This document outlines a study to examine the effect of various drugs on gastrointestinal motility using frogs. The study will use physostigmine and atropine solutions applied to the buccal cavity of frogs to measure the time taken for food particles to move from the lower jaw to the esophagus, compared to a saline control. The goal is to determine if physostigmine enhances while atropine reduces gastrointestinal motility by stimulating or blocking acetylcholine, respectively. The procedure describes preparing the frog, taking baseline measurements, then applying the drug solutions and remeasuring motility times to observe any effects.

1. AIM: To Study Effect Of Various Drugs on GI
motility.
Presented by:
Prof. Mirza Anwar Baig
Dept of Pharmcaology
AIKTC, School of Pharmacy, New Panvel

2. • REQUIREMENTS:
– Animal:Frog
– Drugs:Physostigmine stock solution ( 1mg/ml). Atropine
stock solution ( 1mg/ml)
– Physiological solution: Normal saline
– Equipment: Frog board, poppy seeds or tiny pieces of
cork.

3. THEORY:
• Cilia (buccal cavity and oesophagus) help in the movement of food
particles.
• Cilia exhibit a great degree of autonomy in that they are capable of
functioning in the absence of nervous innervation.
• Acetylcholine present in the mucous membranes of trachea and buccal
cavity helps in the ciliary movement.
• Acetylcholine serves as a local hormone and the presence of choline
acetylase supports the fact that acetylcholine is locally synthesised in
the mucous membranes.
• The integrity of mucociliary function is very important in air-way
diseases (such as chronic bronchitis, asthma and in cystic fibrosis)

4. PROCEDURE:
1. Decapitate the frog and pin the frog to the frog board on its back.
2. Pin the lower jaw to the abdomen cutting sufficiently the buccal cavity
and exposing the oesophagus. Keep the buccal cavity and the opening of
the oesophagus wet by irrigating it with normal saline.
3. Fix two parts i.e. from a point in the lower jaw to the beginning of the
oesophagus. Keep this distance to measure the time taken by the particle
to move from a point in the lower jaw to the beginning of the oesophagus.

5. PROCEDURE:
4. Place a poppy seed or a small piece of cork at the premarked spot in the
jaw. Turn on the stop-watch and note the time taken by the object to
reach the beginning of the oesophagus. Repeat this several times.
5. Put a few drops of physostigmine on the buccal cavity and after 10 min
repeat step 4. Note the time.
6. Wash the buccal cavity with normal saline. Put a few drops of atropine
on the buccal cavity. After 10 min repeat the step 4. Note the time.
7. Find out the difference in the time taken by the object to move between
the pre-marked distance in the buccal cavity in presence of saline,
physostigmine and atropine.

6. OBSERVATION TABLE:

7. RESULT:
Physostigmine reduces/ enhances, Atropine reduces/ enhances
and Acetyl Choline reduces/ enhances the time taken by the
object to move from the pre-marked point in the lower jaw to
reach the oesophagus respectively.

8. References:
• Ghosh MN. Fundamentals of Experimental
Pharmacology. Hilton & Company, Kolkata.
• Kulkarni SK. Handbook of experimental
pharmacology. VallabhPrakashan

9. Thank You