Green-IT Governance : the sustainable pairTanguy Swinnen
As invited lecturer @ Jönköping International Business School, I've tried to explain how both the concepts of governance and green-it form together the future for a more sustainable world.
Opening up new circular economy trade opportunities: Options for collaboratio...GreenAllianceUK
On Monday 2nd March the Circular Economy Task Force co-hosted a conference with the Dutch Embassy in London on how to promote the trade in circular economy goods and services between the UK and the Netherlands. The Dutch ambassador Laetitia van den Assum welcomed an expert group of business, policy and academia representatives to a discussion organised around three issues: how policy can support a circular economy, how to deliver a ‘North Sea Resource Roundabout’, and what are the circular economy opportunities for plastics?
Green-IT Governance : the sustainable pairTanguy Swinnen
As invited lecturer @ Jönköping International Business School, I've tried to explain how both the concepts of governance and green-it form together the future for a more sustainable world.
Opening up new circular economy trade opportunities: Options for collaboratio...GreenAllianceUK
On Monday 2nd March the Circular Economy Task Force co-hosted a conference with the Dutch Embassy in London on how to promote the trade in circular economy goods and services between the UK and the Netherlands. The Dutch ambassador Laetitia van den Assum welcomed an expert group of business, policy and academia representatives to a discussion organised around three issues: how policy can support a circular economy, how to deliver a ‘North Sea Resource Roundabout’, and what are the circular economy opportunities for plastics?
A basis for collective learning opportunities to address manifested structures, processes, values, and mindsets. From Proceedings of Relating Systems Thinking and Design (RSD9) 2020 Symposium. National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad, India, October 9-17, 2020.
Business for Good: Balancing Purpose with Profit in a Post-Covid ScotlandMiles Weaver
Join Dr Miles Weaver and Dr Hock Tan, from Edinburgh Napier’s Business School on July 30th for Purpose-driven Organisations, will discuss that many businesses to emerge stronger in a post-covid Scotland will be purpose-driven. Using business as a force for good.
This webinar, hosted by Lorraine Thomson, who heads up Interface's Highlands and Islands team, examines the power of ‘purpose’ and the opportunities for SME’s in embracing the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to create Sustainable Value (for all relevant stakeholders). ‘Profit’ is an output, not a ‘purpose’. Business exists beyond making money and maximising shareholder value. There is a growing consensus that businesses that place “purpose beyond profit” can generate greater returns. What does this mean for SME’s and where are the opportunities? We will first seek to understand what is meant by creating sustainable value and the power of purpose. Followed by taking an overview of the SDG Action Manager to help you to identify opportunities for growth while making an impact across environmental, social and governance landscape.
Triple Bottom Line TBL accounting and reporting increases business success and government transparency. No longer is profit enough to be a sustainable success, a company must report on its environmental and social impacts as well. The same is true for governments.
Leena Aarikka-Stenroos, CICAT2025 research consortium leader, presented the systemic change to circular economy and the work of CICAT2025 project at European Days for Sustainable Circular Economy conference. The conference was held in Helsinki 30 September–1 October in connection with Finland’s Presidency of the Council of the European Union.
Presentation related to the pitching of an entrepreneurial idea made at Lancaster University for the b2b module under MSc. Marketing. The concept of Eco-friendly paper pens and its potential for market capitalization is being highlighted. Eco-friendly pens are possibly the next generation of pens. When the world is dramatically switching towards sustainability and environment conservation, such sustainable conceptualizations are of utmost relevance . With the cost of production being relatively low and the likely profit margin being high, this is probably a revolution in the market.
The pitching was conducted by;
Sayed Mohammed Sabeeh Aydeed - Head, Market Strategy
Sharanya Ray - Head, Market Analysis
A basis for collective learning opportunities to address manifested structures, processes, values, and mindsets. From Proceedings of Relating Systems Thinking and Design (RSD9) 2020 Symposium. National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad, India, October 9-17, 2020.
