Presentatio tries to bring out context of the cities in the overall development of communities and nations, and the manner cities are being subjected to devlopmental and population pressure. As engines of economic growth cities are known to have environmental, ecological and infrastructure implications besides becoming the major propeller of global warming and climate change. Looking at the role and importance of cities in alleviating poverty, pollution and numerous other growing dualitues and contradictions, presentation focusses on how to make growth and development of cities more rational, sustaianble, inclusive, safe abd resilient.

1. Smart Cities --Concepts
& Approaches
Ar. J.K.GUPTA,
Email---- jit.kumar1944@gmail.com, Mob- 90410-26414

2. Cities and their Context
• Cities have been part of human history.
• - Cities- known to command power and authority
• .Cities- known for both -- positivity and negativities
• Cities -- known for their dualities and contradictions
• Cities -- known to be areas of concentration of population/
activities, infrastructures, services, healthcare, education
• Cities -- known to be Engines of economic growth-70%
• Cities - generators of employment , wealth and prosperity,
• Cities – also known for their negativities,
• – where rich and poor rub shoulders-
• Cities – large consumers of resources/energy/ land
• Cities- generators of 70% waste
• Cities – consuming 60% global energy generating 70% of
carbon footprints-
• Cities largely responsible for global warming-

3. Cities and their Context
• Cities- remain a manmade , mechanical habitat
• Cities- destroy natural habitat-anti-thesis to bio-diversity
• Cities- known to be creator of best/ worst living
conditions- housing both rich and poor
• Cities- home to large migrants
• Cities- home to slums
• Cities- remain in crisis- natural and manmade
• Crisis-- of population, poverty, pollution
• Cities – ever evolving and devolving, never static
• Cities – will remain dominant in future
• Cities- drivers of nation’s future
• However Cities - need rationalization
• Cities --need to be made more-- bio-diverse; productive,
effective, efficient, humane, livable, inclusive, safe,
Resilient ,sustainable, Healthy place to live /work

5. Hierarchy of Human Settlements

7. Global Context of Cities

8. Indian Urbanization
• 250 million in 1919
• 1210 million in 2011
• 2050- Indian population- 1600 mil. -- 50%
in Urban India.
• Metropolitan Centres -5 (1951)- -53 (2011)-
68(2031)
• 10 m plus- nil (1951)- 3 (2011) -7 (2031)-9
(2051)
• During last 100 years, India witnessed—
- -Urbanization level going up by 3 times
- --Urban settlements growing merely 4
times
- --Total Population multiplying 5 times
- -Urban population increasing 15 times and
- -Rural population increasing 3.5 times
- India heading to be most populated
country on this planet-2036

9. URBAN INDIA- 2030- Mckinsey Global Inst-
• India Urban Awakening :Building Inclusive Cities-
Report- April, 2010 -- by 2030:
• 590 m to live in Urban India- twice the US population
• 70% GDP generated by cities
• 80% Revenue generated by cities
• 4 fold increase in per capita income
• 5 times the number by which GDP would multiply
• 270 million net increase in working age group
• 70% of new jobs(170 mil) generated in cities
• 91 M urban households will be middle class-- up from 22 M
• 68 Cities will be Metropolises-Europe has 35 only
• $ 1.2T capital needed to meet projected infrastructure demand
• 700-900 million Sqmts of residential/ commercial area needed
annually- a new Chicago to be created
• 2.5 b Sqmts roads paved-20times created in last decade
• 7400km (350-400 km/year) of metro needed -20times created in last
decade
• 200 million Rural Indians to benefit-living close to top 70 cities
• 75%urban India to live in bottom segment -earning Rs 80 per day

10. Indian Urbanization
• Urban area important because they will be :
 Areas of concentration of population,
 Providers of large employment.
 Areas of large investment.
 Housing major infrastructure & services.
 Hub around which entire economy gravitates.
 Promoters of higher order of productivity
• Major contributors to the national wealth/GDP
 1950-51 - 29% (level of urbanization - 17.29%)
 1970-71- 37% (level of urbanization - 19.91%)
 1990-91- 50% (level of urbanization - 25.72%)
 2001-02- 60% (level of urbanization - 27.78%)
 2011- 12- 65% (level of urbanization - 31.1%)
 10 Largest cities house 8%pop and produce 15%GDP
 53 Metro cities house 13 %pop and produce 33%GDP
 100 Largest cities house 16%pop and produce 43%GDP

