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Building systemic climate resilience in cities

The document discusses a workshop on building systemic climate resilience in cities, emphasizing the transformative role of urban areas in addressing climate change and related shocks. It outlines key objectives such as integrating climate considerations into recovery from COVID-19, promoting adaptation strategies, and understanding the complex interactions of climate impacts on urban systems, with a focus on vulnerable populations. The document also highlights the need for localizing national adaptation strategies and fostering multi-level collaboration to enhance resilience against climate risks.

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Opening remarks Soo-Jin Kim Acting Head of the Cities, Urban Policies and Sustainable Development Division OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities (CFE)
Setting the scene: Transformative role of cities for building systemic climate resilience Tadashi Matsumoto Head of Unit, Sustainable Development and Global Relations OECD
@OECD_local www.linkedin.com/company/oecd-local www.oecd.org/cfe SETTING THE SCENE: TRANSFORMATIVE ROLE OF CITIES IN BUILDING SYSTEMIC CLIMATE RESILIENCE Tadashi Matsumoto Head of Unit, Sustainable Development and Global Relations OECD Workshop on Building Systemic Climate Resilience in Cities Thursday 7 July, 2022
© OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | Objectives and structure of the project 5 • Ensuring that climate change is at the heart of thinking on economic resilience in the recovery from COVID-19 and in the face of ongoing disruptions • As climate risks rise, recognising that climate cuts across all policy areas, requires systems thinking and a better understanding of non-linear effects and tipping points • A key part of the new OECD-wide approach to climate, drawing on OECD’s full multi-disciplinarity to develop concrete policy recommendations across four modules: 1. Reframing the climate challenge after COVID-19 2. Accelerating the transition to net- zero emissions 3. Building Systemic Resilience to climate impacts 4. IPAC: Tracking progress towards climate goals
© OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | Rethinking impacts of climate change in cities and regions 6
© OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | 7 Climate shocks affect systems in cities, while shocks in other systems, in turn, affect climate Climate shocks (from fast to slow on-set) Floods and storms Heatwaves Droughts Biodiversity loss Sea level rise Direct (single) Damages to urban infrastructure Indirect, cascading and compound impacts Impacts on supply chains Decrease in labour productivity Increased food prices Asymmetric across people and places Increased vulnerability of economically and socially marginalised communities COVID-19 related shocks COVID-19 hospitalisation Lockdowns Remote work Recovery packages Environmental impacts CO2 emission/air pollution reductions Increased volumes of waste Changes in locational preferences of people and firms Recovery packages offers opportunities to invest in green and climate resilient infrastructure Asymmetric across people and places Capacity gaps across cities and regions Recovery packages are not necessarily tailored to local needs of cities
© OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | Applying a systemic approach to climate resilience 8
© OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | 9 Key elements of systemic resilience Better understanding of complex climate risks in cities Addressing asymmetric impacts across people and places Synergies and co-benefits with other systems in cities Co-ordination and engagement among diverse actors
© OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | 10 Policy approaches to build systemic resilience Expand risk assessment to unpredictable risks Develop climate adaptation and resilience strategies at the metropolitan scale Combine policy approaches and goals to maximize co-benefits Localise National Adaptation Plans and National Adaptation Strategies Foster collaborative climate action across national/local levels of government Engage diverse population groups in multiple systems
 Twitter: @OECD_local LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/oecd-local Website: www.oecd.org/cfe Thank you! Tadashi.MATSUMOTO@oecd.org
Session 1: Understanding and addressing complex and systemic risks in cities Paolo Veneri Head of Statistics and Territorial Analysis Unit OECD Mark Pelling Professor of Geography King's College London Mauricio Rodas Visiting Scholar University of Pennsylvania; Senior Fellow, Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, and Former Mayor of Quito, Ecuador Presenters Moderator Catherine Gamper Co-ordinator of the OECD Task Force on Climate Change Adaptation OECD Discussant Anna Brown Founder and Principal Aequita Consulting LLC
Session 1: Understanding and addressing complex and systemic risks in cities  What are the main climate shocks in cities? How do they relate to other economic, social, health and environmental shocks in cities?  How do these shocks affect across people and places? Who and which places affect most?  What is ‘systemic resilience’ in cities? What are its key elements?  How can climate risk-assessment frameworks in cities be improved, by considering the direct, indirect, cascading and compound impacts of climate change, and by addressing asymmetric impacts across places and people?
Workshop: Building systemic climate resilience in cities 7 July 2022 Session 1: Understanding and addressing complex and systemic risks in cities Mark Pelling, King’s College London • Urbanization as a time limited opportunity for climate resilience • Shifting climate risk and extending resilience actions • Trajectories in adaptation policy and action – gaps in evaluation • An evaluation meta-frame: Climate Resilient Development
Global urbanisation offers a time-limited opportunity to work toward climate-resilient development. • 2015 - 2020, urban populations grew by more than 397 million people, more than 90% in less developed regions. • By 2050: • an additional 2.5 billion people projected to live in urban areas, with up to 90% of this increase in Asia and Africa. • More than a billion people located in low-lying cities and settlements expected to be at risk from coastal-specific climate hazards. • Unplanned and informal settlements in low- and middle-income nations and smaller and medium-sized urban centres experienced most rapid growth in urban vulnerability and exposure.
Shifting climate risk and extending resilience actions • Observed impacts are direct, cascading and can become compounding • Implications for urban adaptation priorities: • Addressing compound hazard with cobenefits (e.g. air quality) • Addressing compound risk with cobenefts (e.g. informal settlements) • Extending from adaptation of objects (e.g. dwellings) to: - programming adaptation of systems (e.g. health systems, livelihood systems) - integrating adaptation across systems – sectors and jurisdictions • Across supply chains connect rural and urban (e.g. producer-speculator-distributer-retailer-consumer) • Priority interventions in interconnected infrastructure (e.g. energy-transport-trade/work) • To buffer from multi-risk shocks (e.g. rethinking interconnected and high density settlements).