Business for Good: Balancing Purpose with Profit in a Post-Covid ScotlandMiles Weaver
Join Dr Miles Weaver and Dr Hock Tan, from Edinburgh Napier’s Business School on July 30th for Purpose-driven Organisations, will discuss that many businesses to emerge stronger in a post-covid Scotland will be purpose-driven. Using business as a force for good.
This webinar, hosted by Lorraine Thomson, who heads up Interface's Highlands and Islands team, examines the power of ‘purpose’ and the opportunities for SME’s in embracing the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to create Sustainable Value (for all relevant stakeholders). ‘Profit’ is an output, not a ‘purpose’. Business exists beyond making money and maximising shareholder value. There is a growing consensus that businesses that place “purpose beyond profit” can generate greater returns. What does this mean for SME’s and where are the opportunities? We will first seek to understand what is meant by creating sustainable value and the power of purpose. Followed by taking an overview of the SDG Action Manager to help you to identify opportunities for growth while making an impact across environmental, social and governance landscape.
Triple Bottom Line TBL accounting and reporting increases business success and government transparency. No longer is profit enough to be a sustainable success, a company must report on its environmental and social impacts as well. The same is true for governments.
Leena Aarikka-Stenroos, CICAT2025 research consortium leader, presented the systemic change to circular economy and the work of CICAT2025 project at European Days for Sustainable Circular Economy conference. The conference was held in Helsinki 30 September–1 October in connection with Finland’s Presidency of the Council of the European Union.
Presentation related to the pitching of an entrepreneurial idea made at Lancaster University for the b2b module under MSc. Marketing. The concept of Eco-friendly paper pens and its potential for market capitalization is being highlighted. Eco-friendly pens are possibly the next generation of pens. When the world is dramatically switching towards sustainability and environment conservation, such sustainable conceptualizations are of utmost relevance . With the cost of production being relatively low and the likely profit margin being high, this is probably a revolution in the market.
The pitching was conducted by;
Sayed Mohammed Sabeeh Aydeed - Head, Market Strategy
Sharanya Ray - Head, Market Analysis
ECO4CLIM we are a "glocal" community of climate practice, materialized into a global network of interconnected climate innovation labs, managed by climate organizers; where ecopreneurs meet climate activists and other key stakeholders, to co-create sustainable business solutions to climate-related challenges, for cities and communities, as well as companies and organizations.
If you want to run your own climate innovation lab within this global network, read this presentation carefully and contact us at http://ecopreneurs4climate.org/labs/
A presentation given to 400 business students and professors in Guadalajara, Mexico on September 19 2013. It covers: CSR definitions, trends now and in the future, company case studies, the business case for CSR and sustainability and the issues of the future. Looks at Marks & Spencer, Unilever, Siemens, General Electric company
The Factors of Impacts of Real Estate Developers on Urban Developm.docxmehek4
The Factors of Impacts of Real Estate Developers on Urban Development : The Case Study of Dammam Metropolitan Area, Saudi Arabia
Instructions:
· It’s part of Ph.D. proposal so I want it to be high professional.
· My research related to Dammam Metropolitan area DMA in Saudi Arabia.
· My research focus on the relation between the real estate developers, and urban development to be focus more it will identify the factors of impacts that effect 3 main aspects (social, economic and environment). So try to create the idea of that.
· I have researched for the most important files that could be used for literature review section, please check them in attachment files and try to use most of them. Also may be you want to find some other related sources to add more information.
· Start the literature review with the introduction section that from the files that related to Dammam Metropolitan Area.
· In Literature review sections: it’s important to extract the indicators from cases study that related to all aspects and could be used to solve the problem.
· In the end of literature review add a specific section that coverd most of major terms that available in the sources that used for literature review section (mention them “terms” with name of source you found it on it and define them).
· Cite everything : text, indicators or factors, cases, terms, etc…
· Use APA citation system.
· Double space.
· Time New Roman 12 font size.