11. Urbanization-issues
• Urban centers :
 Poorly planned, developed managed and governed.
 Unable to meet challenges of urban dynamism
 Haphazard /Unplanned pattern of development.
 Enormous growth of slums
• Poor quality of life
• largely unhealthy-House large polluting gases of NO, O3,
Co2,SO2 suspended particulate
• -98% cities in low& low/middle countries / 56% in high
income economies do not meet air quality –WHO norms
• 6 million people died -due to air pollution-2019-20
• Cities Remain unsafe
• Cities -- Remain water stressed
• Unable to meet basic needs of
• -Shelter
• --Services ,
• --Sanitation

12. Urbanization-issues
• Cities--Have acute shortage of green spaces
• Remain prone to disasters- natural and manmade
• Create large heat island- leading to temperature rise
of 2-4 degree during day and up to 10 C at night
• Perpetually suffering from problems of traffic and
transportation
• Promoting exclusion
• Creating dichotomy between rich and poor
• Remain unsustainable- largely dependent on rural
hinterland for day to day needs
• Remain large consumer of energy / resources
• Remain polluter of environment / destroyer of bio-
diversity
• Indian Urbanization rightly called :
 Urbanization of Population
 Urbanization of Poverty
 Urbanization of Pollution

13. Urbanization-issues

14. Making
cities
Sustainable

15. SDG 11- Make cities and human settlements
inclusive ,safe, resilient and sustainable

17. •Smart City
•-Global Context

18. Why Smart Cities Are Important
• 54% of the world’s population lives in cities
• 2.5 billion to join urban are
• as in next 3 decades.
• need to manage environmental,--
• social /economic sustainability of resources.
• Smart cities allow ;--citizens / local authorities
--to work together -- launch initiatives
• -- use smart technologies to --manage assets
/resources
• --Provide high quality of life to residents--
generate economic growth.
• -- delivering services with reduced infrastructure
costs.

19. How Smart Cities Work
• Smart cities follow four steps to improve-- quality of life -- promoting
economic growth
• Using --a network of connected IoT devices /other technologies.
• 1. Collection – Smart sensors gather real-time data
• 2. Analysis – to understand operation of City services
• 3. Communication – data to decision makers for action
• 4. Action – to improve operations, manage assets/ improve quality of life
of residents
• ICT framework brings together;
• -- real time data
• - connecting / engaging/ interacting with citizens /smart city ecosystems
• -- using mobile devices /connected vehicles and buildings/ infrastructure
• -- makes operation cost- effective
• --improve sustainability
• -- streamline service delivery
• -- energy distribution / refuse collection,
• -- reduced traffic congestion
• --improved air quality.

20. •Smart City
Mission in India

21. Smart City Mission in India
• India launched a Mission to make 100 selected cities Smart
• First stage , state governments nominated potential cities
• Centre shortlisted 100.
• In August 2015 Govt. of India released the list of 98 cities, including
many state capitals.
• MOUD received proposals from 97 cities--- for beneficiaries of first
year financing from 2016
• selected top 20 from among them on 28 January 2016.
• Bhubaneswar topped the list followed by Pune and Jaipur
• Faridabad and Karnal selected as smart cities in Haryana.
• Amritsar, Ludhiana and Jalandhar selected as Smart cities in Punjab
• A total of ₹98000 Crores approved for development of:
• 100 smart cities and rejuvenation of 500 others.
• 48,000 Crores for Smart Cities mission and
• 50,000 Crores for the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban
Transformation(AMRUT)

22. Smart City Mission in India
• Smart Cities Mission ;
• urban renewal, green field and retrofitting program
• Launched by Government of India to develop 100 cities
• making them
• citizen friendly,
• people centric
• promoting sustainable and inclusive development
• providing basic amenities/ assured quality of life
• Through application of ‘Smart’ Solutions.
• To create a replicable model for other aspiring cities.
• Involving Green Field / Brown field development/ Pan city
approach
• Smart Cities Mission launched in June 2015.[

23. Smart City Mission in India
• Core infrastructure elements in a smart city include:
• i. Assuring adequate water supply,
• ii. assured electricity supply,
• iii. sanitation, including solid waste management,
• iv. efficient urban mobility and public transport,
• v. affordable housing, especially for poor,
• vi. robust IT connectivity and digitalization,
• vii. good governance-- e-Governance &citizen participation,
• viii. sustainable environment,
• ix.Promoting safety & security of citizens,
• --particularly women, children ; elderly,
• x. health & education.
.