Trajectories in adaptation policy and action – gaps in evaluation • Many cities have developed adaptation plans since AR5, many have not been implemented. • An increasing array of adaptation options available: predominance of physical infrastructure, rapid uptake of ecosystem-based adaptation, slower uptake into action of social policy options, some hybrid experiments. Limited assessment of effectiveness or of consequences. • Interconnected infrastructure expands across rural and urban. Limited independent, comparative evaluation of contagion risk and adaptation effectiveness/consequences. • Intersectional, gender-responsive vulnerability reduction increasing at local level through community- based adaptation. Less evidence of upscaling and government led/collaborative strategic investment. • Inclusive approaches gaining recognition as part of programmatic adaptation: participatory planning for infrastructure and risk management in informal and underserviced neighbourhoods, the inclusion of Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge, efforts to build local leadership, especially among women and youth. Limited evidence of ‘how to’.
An evaluation meta-frame: Climate Resilient Development • CRD = adaptation + mitigation + SD • Limited systematic evidence gathering • Lots of scope for cobenefits • No single adaptation action resolves all CRD • Urban planning opens most scope • Physical infrastructure can constrain future options • Shifting exposure as a consequence of adaptation is the greatest consistent unmet challenge • Integrated adaptation programming can enable joined-up planning, deployment and monitoring of interactions between CRD elements. More than 750 unique references reviewed by experts
Conclusions • Urbanization a global opportunity/responsibility for an inclusive resilience • Can adaptation keep-up with risk and impact trends: – direct, social policy, hybrid, programme and compensatory? • Multiple adaptation knowledge gaps – evaluation including of consequences • Climate Resilient Development confirms opportunity for joined-up action – and a structure to approach the adaptation knowledge gap
Session 1: Understanding and addressing complex and systemic risks in cities Paolo Veneri Head of Statistics and Territorial Analysis Unit OECD Mark Pelling Professor of Geography King's College London Mauricio Rodas Visiting Scholar University of Pennsylvania; Senior Fellow, Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, and Former Mayor of Quito, Ecuador Presenters Moderator Catherine Gamper Co-ordinator of the OECD Task Force on Climate Change Adaptation OECD Discussant Anna Brown Founder and Principal Aequita Consulting LLC
Building Systemic Resilience in Cities Mauricio Rodas, Former Mayor of Quito; Visiting Scholar, University of Pennsylvania; Senior Fellow, Arsht-Rock July 7, 2022
Facts 1800 Only 3% percent of the population lived in cities 2022 55% of the world’s population lives in urban areas 2050 It is projected that it will reach 68% Cities are where 70% of the world’s CO2 emissions take place More than 80% of global GDP is generated in cities Facts
Main Climate Shocks in Cities • Droughts • Floods • Extreme heat (heat waves) • Forest Fires • Sandstorms • Warming of surface waters • Cyclones • Hurricanes
• The Global Climate Risk Index 2021 analyses to what extent countries and regions have been affected by impacts of weather-related loss events: • storms, floods, heat waves etc. • Human impacts (fatalities) • Direct economic losses. • The countries and territories most affected in 2019 were Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Bahamas. • For the period of 2000 to 2019 Puerto Rico, Myanmar and Haiti ranked the highest. Source: German Watch
Multidimensional Hazards, Vulnerabilities, and Perceived Risks in Cities • Climate shocks and vulnerabilities vary within each city and reflect their geographical and social characteristics • All areas in a city and segments of the population are in certain level of danger • Climate shocks and vulnerabilities are heterogeneous and unequally distributed • Vulnerable populations are the most at risk Natural features determine climate shocks Social features determine vulnerability and resilience
Climate Shocks in Cities Economically deprived populations, older people and those with pre-existing conditions are more vulnerable to extreme climate events such as heatwaves and floods, and have a lower adaptive capacity Since cities concentrate major economic activities, societies' assets and infrastructure in high-risk locations are particularly susceptible to significant risks resulting from climate change Extreme heat is exacerbated in cities by the “urban heat island” effect that increases with population density, extensive economic activities and urban expansion In addition, many cities are in coastal areas, and therefore are exposed to projected rises in sea level, storm activity, and associated flooding In densely populated urban areas, the changing climate affects the health and welfare of a much larger number of people in various ways
Human livelihoods (Climate Refugees) Health Food Security Basic services provision Infra- structure Housing Economy Multi- dimensional Impacts for Cities
#1 Weather related hazard that kills more people than all others combined 1000 People died in June 2021 in the Pacific Northwest and British Columbia $100B Economic impact in US economy in 2020 due to workers’ productivity loss 1B People will be exposed to lethal heat waves waves by 2050 40.5°C IPhones shut off 48.8°C Airplanes can’t fly Example: Extreme Heat Crisis
Resilience Resilience is defined by the (IPCC) as “the ability of a system and its component parts to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from the effects of a potentially hazardous event in a timely and efficient manner, including through ensuring the preservation, restoration, or improvement of its essential basic structures and functions”.
Systemic Resilience in Cities The capacity of a system to anticipate, absorb, recover from and adapt to a wide array of systemic threats. The processes of systemic resilience provide the means to pursue multiple objectives associated with human and environmental health as well as economic output.
How is systemic resilience generated? 1. A need to protect the system against an exogenous shock Resources can be used and transferred between entities, by interventions such as building up stockpiles, transferring resources to people, bailing out firms or building appropriate infrastructure. 2. An alternative is to have a much broader view of the system as a whole and recognize that it will evolve and modify itself over time The appropriate policy would be to guide or influence that process to achieve our desired goals. Developing policies that will, by design, lead the system to self- organize itself to achieve the required goals.