· Take care of plagiarism, it must be original text with 0 similarity. I want you to give me TURN IT IN REPORT.
· Write in other file word the name of each sources you use it and from where you take the text for example (urban development USA case study, page3 pargraph2)
· Due date on WEDENSDAY, December 27/2017.
Just to increase your information of the idea of this research and understand the next par, this is the define of the research problem:
With the passage of time, there is an increase in real estate development and real estate developers are responding to more demand for real estate. The ballooning real estate sector is a solution in the short run to the increasing urban population but a long run issue for them as it creates many challenges for the cities. Continued development of the urban areas with no keen consideration for the effects that such real estate developments have for the general urban development is creating a problem for the future. Urban development faces a number of issues including urban planning, sustainable development, social planning, and economic challenges. The surge in real estate development affects all the aspects of urban development, which is the essence of this study. This study should aim at unearthing the elements of real estate developers activities that are not good for urban planning and development and develop appropriate solutions that can help manage these issues.
The real problem, however, is lack of a framework that would create various factors that developers must adhere ...
Marcas territoriais como um instrumento do planeamento territorial estratégicoPrivate
A principal linha de raciocínio postulada neste documento e nos artigos académicos que lhe
deram origem - place branding como um instrumento do planeamento estratégico territorial - é uma
linha de raciocínio e de investigação que pretende ir muito mais além do que a escala regional.
Procura também distanciar-se da abordagem baseada em princípios e conceitos do branding e
marketing corporativos que continuam a dominar o discurso contemporâneo em place branding.
Importa ainda sublinhar que a linha de raciocínio exacerbada nesta tese não pretende menosprezar
ou desvalorizar o valor de uma abordagem mais próxima aos conceitos dos negócios, como branding
e marketing corporativos, mas visa sim complementá-la e enriquecê-la - explorando uma abordagem
mais geográfica-territorial ao place branding que pode introduzir mais eficácia, ser mais justa e
socialmente mais responsável.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Business objectives, corporate social responsibility vs. corporate spatial responsibility by Eduardo Oliveira
1. Lecture 1 - Introduction: economic geography and its recent paradigms
Economic
Geography
and
Sustainability
WS 2021-20220
Lecture 5 – 24.11.2021
2. Fifth lecture of this WS 2021-22
Direct link literature
• 27-10: Introduction
• 03-11: Making progress towards the SDGs through the lens of
evolutionary economic geography (EEG)
• 10-11: Governance of sustainability transitions
• 17-11: Global production networks, slow innovation and
geographies of circular economy and EU Green Deal
• 24-11: Corporate social responsibility vs. corporate spatial
responsibility and Greenwashing effect
• 01-12: Mission-oriented innovation policies and sustainable
economic geography (e.g., degrowth; EU Green Deal)
3. • A recap of last week’s lecture
> Slow Innovation
> Circular economy
• Corporate Social Responsibility
• Corporate Spatial Responsibility
• Greenwashing effect
• Debate
In today’s lecture
:::10 minutes Break:::
4. A recap of last week’s lecture
Fast “everything”
Linear economy
5. Slow Innovation & Circular Economy
Social,
economic and
environmental
sustainability
Classic
economic
development
models
6. Disrupting established economic regimes
Slow Innovation (SI) Circular Economy
Innovation also occurs at the periphery,
small- medium-size towns > non-urban
Challenges theories of > geography of
innovation i.e., proximities that enable
information and knowledge exchange;
Slow City complementing or replacing
Creative & Smart City (urban-based
innovation);
Reliance on local knowledge, local
resources not on responding to market;
Large-cities as protagonists overshadow
innovation process and their genesis;
Knowledge leads to innovations on
long-lasting products and services;
Emphasize endogenous factors and
local distinctiveness;
Rebranded approach on the
relationship society – nature – society
Reaction to unsustainable practices of
Linear Economy (LE) i.e., the “take,
make, and dispose” economy.
