Local anesthetics are classified into four main categories: 1) Benzoic acid derivatives like cocaine and cyclomethycaine, 2) Amino benzoic acid derivatives like procaine and tetracaine, 3) Lidocaine/anilide derivatives like lidocaine and bupivacaine, and 4) Miscellaneous agents like phenacaine. Some local anesthetics discussed in more detail include butacaine, propoxycaine, tetracaine, oxybuprocaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, and etidocaine. Local anesthetics work by reversibly blocking voltage-gated sodium channels to inhibit nerve impulse conduction and sensation.

1. Local Anesthetics

9. CLASSIFICATION OF LOCAL
ANESTHETICS
1.Benzoic Acid derivatives; Cocaine, Hexylcaine,
Meprylcaine, Cyclomethycaine, Piperocaine.
2.Amino Benzoic acid derivatives: Benzocaine*,
Butamben, Procaine*, Butacaine, Propoxycaine,
Tetracaine, Benoxinate.
3.Lidocaine/Anilide derivatives: Lignocaine,
Mepivacaine, Prilocaine, Etidocaine, Bupivacaine
4.Miscellaneous: Phenacaine, Diperodon,
Dibucaine.*

10. •

21. Amino Benzoic acid derivatives

25. Benzoic Acid derivatives

26. •

31. Amino Benzoic acid derivatives
Butamben was indicated for the treatment of chronic pain due
to its long-duration effect. It is also indicated as a surface
anesthetic for skin a mucous membrane and for the relief of
pain and pruritus associated with anorectal disorders

32. BUTACAINE
• Butacaine is a white crystalline ester used as
a local anesthetic.

33. Propoxycaine
Propoxycaine is a para-aminobenzoic acid ester with local
anesthetic activity. Propoxycaine binds to and blocks voltage-
gated sodium channels, thereby inhibiting the ionic flux
essential for the conduction of nerve impulses. This results in a
loss of sensation

34. Tetracaine
Tetracaine eye drops are used to numb the eye before surgery,
certain tests, or procedures. The eye drops are used to prevent
pain during the procedure. Tetracaine belongs to the group of
medicines called local anesthetics. It works by blocking the
pain signals at the nerve endings in the eye.

35. Oxybuprocaine
Oxybuprocaine (also known as Benoxinate) is a local
anesthetic, which is used especially in ophthalmology and
otolaryngology. Oxybuprocaine binds to sodium channels and
reversibly stabilizes the neuronal membrane which decreases
its permeability to sodium ions.

36. Lidocaine/Anilide derivatives
LIGNOCAINE (LYE doe kane) is an anesthetic. It causes loss of
feeling in the skin and surrounding tissues. It is used to prevent
and to treat pain from some procedures. This medicine is also
used to treat minor burns, scrapes and insect bites.

37. Mepivacaine
Mepivacaine injection is used to cause numbness or
loss of feeling and prevention of pain for patients
having certain medical procedures. This medicine is
to be given only by or under the direct supervision of
your doctor.

38. Prilocaine
Prilocaine topical cream is used on the skin or in the genital
area to cause numbness or loss of feeling before certain medical
procedures. It is also used to prevent pain caused by an
injection, the drawing of blood from a vein, or minor surgeries
such as removing warts.

39. Etidocaine
Etidocaine is marketed under the name Duranest. It is
an injectable local anesthetic during surgery, labor, and
delivery. Etidocaine has a long duration of activity, but has the
main disadvantage of increased bleeding during oral surgery.

40. •

41. Phenacaine