Example: Systemic Resilience for Extreme Heat Institutional Framework: • Extreme heat policy framework • Heat Action Plans • Chief Heat Officer (official dedicated to addressing heat-related risks) Communications: • Awareness raising campaigns on heat related risks associated to: • Human health, economy & jobs, social dynamics and everyday life • Heatwave categorization and naming systems On the Ground Actions: • Cool roofs and pavements • Nature based Solutions • New green spaces • Urban Biodiversity conservation and restoration • Green Roofs • Urban Gardens • Food Security • Poverty alleviation • Gender equality
Session 1: Understanding and addressing complex and systemic risks in cities Paolo Veneri Head of Statistics and Territorial Analysis Unit OECD Mark Pelling Professor of Geography King's College London Mauricio Rodas Visiting Scholar University of Pennsylvania; Senior Fellow, Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, and Former Mayor of Quito, Ecuador Presenters Moderator Catherine Gamper Co-ordinator of the OECD Task Force on Climate Change Adaptation OECD Discussant Anna Brown Founder and Principal Aequita Consulting LLC
Session 1: Understanding & Addressing Complex & Systemic Risks in Cities OECD Workshop: Building Systemic Climate Resilience in Cities 7 July 2022 Anna Brown, Aequita Consulting LLC AEQUITA CONSULTING LLC Source: Aljazeera
State/ Province Ecosystem Municipality Neighborhood Household Vulnerability: Scales & Sources CLIMATE IMPACTS Temperature change Precipitation change Sea level rise Flooding & inundation Ecosystem change Disasters & extreme risk events VULNERABILITY Infrastructure Ecology Human Health Political Social Cultural Economic AEQUITA CONSULTING LLC
Cascading Failure: Houston and the Texas Freeze • Record cold temperatures • Poorly insulated homes and inefficient electric heat • Power equipment in Texas not winterized; equipment at natural gas power facilities froze • Power demand far exceeded levels anticipated levels for a winter storm • Even with massive blackouts, the frequency of the grid dropped • It was bad… but failures could have been far worse Chronic poverty Shock 1 Shock 2 Distress point HOUSEHOLD SECURITY Hurricane Harvey (2017) Texas Freeze (2021) AEQUITA CONSULTING LLC Source: Adapted from Rodin, R. COVID-19 …BUT IT COULD HAVE BEEN WORSE…
Resilient Cities Require Transformative Adaptation AEQUITA CONSULTING LLC Source: Chu, E., A. Brown, K. Michael, J. Du, S. Lwasa, and A. Mahendra. 2019.
Action Spaces for Inclusive and Resilient Cities Mainstream information on climate risks into spatial planning and the delivery of urban infrastructure and services, while strengthening local capacity Build climate resilience by upgrading living conditions in vulnerable communities and informal settlements, drawing upon local experience and community knowledge Prioritize nature-based solutions to holistically manage water and heat risks
Enabling Conditions for Transformative Adaptation AEQUITA CONSULTING LLC Strong Leadership Inclusion & Equity Knowledge, Data, & Partnerships Finance & Local Capacity Evaluation & Learning Synergies Across Scales Accountable Institutions & Governance 1. Need for rapid action at scale VS. actions built on trust and relationships, diverse inputs 2. Pre-event preparation costs less BUT difficult to mobilize up-front capital 3. Coordination across actors, sectors critical for cost effective & multi-benefit outcomes VS targeted solutions given resource constraints NAVIGATING TENSIONS
Questions Anna Brown anna.brown@aequita.net AEQUITA CONSULTING LLC
Session 1: Understanding and addressing complex and systemic risks in cities Paolo Veneri Head of Statistics and Territorial Analysis Unit OECD Mark Pelling Professor of Geography King's College London Mauricio Rodas Visiting Scholar University of Pennsylvania; Senior Fellow, Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, and Former Mayor of Quito, Ecuador Presenters Moderator Catherine Gamper Co-ordinator of the OECD Task Force on Climate Change Adaptation OECD Discussant Anna Brown Founder and Principal Aequita Consulting LLC
Time to hear from you: Mentimeter Go to www.menti.com and enter the code 7046 8049 or Scan the QR code below with your smartphone/tablet
Session 2: Synergies and co-benefits with other systems in cities Aromar Revi Director Indian Institute for Human Settlements Yann Francoise Deputy Director and Head of the Climate Department, Paris Climate and Ecological Transition Directorate Presenters Moderator Jose Enrique Garcilazo Head of Unit, Regional and Rural Policy OECD Discussant Lina Liakou Regional Director, Europe and Middle East Resilient Cities Network Oriana Romano, Head of Unit, Water Governance and Circular Economy OECD
Session 2: Synergies and co-benefits with other systems in cities  Which mechanisms, tools and processes can help generate synergies and co- benefits rather than trade-offs in addressing multiple policy objectives?  How can ‘climate resilient development’ be different from traditional urban development, in addressing the complex climate shocks in cities?  How can green recovery strategies from the COVID-19 pandemic be promoted to align their investment with climate goals and use it for transformative adaptation in cities?
Session 2: Synergies and co-benefits with other systems in cities Aromar Revi Director Indian Institute for Human Settlements Yann Francoise Deputy Director and Head of the Climate Department, Paris Climate and Ecological Transition Directorate Presenters Moderator Jose Enrique Garcilazo Head of Unit, Regional and Rural Policy OECD Discussant Lina Liakou Regional Director, Europe and Middle East Resilient Cities Network Oriana Romano, Head of Unit, Water Governance and Circular Economy OECD
Resilient Cities Network R-Cities for a safer and more equitable world Lina Liakou, Regional Director EME
RESILIENT CITIES NETWORK | R-CITIES FOR A SAFER AND MORE EQUITABLE WORLD What is Resilience? The capacity of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems to survive, adapt, grow, and no matter what kinds of chronic stresses and acute shocks they experience. fires CHRONIC STRESSES are slow moving and weaken the fabric of a city ACUTE SHOCKS are sudden, sharp events that threaten a city. flooding climate change poverty food insecurity economic inequality homelessness earthquakes disease outbreaks terrorist attacks
World Cities Corporations Communities Building Resilient Cities & Communities RESILIENT CITIES NETWORK | R-CITIES FOR A SAFER AND MORE EQUITABLE WORLD
INTRODUCING THE RESILIENT CITIES NETWORK: AN OVERVIEW Resilient BoTu empowers the two neighborhoods of Bospolder and Tussendijken, to become the city’s first “resilient district,” by directing transformative infrastructure construction and social programs that help people manage debt, access education for both adults and children, find better employment, and improve their housing quality. “Resilient BoTu 2028 consists of so many projects, initiatives and associations, and they all reach out to different groups of residents. What they have in common is that residents take back control over their own life or neighborhood and are supported in their efforts by city officials.” Marleen ten Vergert, Neighborhood Manager & Coalition Organizer for BoTu Rotterdam’s First Resilient Neighborhood
INTRODUCING THE RESILIENT CITIES NETWORK: AN OVERVIEW Belfast has historically been a place of conflict where people have been cut off from the center. The city has been working on trying to make the city a more human-centered city with a livable center. The council acknowledged the need to plan the city taking into account the youngest in the population. Play has become the opportunity not only to provide outdoor facilities for children but also to bring back nature to cities . Belfast’s Child Friendly City Planning
RESILIENT CITIES NETWORK | R-CITIES FOR A SAFER AND MORE EQUITABLE WORLD Aligning a community- level resilience initiative with a city’s overarching strategy is a key factor to enable the scaling up Scaling up finance requires a multi-pronged approach to diversify sources of revenues, and building technical capacity in cities Investments in climate- resilient projects combined with social and affordable housing strengthen community resilience while reducing the unintended effect of gentrification Inclusive participatory planning is critical to ensure that city initiatives meet the needs of all community members Developing integrated solutions to address intersecting crises can deliver significant co-benefits
Session 3: Co-ordination and engagement among diverse urban actors Eugenie L. Birch Nussdorf Professor of Urban Research, Weitzman School of Design; co-Director, Penn Institute for Urban Research, University of Pennsylvania Tennille Parker Director of Disaster Recovery and Special Issues Division, Department of Housing and Urban Development, United States Presenters Moderator Discussant Catherine Anderson Team Lead, Governance for Development OECD David Jacome-Polit Senior Officer Resilient Development ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability Isabelle Chatry Head of Unit, Decentralisation, Subnational Government Finance and Infrastructure OECD
Session 3: Co-ordination and engagement among diverse urban actors  What are the main climate shocks in cities in your country? How do they relate to other economic, social, health and environmental shocks in cities?  Why is horizontal / vertical co-ordination among and across levels of government vital (in addressing complex climate risks / shocks in cities)?  What are key actions to be taken? Which mechanisms, tools and processes can help, based on your experience?  How can urban climate action be financed across levels of government/different urban actors? Can you share successful practices / lessons?