Its definition basically depends on who
is defining it (EU; NGOs etc)
Goal = waste becomes a resource
Essence = production and consumption
model which involves reusing,
repairing, refurbishing and recycling
Further research = sustain the concept
Business = integrated CE principles in
business models (circular business models)
7. Circular business models (De Angelis 2018)
• Leasing or renting instead of purchasing
• Combining products and services
• Sharing, car, home sharing, working spaces
• Products are collected back at the end of their
useful life by a service provider and are then 4R:
recycling/ refurbishing/remanufacturing/reusing
• Products designed to last longer – linkage to slow
innovation – “places that also matter”
• Circular supply chain – using recycled products as
inputs to production > corporate responsibility
• Collaborative consumption - platforms enabling
access to second-hand products, swopping and
borrowing products
• Customer-centred decision making - consumers
vote on the product to manufacture
8. The town of Vierzon in the Centre-Val-de-Loire
region in France is a medium-sized old
industrial town in a structural crisis caused by
deindustrialisation starting in the 1970s
9. Explore the creation and growth of Ledger – a frontier blockchain start-up that designs,
produces and commercialises hardware wallets for cryptocurrencies – against all odds in
Vierzon, France. It underlines the role of a Window of Locational Opportunity, agency, chance,
the broader institutional context in the location of Ledger in an unlikely place.
1. Emergence of an innovative technology – Ledger, blockchain and cryptocurrencies;
2. Benefited from generic resources such as cheap office spaces and access to broadband;
3. Agency and structure mediated chance and serendipity
10. + Capture public funding
+ Institutional support
+ local policymakers in SMSTs to
take the initiative in identifying
agents of change
+ seizing brief windows of
opportunity and breaking out of
existing paths
11. Traditional know-how on textile >
technical textile
Application of the principles of slow
innovation
14. Chain coordination, contracting,
and financial mechanisms were
identified as key organizational
elements for creating new
pathways to transition into circular
materials flows.
Circular economy > examples
15. Prime question > Affluence-based…
How can such concepts and approaches become an alternative?
Source
Source
16. In a context of global completion
discourses
Country Brand Rankings >
economic performance
About moving “fast”…
17. Biggest fall in FDI: threat or opportunity?
• Invest in endogenous development > slow innovation and
circular economy concepts could strengthen
• Offers the prospects of several different alternative futures.
(Wells et al. 2020)
Scenario Landscape Regime Niche
Ecological
burdens
18. Eco. Geo. & Sustainability
The global coffee industry provides an interesting
empirical case to study sustainability in global chains:
Over the past twenty years, more than thirty corporate
and multi-stakeholder sustainability standards have
been developed, including:
International agreements
• Fairtrade
• Rainforest Alliance
• Utz Certified
Corporate Social Responsibility
• Common Code for the Coffee Community.
(Manning et al 2012)
(Kolk, 2005)
Sustainability
standards
19. Comparison of coffee sustainability
standards
(Ponte, 2020; Manning et al 2012)
Critique
22. Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) > Nestlé and Unilever
were found to be the top sources of plastic pollution in waste in the
Philippines.
Greenpeace 2019
Environmental justice
23. International production configurations are being shaped
(1) ‘Regional’ shoring > will lead to shorter, less fragmented value chains and a
higher geographical concentration of value added.
(2) Diversification > will lead to a wider distribution of economic activities. It will
primarily affect services and GVC-intensive manufacturing industries. This trajectory
will increase opportunities for new economies and firms to participate in GVCs.
(3) Regionalization will reduce the physical length of supply chains. Regional
economic cooperation, industrial policy and investment promotion will become
indispensable to build regional value chains instead of global.
(4) Replication will lead to shorter value chains. It will lead to more geographically
distributed activities, but more concentrated value added.
Global Investment
Report 2020
Efforts within Global
supply chains
Research gaps in terms of Slow and Circular movements
24. Global supply chains >
Corporate social and spatial responsibility
(Lund-Thomsen and Nadvi 2010)
Companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their
business operations and interactions along their > production network
25. Corporate Responsibility >
geographical approach
Geographers often assume a critical perspective, for example, to the
attention to local specificities as they can provide important insights on the
relation between business objectives and pressing social and
environmental concerns.