24. Defining Smart Cities
• -- There exist number of definitions-- of a smart city. Smart city is defined
as a ;
• --“City that makes optimal use of
• -- all interconnected information available
• -- for better understanding & controlling its operations
• -to optimise use of limited resources.”
• in short, a smart city;
• -- uses a framework of ICT
• -- to create/ deploy / promote development practices
• -- to address urban challenges and
• -- create a technologically
• -enabled sustainable infrastructure.

25. Defining Smart Cities
Forbes identified Nine
key aspects that define a
Smart City: ‘
•smart governance
• Smart education
•smart energy,
•smart building,
• smart mobility,
•smart infrastructure,
•smart technology,
•smart healthcare
•smart citizen

26. Making Cities Great Places to Live
• Smart -- Visioning
• State of art --Planned Development
• Weaving nature-- with development
• Making cities-- Compact
• --Making cities-- Inclusive--Making Cities Safe
• --Leveraging-- Technology
• Making cities --Green/blue - Leveraging landscape/water
• -Leveraging-- Culture, Heritage, Art / Architecture
• -Creating Quality --Public Spaces
• -Designing low energy --Buildings
• -Making cities -- community/people centric
• -Creating -- ownership for city
• Reconnecting-- cities to food productivity
• - integrating agriculture into cities through holistic architecture-
Making Cities --Spongy- keeping large area open/ promote
rain water harvesting--ground water charging/reducing flooding
• Making informal sector- integral part of planning/develop.

27. New Order of Planning
- Inventing new order of planning
- Planning to focus on:
- - Synergizing urban - rural areas
-- Planning in Regional Context
--Reviewing planning tool
--Making cities compact
-Making cities land efficient
-Making cities resource efficient
--Planning cities for bio-diversity
-- Avoiding Urban Sprawl
-- Stopping melting of cities
--Making cities energy efficient
-- reducing carbon footprints
-- Reducing global warming

28. Regional Planning- NCR

29. CO
BS
WO
RKING
LIVING
CIRCULATIO
N
• The Radiant City
•An organism capable of housing works of
man of machine-age society.
• placed under masterful government of
natural conditions:
•Sun
•Space
•Greenery
•And its mission is service of mankind:
•To live
•To work
•To cultivate body and spirit
•To travel about
(in this order and obeying this
hierarchy)

30. PLANNING COMPACT CITIES
Make cities compact by;
– promoting High-density development
-- adopting Transit oriented development
-- Raising Height and
-Rationalizing land uses
--Redefining Building bye-laws
-Building inside not outside
--- Building vertical not horizontal
--- Building High not low
--- Building mix not pure
---Building dense not shallow
----- optimizing current infrastructure.
.

31. COMPACT CITY

32. COMPACT CITY

33. Curitiba's BRT corridors run along
high-density developed area

34. Amazing Green City–Musdar –Abu
Dhabi-UA --Zero Carbon --Zero Waste
Zero Car city

35. Amazing Future Green City of
World –Musdar –Abu Dhabi-UAE
 A city of 50,000population
 City of no cars , no waste
Planned to make use of cool sea winds
Using solar energy on rooftop
Narrow streets shading houses
Total recycling of waste/water
 working/ living area-- not farther
than200 mts from transportation nodes.
Electric powered light rail on elevated
track to permit easy transport between
Musdar and Abu Dhabi.
•for Intra-city travel people use
personal rapid transit pods (PRT) run on
magnetic tracks using electric power.
•Aim is to create:
Zero Carbon
Zero Waste
Zero Car city

36. TIANJIN- Master Plan
..
1. Land-use Planning –Making city compact, mix land uses and
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)
2. Transport Planning -Green transport .—Large trips via public transport ;
bicycles and walking
3. Green and Blue Network Planning---extensive green
(vegetation) and blue (water) networks – for quality living /working
environment.
4. Water bodies --linked for circulation – enhancing ecology ,
environment , recreational activities.
5. A wastewater pond -rehabilitated /transformed into a clean/beautiful lake.