BUILDING SYSTEMIC CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN CITIES: OECD WORKSHOP SESSION 3 CO-ORDINATION AND ENGAGEMENT AMONG DIVERSE URBAN ACTORS Eugenie L. Birch Nussdorf Professor University of Pennsylvania
UNDERSTANDING THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT Multilevel Governance • Global institutions • Governmental • Non-governmental • National Government • Subnational Government • Civil Society • Types • Networks • Partnerships • Groups • Private Sector • NGOs • Scientific/research
CONVENING … ADVOCACY… POLICY….IMPLEMENTATION…INVESTMENT…MONITORING
Dissecting Government: National and Subnational Administrative Structure… Legislation/Regulations… Budget/Finance…Data… Capacity
Session 3: Co-ordination and engagement among diverse urban actors Eugenie L. Birch Nussdorf Professor of Urban Research, Weitzman School of Design; co-Director, Penn Institute for Urban Research, University of Pennsylvania Tennille Parker Director of Disaster Recovery and Special Issues Division, Department of Housing and Urban Development, United States Presenters Moderator Discussant Catherine Anderson Team Lead, Governance for Development OECD David Jacome-Polit Senior Officer Resilient Development ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability Isabelle Chatry Head of Unit, Decentralisation, Subnational Government Finance and Infrastructure OECD
CLIMATE RISK IN CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES: Strengthening Multi-level Governance For Systemic Climate Resilience Tennille Smith Parker Director, Disaster Recovery & Special Issues Division U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
PRIMARY CLIMATE SHOCKS IN U.S. CITIES Extreme Heat Drought Wildfires Riverine/inland flood Coastal Flooding
GOVERNMENT COORDINATION Federal coordination in response to natural disasters States driving local coordination Funding drives/thwarts coordination
KEYTOOLS AND ACTIONS IN ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE National Disaster Recovery Framework Regional Planning Intergovernmental Agreements Watersheds Consortium
FINANCINGTOOLSTO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE  National framework  Local driven solutions  Community Development Block Grants for Disaster Recovery  Sequenced housing solutions  Public insurance  PublicTransparency  Collecting data  Citizen Engagement
Session 3: Co-ordination and engagement among diverse urban actors Eugenie L. Birch Nussdorf Professor of Urban Research, Weitzman School of Design; co-Director, Penn Institute for Urban Research, University of Pennsylvania Tennille Parker Director of Disaster Recovery and Special Issues Division, Department of Housing and Urban Development, United States Presenters Moderator Discussant Catherine Anderson Team Lead, Governance for Development OECD David Jacome-Polit Senior Officer Resilient Development ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability Isabelle Chatry Head of Unit, Decentralisation, Subnational Government Finance and Infrastructure OECD
Resilient Development Facilitating resilience and inclusive practices for local and regional governments David Jacome-Polit ICLEI World Secretariat July 2022 ACTIVE IN 125+ COUNTRIES 300+ EXPERTS IN 24 OFFICES WORLDW IDE 2,500+ LOCAL AND REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS
Resilient development ICLEI’s offer ● Monitoring and evaluation ● Planning ● Implementation ● Insurance and risk transfer ● Transformative Actions Program (TAP) ● Private sector engagement ● Global platforms for exchange ● Science-policy-dialogue ● Data analysis ● Knowledge management ● Research ● Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy (GCoM) ● MCR2030 ● Cities Race to Resilience ● Urban Infrastructure Insurance Facility (UIIF)
Urban Infrastructure Insurance Facility (UIIF) A financial instrument for municipal disaster risk management SAMS Office São Paulo MECS Office Mexico City ● Extreme weather events in the region: higher frequency and intensity ● High urbanization rates (81% in 2018) with 340 million living in cities, exacerbating urban vulnerability ● Availability and access to financial resources for adaptation ● 85% of climate finance is destined to mitigation projects Potential cities considered for the project
Objectives Outcomes Partners Facilitate informed decision making in natural DRM Strengthen the financial resilience of cities to natural disasters Tailored insurance product developed Vulnerable population in need of emergency assistance supported Rapid reconstruction of critical infrastructure services facilitated Financial and technical assistance provided Funded by KfW Development Bank Implemented by ICLEI Urban Infrastructure Insurance Facility (UIIF) A financial instrument for municipal disaster risk management
Thank you very much Senior Officer - Resilient Development ICLEI World Secretariat Kaiser-Friedrich-Str. 7 ● 53113 Bonn ● Germany Email: david.jacome-polit@iclei.org
Conclusions and closing remarks Andrew Prag Senior Advisor Environment Directorate OECD
Thank you!

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Building systemic climate resilience in cities

  • 2.
    Opening remarks Soo-Jin Kim ActingHead of the Cities, Urban Policies and Sustainable Development Division OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities (CFE)
  • 3.
    Setting the scene: Transformativerole of cities for building systemic climate resilience Tadashi Matsumoto Head of Unit, Sustainable Development and Global Relations OECD
  • 4.