Geographers are focused on how they affect local economic development
trajectories and ecosystems, and on the distribution of risks, responsibility,
and power within the global economy rather than how successfully
corporations manage stakeholder expectations
Take-home message
Key consideration
A key debate in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature is the
tension between global pressures and local responses
(Hamilton, 2011)
26. Corporate Social
Responsibility
Corporate Spatial or
Regional Responsibility
Corporate Responsibility > geographical approach
> Corporate Spatial Responsibility
Clark et al 2018 Knieling et al 2012
Enterprises and business associations
increasingly influence spatial
development policies > strategic
spatial planning (for example)
Strategic entrepreneurial decisions
encompassing urban or city-regional
contexts as well as issues not linked to
a corporate’s business
Spatial involvement of enterprises /
firms in local or regional contexts
Enterprises only pursue social and
spatial approaches, if those are not
contradicting corporate goals
Involves a greater integration of
responsibility towards workers,
customers, communities, and natural
environments into core business
Strict compliance with labour and
environmental codes of practice
As a response to anti-corporate
campaigning and critical journalism >
introduce corporate responsibility
programs, which address the impacts
of their business on social groups and
the environment
27. But first the non-geographical approach
Corporate Social Responsibility > Business approach
Also known as:
• Corporate Citizenship
• Corporate Responsibility
• Responsible Business
Business advantages:
• Human Resources > Recruitment, retention and morale of Employees
• Risk Management > Investment in ‘ethical brand equity’
• Brand Differentiation > Build brand loyalty
• > Reputation and brand attractiveness
‘Greenwashing’ effect
Take-home message >
critique
(Lyon and Montgomery, 2013).
28. Corporate Social Responsibility > Business approach
Example > Community focused
2018 corporate responsibility report
“We are making intentional, strategic
investments to lift those who are
being left behind. We are measuring
our returns according to how we
improve individual lives within
communities.”
Bank and financial services holding company
headquartered in New York City
“creating a lasting
impact in our
communities.”
29. Corporate Social Responsibility > Business approach
Example > Environmentally focused
Source 2020
• Energy conservation/climate change —
reduce the overall carbon footprint of our
business operations by 15% by 2020, as
compared to 2007 baseline.
• Sustainable packaging/recycling — reduce
the impact of our packaging; maximize our
use of renewable, reusable, and recyclable
resources to recover the equivalent of 100
percent of our packaging.
• Water stewardship — establish a water
sustainable operation in which we
minimize our water use and have water
neutral impact on the local communities in
which we operate. We’ll safely return the
amount of water equivalent to that used in
our beverages and their production to
these communities and their environment.
• Product portfolio/wellbeing — provide
refreshing beverages for every lifestyle
and occasion, while helping consumers
make informed beverage choices.
• Diverse and inclusive culture — create a
culture where diversity is valued, every
employee is respected, and our
workforce reflects the communities in
which we operate.
30. Corporate Social Responsibility > Business approach
Example > Customer Focused
Source; Forbes 2020
Elevates Sustainability And
Impact To Drive Growth
• “Leveraging business for the
greater good”
• 10% reduction in CO2
emissions since last year and a
$1 billion COVID-19 relief
investment for employees
• We’re reducing the use of
plastic and things that last for
thousands of years in landfills.
We're not going to take our
foot off the accelerator as far
as driving sustainability and
responsibility.
31. Corporate Social Responsibility > Business approach
Example > Socially Focused
American pharmaceutical
company, headquartered NYC
Source
• We embrace a diverse workforce and inclusive culture. The health, safety, professional
development, work-life balance and equitable, respectful treatment of our employees are
among our highest priorities.
• We promote conscientious citizenship that improves health and promotes sustainability in
our communities.