38. GREEN
TRANSPORTATION

39. • MAJOR ISSUES:
•Heterogeneous Traffic
•increasing individual vehicle ownership;
•low road capacity;
•poor road geometry;
•large obsolete vehicular population;
• inefficient and inadequate public transportation;
• high environmental pollution;
• low priority for traffic planning; ;
•Low priority to bicycles and pedestrians
• poor traffic management;
• mismatch between vehicle density and road
capacity;
•multiplicity of agencies involved
• absence of unified traffic regulatory authority;
• acute problems of parking;
•high rates of accidents etc.
TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO IN INDIA

40. CONFLICT BETWEEN MAN& MACHINE

41. --Redefining approach to Land-use Planning.
-Redefining shape and size of cities
-Making cities compact
--Reordering prioritization of modes of travel
Planning for People-- not for vehicles
Promoting Accessibility-- Not Mobility
-Making public transport -more equitable,
reliable, affordable, safe, comfortable,
sustainable, energy/operationally efficient, cost-
effective, eco/ users friendly
•Equitable allocation of road space.
•Road Pricing
• Promoting intelligent/smart transportation
•Creating public awareness
•Involving communities/ stakeholders
•Deregistration of Old Vehicles
•Establishing effective regulatory/enforcement
mechanisms
SMART TRANSPORTATION

42. Defining Sustainable Transport
• Sustainable Transport --
• -- sometimes known as Green Transport
• -- form of transport that does not use / rely
on dwindling natural resources.
• -- relies on renewable /regenerated energy
• -- rather than fossil fuels that have a finite life
expectancy

43. •Promoting Bicycle-- as preferred
mode of travel for intra- city travel :
 Most inexpensive
 Most flexible
 Environmental friendly
 Zero pollution
 Minimizing road tragedies
 Zero Energy Vehicle
 Occupying minimum road space
 Requiring minimum Parking
Space
 Promoting National Economy
 Promoting Human Health
 Reducing depletion of Non-
renewable resources
 Best option for travelling over
short distance.
SMART TRANSPORTATION- CYCLING

45. JANMARG AHMEDABAD

47. .
EQUITABLE
ALLOCATION
OF
ROAD SPACE

48. .
SINGAP-
ORE
MODEL
OF
ROAD
PRICING

49. •DESIGNING
GREEN
BUILDINGS

50. BUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF RESOURCES
•Built environment impact environment / consumption of
resources:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal Solid Waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of residents having sick building syndrome
– ( Roodman and Lenssen, 1995)
•70% global warming--outcome of buildings / transportation
•Existing buildings--low concern for energy conservation.
•Considering annual addition of- 700-900msqmts-
•-- energy/ environment implications will be critical.
•Buildings need to be;
•- designed /constructed / operated /maintained
•--with utmost care /considerations for
•-- energy/ sustainability/resources

51. Designing Built Environment
•

52. Defining- Green Buildings

53. Advantages of Green Buildings

54. Daylighting
Local materials
Indian Way of approaching design
• Rediscovery of the Indian ethos
– We worship 5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)
Prithvi (Earth) Sustainable Sites
Jal (Water) Water Efficiency
Agni (Energy) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight
Views
Water body

55. •GREENING
CITIES

56. Global- Tree Count

57. Open Spaces

58. Greening Cities –
Available open space/person in India-2.7 sqm
Number of available trees/ person- Canada- 10,163
Number of available trees-India- very low-- 28 trees/person
- Need for Creating a network of interconnected Green parks/
spaces - 7 Trees / person
-Providing Green Space@ 9 Sqm/ pers
- Compensating all hard surfaces with greens within buildings
roofs/walls
-Greening Roofs/terraces/ Walls
-Preserving all natural areas
-Preserving water channels/ features/ Bio- Diversity
-Protecting existing flora/faun -Creating City Forests
- using derelict areas for greening
- Greening all low lying areas
- Declaring all existing trees as protected tree- Chandigarh
-Using local trees

59. Central Park New York- 700 Acs Vaux and
Olmsted'

60. Hyde Park London- 253 Hectare

61. PERTH- Australia

62. Chandigarh Master Plan- Le Corbusier

63. Singapore, seven 50-story housing towers
connected by 1,600-foot-recreational “sky garden.”
-- high-density development in compact city-state.

65. SMART
TECHNOLOGIES

66. Using Technologies for-
Urban Planning—Preparing/ Making
amendments in Master Plans/ Development
Plans
Managing Transportation-
Efficient Services--Monitoring /managing
delivery of services- water supply
--sensor based garbage bins
--Tackling noise
Promoting Accessibility- making payments on
line
Minimising Pollution--Tackling air pollution
Promoting Efficiency--creating platform for efficiency
--breaking silos-- lodging complaints/
Redressing Grievances--rendering services on line

67. Smart Technologies
• Using smart technologies for ;
• -- smart parking- to help find a parking space / allow for digital payment.
• -- smart traffic management-- to monitor traffic flows / optimise traffic
lights to reduce congestion/ride-sharing services / digital bus stops- bus
schedule -Managing Traffic/parking --Minimizing travel
• Promoting Energy conservation / environmental efficiencies- dimming
streetlights when roads are empty–
• -- improving operations /maintenance / planning to power supplies.
• -- Combat climate change / air pollution
• --waste management / sanitation -- rubbish collection, bins /fleet
management
• -- Promoting safety measures-- monitoring areas of high crime-- using
sensors for early warning for floods, landslides, hurricanes or droughts.
• -- Smart buildings --structural health monitoring -- feedback to
determine when repairs are necessary.
• -- Citizens notifying officials of any problems,-- road potholes—
monitoring infrastructure problem leaks -- water pipes.
• -- improving efficiency of manufacturing, urban farming, energy use,
• -- connect all services to provide combined solutions for citizens.