    @OECD_local www.linkedin.com/company/oecd-local www.oecd.org/cfe SETTINGTHE SCENE: TRANSFORMATIVE ROLE OF CITIES IN BUILDING SYSTEMIC CLIMATE RESILIENCE Tadashi Matsumoto Head of Unit, Sustainable Development and Global Relations OECD Workshop on Building Systemic Climate Resilience in Cities Thursday 7 July, 2022
  • 5.
    © OECD |Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | Objectives and structure of the project 5 • Ensuring that climate change is at the heart of thinking on economic resilience in the recovery from COVID-19 and in the face of ongoing disruptions • As climate risks rise, recognising that climate cuts across all policy areas, requires systems thinking and a better understanding of non-linear effects and tipping points • A key part of the new OECD-wide approach to climate, drawing on OECD’s full multi-disciplinarity to develop concrete policy recommendations across four modules: 1. Reframing the climate challenge after COVID-19 2. Accelerating the transition to net- zero emissions 3. Building Systemic Resilience to climate impacts 4. IPAC: Tracking progress towards climate goals
  • 6.
    © OECD |Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | Rethinking impacts of climate change in cities and regions 6
  • 7.
    © OECD |Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | 7 Climate shocks affect systems in cities, while shocks in other systems, in turn, affect climate Climate shocks (from fast to slow on-set) Floods and storms Heatwaves Droughts Biodiversity loss Sea level rise Direct (single) Damages to urban infrastructure Indirect, cascading and compound impacts Impacts on supply chains Decrease in labour productivity Increased food prices Asymmetric across people and places Increased vulnerability of economically and socially marginalised communities COVID-19 related shocks COVID-19 hospitalisation Lockdowns Remote work Recovery packages Environmental impacts CO2 emission/air pollution reductions Increased volumes of waste Changes in locational preferences of people and firms Recovery packages offers opportunities to invest in green and climate resilient infrastructure Asymmetric across people and places Capacity gaps across cities and regions Recovery packages are not necessarily tailored to local needs of cities
  • 8.
    © OECD |Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | Applying a systemic approach to climate resilience 8
  • 9.
    © OECD |Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | 9 Key elements of systemic resilience Better understanding of complex climate risks in cities Addressing asymmetric impacts across people and places Synergies and co-benefits with other systems in cities Co-ordination and engagement among diverse actors
  • 10.
    © OECD |Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | 10 Policy approaches to build systemic resilience Expand risk assessment to unpredictable risks Develop climate adaptation and resilience strategies at the metropolitan scale Combine policy approaches and goals to maximize co-benefits Localise National Adaptation Plans and National Adaptation Strategies Foster collaborative climate action across national/local levels of government Engage diverse population groups in multiple systems
  • 11.
     Twitter: @OECD_local LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/oecd-local Website:www.oecd.org/cfe Thank you! Tadashi.MATSUMOTO@oecd.org
  • 12.
    Session 1: Understandingand addressing complex and systemic risks in cities Paolo Veneri Head of Statistics and Territorial Analysis Unit OECD Mark Pelling Professor of Geography King's College London Mauricio Rodas Visiting Scholar University of Pennsylvania; Senior Fellow, Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, and Former Mayor of Quito, Ecuador Presenters Moderator Catherine Gamper Co-ordinator of the OECD Task Force on Climate Change Adaptation OECD Discussant Anna Brown Founder and Principal Aequita Consulting LLC
  • 13.
    Session 1: Understandingand addressing complex and systemic risks in cities  What are the main climate shocks in cities? How do they relate to other economic, social, health and environmental shocks in cities?  How do these shocks affect across people and places? Who and which places affect most?  What is ‘systemic resilience’ in cities? What are its key elements?  How can climate risk-assessment frameworks in cities be improved, by considering the direct, indirect, cascading and compound impacts of climate change, and by addressing asymmetric impacts across places and people?
  • 14.
    Workshop: Building systemicclimate resilience in cities 7 July 2022 Session 1: Understanding and addressing complex and systemic risks in cities Mark Pelling, King’s College London • Urbanization as a time limited opportunity for climate resilience • Shifting climate risk and extending resilience actions • Trajectories in adaptation policy and action – gaps in evaluation • An evaluation meta-frame: Climate Resilient Development
  • 15.
    Global urbanisation offersa time-limited opportunity to work toward climate-resilient development. • 2015 - 2020, urban populations grew by more than 397 million people, more than 90% in less developed regions. • By 2050: • an additional 2.5 billion people projected to live in urban areas, with up to 90% of this increase in Asia and Africa. • More than a billion people located in low-lying cities and settlements expected to be at risk from coastal-specific climate hazards. • Unplanned and informal settlements in low- and middle-income nations and smaller and medium-sized urban centres experienced most rapid growth in urban vulnerability and exposure.
  • 16.
    Shifting climate riskand extending resilience actions • Observed impacts are direct, cascading and can become compounding • Implications for urban adaptation priorities: • Addressing compound hazard with cobenefits (e.g. air quality) • Addressing compound risk with cobenefts (e.g. informal settlements) • Extending from adaptation of objects (e.g. dwellings) to: - programming adaptation of systems (e.g. health systems, livelihood systems) - integrating adaptation across systems – sectors and jurisdictions • Across supply chains connect rural and urban (e.g. producer-speculator-distributer-retailer-consumer) • Priority interventions in interconnected infrastructure (e.g. energy-transport-trade/work) • To buffer from multi-risk shocks (e.g. rethinking interconnected and high density settlements).
  • 17.
    Trajectories in adaptationpolicy and action – gaps in evaluation • Many cities have developed adaptation plans since AR5, many have not been implemented. • An increasing array of adaptation options available: predominance of physical infrastructure, rapid uptake of ecosystem-based adaptation, slower uptake into action of social policy options, some hybrid experiments. Limited assessment of effectiveness or of consequences. • Interconnected infrastructure expands across rural and urban. Limited independent, comparative evaluation of contagion risk and adaptation effectiveness/consequences. • Intersectional, gender-responsive vulnerability reduction increasing at local level through community- based adaptation. Less evidence of upscaling and government led/collaborative strategic investment. • Inclusive approaches gaining recognition as part of programmatic adaptation: participatory planning for infrastructure and risk management in informal and underserviced neighbourhoods, the inclusion of Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge, efforts to build local leadership, especially among women and youth. Limited evidence of ‘how to’.