• We promote conscientious citizenship that improves health and promotes sustainability in
our communities.
32. Corporate Responsibility >
geographical approach
‘Greenwashing’ effect > learn more? > Furlow 2010; Delmas et al 2011
Greenwashing is the dissemination of false or incomplete information by
an organization to present an environmentally responsible public image.
Corporations can unethically trick you into thinking their products are
environmentally friendly. They do this because going green or zero waste is
“trendy” and they want your money.
Not to be confused with green marketing, greenwashing is when products
give a false impression of being eco-friendly when they are not.
A growing number of consumers say they’re willing
to pay more for products with a sustainability message.
When something sounds better for the environment than
what it is, is called greenwashing
33. Source
Corporations accused of not being as environmentally
friendly as marketed
There’s nothing clean about
diesel engines that spew
pollutants at levels way over
the legal limit.
Volkswagen/BMW/Ford/
Mercedes-Benz (‘clean diesel’)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oetgAZaUFVk
Meat alternative brand Quorn Foods
claims in the YouTube video above
that its Thai Wonder Grains “lunch
pot” is a step in the right direction
to addressing climate change
because it “helps us reduce our
carbon footprint.”
Quorn Foods (carbon footprint claims)
34. Corporations accused of not being as environmentally
friendly as marketed
Nestle (‘sustainably sourced
cocoa beans’)
2019 class-action lawsuit against
Nestle alleges the food giant’s
“sustainably sourced cocoa
beans” are nothing of the sort.
Not when production of the key
ingredient in the company’s
chocolate products — including
its Butterfinger and Baby Ruth
bars, Nesquik chocolate milk, Toll
House chocolate chips and hot
cocoa mix — is helping drive
massive deforestation in West
Africa. The suit also claims the
cocoa comes from farms that use
child and slave labor, which
Nestle (sort of) responds to here.
Source
35. Banned for greenwashing > several examples
• For using outdated information to
claim it was the UK’s lowest
emission airline.
• The company claimed that the car was
“zero emissions”, but this was
disputed on the grounds that it came
with the option of a small petrol
engine to maintain its charge and also
that it seemed to claim that by buying
the car, customers would be “giving
back” to the environment.
(Source 2020)
36. Geographers have succeeded in putting corporate responsibility in its place – by
examining the interplay of different scales of activity and the appropriate
balance between market mechanisms and other means of achieving local
economic development, environmental protection, and other goals – there are
spaces of negotiation and capacity-building that deserve more attention.
(Hamilton, 2011; Jussila et al 2007)
Take-home message
Key consideration
Research gaps >
Corporate Spatial or Regional Responsibility
Regional responsibility means
the utilization of the region’s
resources and advocacy of
local interests.
Aligns with concepts
• Slow Innovation
• Circular economy
• Addressing ST challenges
• Territorial governance
• Mission oriented innovation
37. Corporate Spatial or Regional Responsibility
Take-home definition
Regional responsibility may be defined in terms of firms’ active
participation in regional strategy processes, and local and regional
economic development (L&RED) (cf. Carroll, 1979).
A firm may be able to gain access to critical regional resources, such as
knowledge of the operational environment, customer loyalty and
(business) locations (Wernefelt, 1984; Hart, 1995) and, at the same time,
secure its future position and source of competitive advantage (Hamel
and Prahalad, 1994).
The relationship between firms and their regions is reciprocal not only in
terms of economic exchange; firms derive some of their characteristics
from and directly influence the characteristics of specific regions or
small- medium-size towns. (Hamilton, 2011; Jussila et al 2007)
38. Corporate Spatial Responsibility >
Corporate Spatial Strategy
Privatization of urban and regional development:
Social benefit or realization of Corporate goals?
Ecological and social concerns are voluntarily integrated into the
company's activities – Indeed this is corporate social responsibility
and so not a substitute for legal, stipulated regulations, but more
about self-commitment from corporate to address > spatially-based
societal challenges.