68. QUALITY
LEADERSHIP
•

69. Jaimy Learner- Mayor Curitiba

70. •QUALITY LEADERSHIP
• Smart cities would require:
• well defined city ownership-ULBs
•Well defined city Leadership- Mayor
•Building a High performance team
•Adopting professional / Management
Approach
•Promoting Training and Development
•Investing in Learning
•Creating Culture of Accountability
•Securing Stakeholders Consensus
•Launching Pilot Programs in cities
•Prioritizing/defining Agenda for City Growth
•Each City to have a starting Point
•Mayors of Curitiba, New York, Washington,
Rio-de Janerio,, Bogota, Toledo ,London----,
created highest degree of urban
Leadership/Governance to make cities Smart

71. CITIES OF
FUTURE
•

72. Future Cities-Conceptual
Ultima Tower- 2Mile High Sky City
•Location: Any densely populated urban
environment
•Date: 1991
•Cost: $150,000,000,000
•Population: 1,000,000 people
•Exterior surface area of building: 150,000,000
sft.
•Enclosed volume: 53,000,000,000 cubic feet
•Total enclosed acreage: 39,000 acres-156
secors
•Elevator speed: 20 feet per second (13 miles
per hour) 9 minutes and 40 seconds to reach
top floor from ground floor.
•Dimensions: Height--10,560 feet;
•Diameter at the base--6000 feet;
•Number of stories--500;
•Total Square Feet: Approximately 5,000,000 sft

73. Mile-High Tower-
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• Location Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• Cost US$28.5 billion
• Height 1 mile (1,600 m; 5,280 ft)
• Floor area3,530,000 m2 (38,000,000 sft)
• Capacity 80,000 people
• The tower will have -275 floors
• Lobby upto 5 th floor
• Offices 6- 50 floors
• Five-star hotel &Conference halls 51-75
floors
• Deluxe residential units 76-195 floors and
• Retail facilities 196-275 floors
• Alternate Energy Generation 196-275 floors
• Status of project

74. Earth Scraper – Mexico City
• Location- Mexico City
• Depth 300 m below ground
• Designed as Inverted Pyramid
• Glass floor to cover 240 mtrs X
240 mtrs. hole in cities main
square to filter natural light
• Preserve cities historic centre
and heritage buildings
surrounding square.
• Interior of building to look
natural.
• Building -- city’s top retail
destination.

75. •
• Three Mantra for Sustainable/Smart
cities --
• 1. Achieve smart growth
• -- finding best options to do things sustainably
• -- promote economic growth for people –
• -- making them earn good livelihood
• -- make them enjoy a good quality of life.
• 2. Do more with less–
• -- cities need money-- to accomplish all wants .
• Cities to collect, manage/spend resources effectively/ efficiently
• 3. Win support for change-
• - City leaders need to;-- deliver fast, positive, /visible results,
• - build support for changes.
• -- Involving high-performing civil servants
• -- making them accountable for their work—Singapore model

76. CREATING Smart/Sustainable CITIES POSES
GREATEST CHALLENGE TO PLANNERS/
PROFESSIONALS

77. SDG 11- Cities/ Human settlements
• Targets-2030-- ensure access for all ts- Targets—
• -- adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums.
• -- to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road
safety, by expanding public transport, with special attention given to the needs of those in
vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities/ older persons.
• enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanisation and capacity for participatory, integrated
and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries.
• to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage.
• -- reduce the number of deaths / people affected / economic losses relative to GDP caused
by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and
people in vulnerable situations.
• -- reduce the adverse environmental impact of cities-- paying special attention to air quality
and municipal and other waste management.
• -- provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in
particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities.
• Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and
rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning.
• -- substantially increase the number of cities /human settlements adopting and implementing
integrated policies and -plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and
adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line
with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk
management at all levels.
• Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance,
in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilising local materials