  • 18.
    An evaluation meta-frame:Climate Resilient Development • CRD = adaptation + mitigation + SD • Limited systematic evidence gathering • Lots of scope for cobenefits • No single adaptation action resolves all CRD • Urban planning opens most scope • Physical infrastructure can constrain future options • Shifting exposure as a consequence of adaptation is the greatest consistent unmet challenge • Integrated adaptation programming can enable joined-up planning, deployment and monitoring of interactions between CRD elements. More than 750 unique references reviewed by experts
  • 19.
    Conclusions • Urbanization aglobal opportunity/responsibility for an inclusive resilience • Can adaptation keep-up with risk and impact trends: – direct, social policy, hybrid, programme and compensatory? • Multiple adaptation knowledge gaps – evaluation including of consequences • Climate Resilient Development confirms opportunity for joined-up action – and a structure to approach the adaptation knowledge gap
  • 20.
    Session 1: Understandingand addressing complex and systemic risks in cities Paolo Veneri Head of Statistics and Territorial Analysis Unit OECD Mark Pelling Professor of Geography King's College London Mauricio Rodas Visiting Scholar University of Pennsylvania; Senior Fellow, Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, and Former Mayor of Quito, Ecuador Presenters Moderator Catherine Gamper Co-ordinator of the OECD Task Force on Climate Change Adaptation OECD Discussant Anna Brown Founder and Principal Aequita Consulting LLC
  • 21.
    Building Systemic Resiliencein Cities Mauricio Rodas, Former Mayor of Quito; Visiting Scholar, University of Pennsylvania; Senior Fellow, Arsht-Rock July 7, 2022
  • 22.
    Facts 1800 Only 3% percentof the population lived in cities 2022 55% of the world’s population lives in urban areas 2050 It is projected that it will reach 68% Cities are where 70% of the world’s CO2 emissions take place More than 80% of global GDP is generated in cities Facts
  • 23.
    Main Climate Shocks inCities • Droughts • Floods • Extreme heat (heat waves) • Forest Fires • Sandstorms • Warming of surface waters • Cyclones • Hurricanes
  • 24.
    • The GlobalClimate Risk Index 2021 analyses to what extent countries and regions have been affected by impacts of weather-related loss events: • storms, floods, heat waves etc. • Human impacts (fatalities) • Direct economic losses. • The countries and territories most affected in 2019 were Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Bahamas. • For the period of 2000 to 2019 Puerto Rico, Myanmar and Haiti ranked the highest. Source: German Watch
  • 25.
    Multidimensional Hazards, Vulnerabilities,and Perceived Risks in Cities • Climate shocks and vulnerabilities vary within each city and reflect their geographical and social characteristics • All areas in a city and segments of the population are in certain level of danger • Climate shocks and vulnerabilities are heterogeneous and unequally distributed • Vulnerable populations are the most at risk Natural features determine climate shocks Social features determine vulnerability and resilience
  • 26.
    Climate Shocks inCities Economically deprived populations, older people and those with pre-existing conditions are more vulnerable to extreme climate events such as heatwaves and floods, and have a lower adaptive capacity Since cities concentrate major economic activities, societies' assets and infrastructure in high-risk locations are particularly susceptible to significant risks resulting from climate change Extreme heat is exacerbated in cities by the “urban heat island” effect that increases with population density, extensive economic activities and urban expansion In addition, many cities are in coastal areas, and therefore are exposed to projected rises in sea level, storm activity, and associated flooding In densely populated urban areas, the changing climate affects the health and welfare of a much larger number of people in various ways
  • 27.
  • 28.
    #1 Weather related hazard thatkills more people than all others combined 1000 People died in June 2021 in the Pacific Northwest and British Columbia $100B Economic impact in US economy in 2020 due to workers’ productivity loss 1B People will be exposed to lethal heat waves waves by 2050 40.5°C IPhones shut off 48.8°C Airplanes can’t fly Example: Extreme Heat Crisis
  • 29.
    Resilience Resilience is definedby the (IPCC) as “the ability of a system and its component parts to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from the effects of a potentially hazardous event in a timely and efficient manner, including through ensuring the preservation, restoration, or improvement of its essential basic structures and functions”.
  • 30.
    Systemic Resilience in Cities Thecapacity of a system to anticipate, absorb, recover from and adapt to a wide array of systemic threats. The processes of systemic resilience provide the means to pursue multiple objectives associated with human and environmental health as well as economic output.
  • 31.
    How is systemicresilience generated? 1. A need to protect the system against an exogenous shock Resources can be used and transferred between entities, by interventions such as building up stockpiles, transferring resources to people, bailing out firms or building appropriate infrastructure. 2. An alternative is to have a much broader view of the system as a whole and recognize that it will evolve and modify itself over time The appropriate policy would be to guide or influence that process to achieve our desired goals. Developing policies that will, by design, lead the system to self- organize itself to achieve the required goals.
  • 32.
    Example: Systemic Resilience forExtreme Heat Institutional Framework: • Extreme heat policy framework • Heat Action Plans • Chief Heat Officer (official dedicated to addressing heat-related risks) Communications: • Awareness raising campaigns on heat related risks associated to: • Human health, economy & jobs, social dynamics and everyday life • Heatwave categorization and naming systems On the Ground Actions: • Cool roofs and pavements • Nature based Solutions • New green spaces • Urban Biodiversity conservation and restoration • Green Roofs • Urban Gardens • Food Security • Poverty alleviation • Gender equality
  • 33.
    Session 1: Understandingand addressing complex and systemic risks in cities Paolo Veneri Head of Statistics and Territorial Analysis Unit OECD Mark Pelling Professor of Geography King's College London Mauricio Rodas Visiting Scholar University of Pennsylvania; Senior Fellow, Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, and Former Mayor of Quito, Ecuador Presenters Moderator Catherine Gamper Co-ordinator of the OECD Task Force on Climate Change Adaptation OECD Discussant Anna Brown Founder and Principal Aequita Consulting LLC
  • 34.
    Session 1: Understanding & AddressingComplex & Systemic Risks in Cities OECD Workshop: Building Systemic Climate Resilience in Cities 7 July 2022 Anna Brown, Aequita Consulting LLC AEQUITA CONSULTING LLC Source: Aljazeera
  • 35.