Corporate Spatial Responsibility > The term "spatial" means a
(voluntary) spatial commitment for a location or a region.
(Knieling, Othengrafen and Preising, 2012; Schiek, 2017)
39. Social Responsibility Spatial Responsibility
Summary before examples
Clark et al 2018 Knieling et al 2012
Enterprises and business associations
increasingly influence spatial
development policies or strategies
✓ Infrastructures
✓ Social housing
✓ Place-making interventions
Strategic entrepreneurial decisions
are not only focused on issues which
are directly related to the enterprise’s
divisions but encompassing urban or
city-regional contexts
Yet, there is a lack of empirical studies
underlining approaches
Few examples in Germany and
Nordic countries
Voluntary integration of responsibility
towards
✓ Employees,
✓ Customers,
✓ Nature > into core business of firms
To “please” shareholders, possible
investors and costumers
> Greenwashing effect
Sustainability standards aiming at
turning global supply chains towards
community-focused and reduce their
environmental footprint
✓ Coffee
✓ Beef > forest clearance
✓ Soybeans, crops
40. Corporate Spatial Responsibility >
Initiative Ruhr GmbH
Corporate Spatial or Regional Responsibility > The term "spatial" means a
spatial commitment > voluntary > towards a city or a region.
Initiative Ruhr GmbH (DE)
✓ Pursuing the goal of structural change in
the Ruhr for over 25 years
✓ Involves +67 organizations
✓ Focused on
✓ Energy
✓ Logistics
✓ Education
✓ Culture
✓ Projects that are often aimed at citizens
or the promotion of the regional
economy > environmental dimension
✓ Enterprises involved > make a voluntary
financial contribution to the overall
plans of the Initiative
InnovationCity Ruhr
Ruhr Piano Festival
The Ruhr cities are, from west to
east: Duisburg, Oberhausen, Bottrop, Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Bochum, Herne, Hagen,
Dortmund, Lünen, Bergkamen, Hamm and the districts
of Wesel, Recklinghausen, Unna and Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis.
The most populous cities are Dortmund, Essen and
Duisburg
(Schiek 2016)
41. Corporate Spatial Responsibility >
Die Wirtschaftsinitiative Frankfurt Rhein Main
Focused in attracting investment (and workforce) +++ valuing local
resources and assets
Wirtschaftsinitiative FrankfurtRheinMain (DE)
✓ Corporate Spatial Responsibility
cooperative that sees itself as a ‘lobby
association for the metropolitan
region FRM’, which aims to create an
attractive economic area to shape
the conditions for the residents and
companies
✓ Boost regional identity a sense of
belonging to the region
✓ More passive role if compared to
Ruhr Initiative >
✓ Firms/companies participate
mainly by paying membership
fees
(Schiek 2016)
42. Corporate Spatial Responsibility (CSR) >
Conclusions
Take-home message
Key consideration
From an economic geographic point of view CSR is seen as a strategic
investment in a territory e.g., region; metropolitan area > generating
repercussions in terms of regional competitiveness and quality of life.
Private entities, firms, corporations often associated in networks or
cooperatives take responsibility for urban and regional development
and how a region or metropolitan area will develop in future
Investment
attraction
Infrastructure
improvement
Respect
standards;
SDGs
44. Essay:
> Adopt a geographical perspective;
> Should not be too broad, ideally have a place-based focus
> Narrow defined idea
Possible research questions
Corporate Social Responsibility in the context of global
production: comparing global and place-based business models?
Embedding small- medium-size companies in global supply
chains: essential condition for successfully implementing
sustainability principles?
Global standards versus local realities: why suppliers in
regions/countries differ in their capabilities in implementing
social-oriented or environmental-focused principles?
45. Next week > 01-12: Mission-oriented innovation
policies and sustainable economic geography (e.g.,
degrowth; EU Green Deal)
46. Lecture 1 - Introduction: economic geography and its recent paradigms
Examples on
slow innovation or
global supply chains
47. • Describes the activities involved in the production of a
good or service – including supply, distribution, and
post-sales activities i.e., supply chain – implying
coordination across geographies (Gereffi et al. 2005).
