and therapeutic goal • Use drugs only when indicated • Choose proven efficacy and safety • Monitor treatment effects
- 16. Rational Use ofAntibiotics • Use only when indicated • Obtain culture and sensitivity testing • Adequate dose and duration • Oral therapy preferred over parenteral
- 17. Role of Pharmacistin Rational Drug Use • Member of Drug & Therapeutic Committee • Drug procurement and storage • Dispensing and patient education • Drug information service
- 18. Pharmacist Role inDispensing (Part 1) • Keep controlled drugs in locked cabinet • Check prescription validity and patient identity • Consult prescriber if doubt exists • Properly label containers
- 19. Pharmacist Role inDispensing (Part 2) • Provide complete drug information • Include cautions and warnings • Give clear directions for use • Ensure patient understanding
- 20. Pharmaceutical Care Services •Patient medication counseling • ADR reporting and management • Drug therapy monitoring • Drug utilization evaluation
- 21. Educational Activities • Educationalworkshops for healthcare professionals • Standard treatment guidelines preparation • Formulary development • Public education programs
- 22.