    State/ Province Ecosystem Municipality Neighborhood Household Vulnerability: Scales& Sources CLIMATE IMPACTS Temperature change Precipitation change Sea level rise Flooding & inundation Ecosystem change Disasters & extreme risk events VULNERABILITY Infrastructure Ecology Human Health Political Social Cultural Economic AEQUITA CONSULTING LLC
  • 36.
    Cascading Failure: Houstonand the Texas Freeze • Record cold temperatures • Poorly insulated homes and inefficient electric heat • Power equipment in Texas not winterized; equipment at natural gas power facilities froze • Power demand far exceeded levels anticipated levels for a winter storm • Even with massive blackouts, the frequency of the grid dropped • It was bad… but failures could have been far worse Chronic poverty Shock 1 Shock 2 Distress point HOUSEHOLD SECURITY Hurricane Harvey (2017) Texas Freeze (2021) AEQUITA CONSULTING LLC Source: Adapted from Rodin, R. COVID-19 …BUT IT COULD HAVE BEEN WORSE…
  • 37.
    Resilient Cities RequireTransformative Adaptation AEQUITA CONSULTING LLC Source: Chu, E., A. Brown, K. Michael, J. Du, S. Lwasa, and A. Mahendra. 2019.
  • 38.
    Action Spaces forInclusive and Resilient Cities Mainstream information on climate risks into spatial planning and the delivery of urban infrastructure and services, while strengthening local capacity Build climate resilience by upgrading living conditions in vulnerable communities and informal settlements, drawing upon local experience and community knowledge Prioritize nature-based solutions to holistically manage water and heat risks
  • 39.
    Enabling Conditions for TransformativeAdaptation AEQUITA CONSULTING LLC Strong Leadership Inclusion & Equity Knowledge, Data, & Partnerships Finance & Local Capacity Evaluation & Learning Synergies Across Scales Accountable Institutions & Governance 1. Need for rapid action at scale VS. actions built on trust and relationships, diverse inputs 2. Pre-event preparation costs less BUT difficult to mobilize up-front capital 3. Coordination across actors, sectors critical for cost effective & multi-benefit outcomes VS targeted solutions given resource constraints NAVIGATING TENSIONS
  • 40.
  • 41.
    Session 1: Understandingand addressing complex and systemic risks in cities Paolo Veneri Head of Statistics and Territorial Analysis Unit OECD Mark Pelling Professor of Geography King's College London Mauricio Rodas Visiting Scholar University of Pennsylvania; Senior Fellow, Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, and Former Mayor of Quito, Ecuador Presenters Moderator Catherine Gamper Co-ordinator of the OECD Task Force on Climate Change Adaptation OECD Discussant Anna Brown Founder and Principal Aequita Consulting LLC
  • 43.
    Time to hearfrom you: Mentimeter Go to www.menti.com and enter the code 7046 8049 or Scan the QR code below with your smartphone/tablet
  • 44.
    Session 2: Synergies andco-benefits with other systems in cities Aromar Revi Director Indian Institute for Human Settlements Yann Francoise Deputy Director and Head of the Climate Department, Paris Climate and Ecological Transition Directorate Presenters Moderator Jose Enrique Garcilazo Head of Unit, Regional and Rural Policy OECD Discussant Lina Liakou Regional Director, Europe and Middle East Resilient Cities Network Oriana Romano, Head of Unit, Water Governance and Circular Economy OECD
  • 45.
    Session 2: Synergies andco-benefits with other systems in cities  Which mechanisms, tools and processes can help generate synergies and co- benefits rather than trade-offs in addressing multiple policy objectives?  How can ‘climate resilient development’ be different from traditional urban development, in addressing the complex climate shocks in cities?  How can green recovery strategies from the COVID-19 pandemic be promoted to align their investment with climate goals and use it for transformative adaptation in cities?
  • 46.
    Session 2: Synergies andco-benefits with other systems in cities Aromar Revi Director Indian Institute for Human Settlements Yann Francoise Deputy Director and Head of the Climate Department, Paris Climate and Ecological Transition Directorate Presenters Moderator Jose Enrique Garcilazo Head of Unit, Regional and Rural Policy OECD Discussant Lina Liakou Regional Director, Europe and Middle East Resilient Cities Network Oriana Romano, Head of Unit, Water Governance and Circular Economy OECD
  • 47.
    Resilient Cities Network R-Citiesfor a safer and more equitable world Lina Liakou, Regional Director EME
  • 48.
    RESILIENT CITIES NETWORK| R-CITIES FOR A SAFER AND MORE EQUITABLE WORLD What is Resilience? The capacity of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems to survive, adapt, grow, and no matter what kinds of chronic stresses and acute shocks they experience. fires CHRONIC STRESSES are slow moving and weaken the fabric of a city ACUTE SHOCKS are sudden, sharp events that threaten a city. flooding climate change poverty food insecurity economic inequality homelessness earthquakes disease outbreaks terrorist attacks
  • 49.
    World Cities Corporations Communities Building Resilient Cities& Communities RESILIENT CITIES NETWORK | R-CITIES FOR A SAFER AND MORE EQUITABLE WORLD
  • 50.
    INTRODUCING THE RESILIENTCITIES NETWORK: AN OVERVIEW Resilient BoTu empowers the two neighborhoods of Bospolder and Tussendijken, to become the city’s first “resilient district,” by directing transformative infrastructure construction and social programs that help people manage debt, access education for both adults and children, find better employment, and improve their housing quality. “Resilient BoTu 2028 consists of so many projects, initiatives and associations, and they all reach out to different groups of residents. What they have in common is that residents take back control over their own life or neighborhood and are supported in their efforts by city officials.” Marleen ten Vergert, Neighborhood Manager & Coalition Organizer for BoTu Rotterdam’s First Resilient Neighborhood
  • 51.
    INTRODUCING THE RESILIENTCITIES NETWORK: AN OVERVIEW Belfast has historically been a place of conflict where people have been cut off from the center. The city has been working on trying to make the city a more human-centered city with a livable center. The council acknowledged the need to plan the city taking into account the youngest in the population. Play has become the opportunity not only to provide outdoor facilities for children but also to bring back nature to cities . Belfast’s Child Friendly City Planning
  • 52.