Global value chains
From Idea To sales of a product
> global
48. The governance of global value chains
Take-home message
(Gereffi et al. 2005)
Global value chain research and policy work examine the
different ways in which global production and distribution
systems are integrated, and the possibilities for firms in
developing countries to enhance their position in global markets.
Key consideration
Globalization has resulted in an extensive distribution of global
production, which requires more intensive organization of ties
among firms or > within global production networks:
• Industrial governance
• Inter-firm governance
• Value chain governance (Nadvi 2008)
49. Source
R&D Sales of product
Global Suppliers in
31 locations
Supply
Chain
Example: Global value chains
50. Critical
• Select certain geographies because they
have less regulations/not so strict
• Availability-Cost relation of Labour
• Availability-Cost of resources (land;
energy)
Example: Global value chains
51. Large firm >
Power to steer
production process
Producer
Branded Goods
Company
Retail Company
Wholesale
Wholesale
Retail
Producer
Producer
Producer
Buyer
Abroad
Power Relations
(management,
control)
Flow of Goods
Producer-focused value chains
Buyer-focused operations as a supply chain strategy
Subcontractor
Part Supplier
Braun and Schulz 2012, 211
The Global Supply Chain > Dynamics
Producers depend
on lead firms with
direct access to
consumers
53. Global value chains > Sustainability
The concept of global value chain (GVC) emphasizes the global scale and
structure of many commodity chains as a result of the internationalization of
production (Gereffi, 1994, Gereffi et al., 2005).
Largest
producers
54. Global Production Networks
OLAT direct
Neil m. Coe
and
Henry Wai-Chung Yeung
An organizational arrangement, comprising
interconnected economic and non-economic
actors, coordinated by a global firm, involving
producing of goods or services across multiple
geographical locations for worldwide markets.
Must have three or more roles performed by
different and independent firms such as a lead
firm and its strategic partners (strategic
alliances) or external suppliers and customers.
Take-home message
Key consideration
55. Differences between Global Value Chain and
Global Production Networks
Global Production Networks emerged as a geographical
critique of the Global Value Chain literature.
> Adopts a network approach – interconnectedness
firms/entrepreneurs
> Complex intra-, inter- and extra-firm networks
> Incorporates a wide range of non-firm organisations
> Importance of institutional context – in terms of
rules/regulations, but also business cultures
> Multi-scalar > various locals/regional make the global
Concerned with the territorial development impacts of
network formations
(Coe and Wai-chung Yeung 2015)
Key consideration
56. Theoretical antecedents to the GPN approach
(Coe, 2009)
Value Chains Global Production
Networks
Global Production Networks 1.0
(Coe and Wai-chung Yeung 2015)
57. Value of
local-based assets
Global Production Networks >
Strategic coupling and territorial development
(Coe and Wai-chung Yeung 2015)
Cooperation
Territorial
development
Input of multiple voices > +
positive for SD and support
Sustainability Transitions
58. When complementary effect exists between regions and global production networks
(multinational corporations), a developmental process of strategic coupling will take place
through which the advantages of regions interact positively with the strategic needs of actors in
these global production networks.
Key regional assets include the presence of prestigious research universities, the availability
of pools of skilled labour and an attractive residential environment for creative workers
59. Global Production Networks 1.0 >
Critique
1. Unclear origins of Global Production Networks >
conceptual weakness.
2. Not explanatory and causal enough (lack of
framework vs. theory).
3. Failure to theorize competitive dynamics and
evolutionary processes in multi-commodity or
multi-industry production networks.
Global Production Networks 2.0
Coe and Wai-chung Yeung 2015
60. Global Production Networks 2.0 >
Sustainability > page 47 and GPN 2.0
Extra-firm actors in a global production network
Coe and Wai-chung Yeung 2015