Cancer is a deadly disease where cells divide uncontrollably and can spread throughout the body. There are several types of cancer that originate from different cell types. Cancer is caused by mutations in DNA and can be influenced by factors like tobacco, radiation, viruses, and diet. Doctors use tests like biopsies, mammograms, and prostate exams to detect cancer early. The main treatment options are surgery to remove tumors, chemotherapy to poison cancer cells, and radiation therapy to damage cancer cell DNA.

1. CANCER

2. Cancer is a deadly disease where your own cells attack your body,
destroying the body from the inside, leading to severe sickness and
death.
Cancer can kill a person in
months or years.
CANCER

3. A tumour is a mass of cells that continue to divide with no function in
the body.
The very first cell to start a tumour is created by a DNA mutation caused
by a carcinogen. The mutated cell begins dividing uncontrollably.
CANCER

4. Normally the immune system can kill cancer cells by inducing
a) apoptosis – programmed cell death
b) necrosis – cell injury that results in premature death of cell, often
linked to inflammation of surrounding tissues
CELL DEATH

5. Apoptosis can occur for “normal” cells when it is time for them to die. It
can also occur as “cell suicide” if they are infected with a virus or
have damaged DNA.
CELL DEATH

6. Metastasis – spreading
around the body, invading
other organs and
impairing their function.
Malignant – an aggressive
cancer that metastasizes,
resulting in sickness and
death.
Benign – a tumor that is not
malignant.
CANCER TERMS

7. A person with skin cancer may later get the cancer in their lungs
because the skin cancer may have been malignant. That means
the cancer has metastasized from the skin to the lungs.
CANCER TERMS

8. Liver cancer:
CANCER

9. TYPES OF CANCER

10. Carcinoma: Cancers derived from epithelial cells; includes the most common
cancers (especially of old age), and nearly all developing in
the breast, prostate, lung, pancreas, and colon.
Sarcoma: Cancers arising from connective
tissue (i.e. bone, cartilage, fat, nerve), each of which develop from cells
originating outside the bone marrow.
Lymphoma and leukemia: Cancers arising from blood-forming cells that leave
the marrow and tend to mature in the lymph nodes and blood. Leukemia is the
most common type of cancer in children accounting for about 30%.
Germ cell tumor: Cancers derived from pluripotent cells, most often
presenting in the testicle (seminoma) or the ovary (dysgerminoma).
Blastoma: Cancers derived from immature "precursor" cells or embryonic
tissue.
TYPES OF CANCER

11. Cancer starts with a mutation in the DNA.
Mutation – A change to the DNA sequence.
Not all mutations are harmful. Some mutations do not affect an
organism, while some cause health problems like cancer.
CAUSES OF CANCER

12. Types of mutations:
CAUSES OF CANCER

13. A carcinogen is a factor in the environment that can cause cancer.
Three known carcinogens are tobacco smoke, x-rays, and
environmental pollution. Other carcinogens are UV radiation
(sunlight or tanning beds), viruses, organic solvents, and certain
chemicals in plastics.
CAUSES OF CANCER

14. CAUSES OF CANCER

15. CAUSES OF CANCER

16. Cancer is linked to diet because eating more “super foods” such
as tomatoes, carrots, red grapes, and broccoli can help
prevent cancer.
CANCER PREVENTION

17. Eating less red meat, processed meat, saturated fat, and refined sugar
may also reduce the risk of cancer.
CANCER PREVENTION

18. A healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of cancer. This includes being active.
CANCER PREVENTION

19. Moles are a very
common cause of skin
cancer, usually caused
UV radiation (tanning
beds and sun
exposure)
DETECTING CANCER

20. DETECTING CANCER

21. Cancer Type Estimated New Cases Estimated Deaths
Bladder 72,570 15,210
Breast (Female : Male) 232,340 : 2,240 39,620 : 410
Colon and Rectal
(Combined)
142,820 50,830
Endometrial 49,560 8,190
Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer 59,938 12,586
Leukemia (All Types) 48,610 23,720
Lung (Including Bronchus) 228,190 159,480
Melanoma 76,690 9,480
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 69,740 19,020
Pancreatic 45,220 38,460
Prostate 238,590 29,720
Thyroid 60,220 1,850
DETECTING CANCER

22. Mammograms
Positive Negative
DETECTING CANCER

23. The Prostate
DETECTING CANCER

24. When a doctor thinks that you might have cancer, they may
perform a biopsy.
This means that they cut a piece of the tumor out of you and
analyze it.
DETECTING CANCER

25. There are 3 common cancer treatments:
1) Surgery
2) Chemotherapy
3) Radiation Therapy
TREATING CANCER

26. There are 3 common cancer treatments:
1) Surgery – the tumor is cut out
TREATING CANCER

27. There are 3 common cancer treatments:
2) Chemotherapy – chemicals are injected in the person to poison and
kill the tumor cells.
TREATING CANCER

28. There are 3 common cancer treatments:
3) Radiation Therapy – radioactive energy is used to damage the DNA of
cancer cells to the point of cell death.
TREATING CANCER