    RESILIENT CITIES NETWORK| R-CITIES FOR A SAFER AND MORE EQUITABLE WORLD Aligning a community- level resilience initiative with a city’s overarching strategy is a key factor to enable the scaling up Scaling up finance requires a multi-pronged approach to diversify sources of revenues, and building technical capacity in cities Investments in climate- resilient projects combined with social and affordable housing strengthen community resilience while reducing the unintended effect of gentrification Inclusive participatory planning is critical to ensure that city initiatives meet the needs of all community members Developing integrated solutions to address intersecting crises can deliver significant co-benefits
  • 54.
    Session 3: Co-ordination andengagement among diverse urban actors Eugenie L. Birch Nussdorf Professor of Urban Research, Weitzman School of Design; co-Director, Penn Institute for Urban Research, University of Pennsylvania Tennille Parker Director of Disaster Recovery and Special Issues Division, Department of Housing and Urban Development, United States Presenters Moderator Discussant Catherine Anderson Team Lead, Governance for Development OECD David Jacome-Polit Senior Officer Resilient Development ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability Isabelle Chatry Head of Unit, Decentralisation, Subnational Government Finance and Infrastructure OECD
  • 55.
    Session 3: Co-ordination andengagement among diverse urban actors  What are the main climate shocks in cities in your country? How do they relate to other economic, social, health and environmental shocks in cities?  Why is horizontal / vertical co-ordination among and across levels of government vital (in addressing complex climate risks / shocks in cities)?  What are key actions to be taken? Which mechanisms, tools and processes can help, based on your experience?  How can urban climate action be financed across levels of government/different urban actors? Can you share successful practices / lessons?
  • 56.
    BUILDING SYSTEMIC CLIMATE RESILIENCEIN CITIES: OECD WORKSHOP SESSION 3 CO-ORDINATION AND ENGAGEMENT AMONG DIVERSE URBAN ACTORS Eugenie L. Birch Nussdorf Professor University of Pennsylvania
  • 57.
    UNDERSTANDING THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT MultilevelGovernance • Global institutions • Governmental • Non-governmental • National Government • Subnational Government • Civil Society • Types • Networks • Partnerships • Groups • Private Sector • NGOs • Scientific/research
  • 58.
    CONVENING … ADVOCACY…POLICY….IMPLEMENTATION…INVESTMENT…MONITORING
  • 59.
    Dissecting Government: National andSubnational Administrative Structure… Legislation/Regulations… Budget/Finance…Data… Capacity
  • 61.
    Session 3: Co-ordination andengagement among diverse urban actors Eugenie L. Birch Nussdorf Professor of Urban Research, Weitzman School of Design; co-Director, Penn Institute for Urban Research, University of Pennsylvania Tennille Parker Director of Disaster Recovery and Special Issues Division, Department of Housing and Urban Development, United States Presenters Moderator Discussant Catherine Anderson Team Lead, Governance for Development OECD David Jacome-Polit Senior Officer Resilient Development ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability Isabelle Chatry Head of Unit, Decentralisation, Subnational Government Finance and Infrastructure OECD
  • 62.
    CLIMATE RISK INCITIES OF THE UNITED STATES: Strengthening Multi-level Governance For Systemic Climate Resilience Tennille Smith Parker Director, Disaster Recovery & Special Issues Division U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
  • 63.
    PRIMARY CLIMATE SHOCKSIN U.S. CITIES Extreme Heat Drought Wildfires Riverine/inland flood Coastal Flooding
  • 64.
    GOVERNMENT COORDINATION Federal coordination in responseto natural disasters States driving local coordination Funding drives/thwarts coordination
  • 65.
    KEYTOOLS AND ACTIONSIN ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE National Disaster Recovery Framework Regional Planning Intergovernmental Agreements Watersheds Consortium
  • 66.
    FINANCINGTOOLSTO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE National framework  Local driven solutions  Community Development Block Grants for Disaster Recovery  Sequenced housing solutions  Public insurance  PublicTransparency  Collecting data  Citizen Engagement
  • 67.
    Session 3: Co-ordination andengagement among diverse urban actors Eugenie L. Birch Nussdorf Professor of Urban Research, Weitzman School of Design; co-Director, Penn Institute for Urban Research, University of Pennsylvania Tennille Parker Director of Disaster Recovery and Special Issues Division, Department of Housing and Urban Development, United States Presenters Moderator Discussant Catherine Anderson Team Lead, Governance for Development OECD David Jacome-Polit Senior Officer Resilient Development ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability Isabelle Chatry Head of Unit, Decentralisation, Subnational Government Finance and Infrastructure OECD
  • 68.
    Resilient Development Facilitating resilience and inclusivepractices for local and regional governments David Jacome-Polit ICLEI World Secretariat July 2022 ACTIVE IN 125+ COUNTRIES 300+ EXPERTS IN 24 OFFICES WORLDW IDE 2,500+ LOCAL AND REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS
  • 69.
    Resilient development ICLEI’s offer ●Monitoring and evaluation ● Planning ● Implementation ● Insurance and risk transfer ● Transformative Actions Program (TAP) ● Private sector engagement ● Global platforms for exchange ● Science-policy-dialogue ● Data analysis ● Knowledge management ● Research ● Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy (GCoM) ● MCR2030 ● Cities Race to Resilience ● Urban Infrastructure Insurance Facility (UIIF)
  • 70.
    Urban Infrastructure InsuranceFacility (UIIF) A financial instrument for municipal disaster risk management SAMS Office São Paulo MECS Office Mexico City ● Extreme weather events in the region: higher frequency and intensity ● High urbanization rates (81% in 2018) with 340 million living in cities, exacerbating urban vulnerability ● Availability and access to financial resources for adaptation ● 85% of climate finance is destined to mitigation projects Potential cities considered for the project
  • 71.
    Objectives Outcomes Partners Facilitate informed decisionmaking in natural DRM Strengthen the financial resilience of cities to natural disasters Tailored insurance product developed Vulnerable population in need of emergency assistance supported Rapid reconstruction of critical infrastructure services facilitated Financial and technical assistance provided Funded by KfW Development Bank Implemented by ICLEI Urban Infrastructure Insurance Facility (UIIF) A financial instrument for municipal disaster risk management
  • 72.
    Thank you verymuch Senior Officer - Resilient Development ICLEI World Secretariat Kaiser-Friedrich-Str. 7 ● 53113 Bonn ● Germany Email: david.jacome-polit@iclei.org
  • 73.
    Conclusions and closingremarks Andrew Prag Senior Advisor Environment Directorate OECD
  • 74.