The document summarizes lighting analyses for two spaces in a primary school building project. For a green classroom (Space A) that receives no natural light, 24 LED pendant lights were determined to be needed to provide 300 lux of illumination across the 107 sqm space. For an experiential classroom (Space B) with windows, the average daylight factor was calculated to be 17.66%, providing sufficient light in most areas. However, 48 LED pendant lights were still needed to ensure 300 lux reaches all corners, especially the northeast side with less daylight penetration. Diagrams show light fixture placement and illumination levels for both spaces.

1. INTERGRATION PROJECT (Primary school)
BLD 61303 Building Science 2
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Building Science 2
Schani Daniel Bharat
0318788
Mr,Azim / Mr.Edwin
Table of Contents Page
1.0 Introduction 2
1.1 Floor Plan 4
2.0 Lighting Analysis 5
2.1 Artificial Lighting Analysis (space A) 6
2.2 PSALI Light Analysis (space B) 10
2.3 Artificial Lighting Analysis (space B) 11

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1.0 Introduction
The objectives of this project is to integrate the lighting analysis and design into the primary school that is
designed at Minden Heights Penang. The site is south easterly orientated where daylight is a critical issue
to be dealt with. The requirements are to bring in and utilize natural lighting as much as possible for the
design of the school and to reduce the usage of artificial lighting. As natural lighting provides a better
lighting conditions and produces more comfortable spatial qualities. However efficient and intelligent
placement of artificial lighting is also another important factor to ensure a suitable and sufficient luminance
in the reading spaces.
Diagram above displays the angle and timings at which the sun penetrates the building throughout the day.

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BLD 61303 Building Science 2
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The building faces the south-east and hence is orientated to utilize the sunlight to only a certain degree.

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1.1 Lighting Analysis
First floor plan
The first space (A) that is selected that will be entirely engulfed in artificial lighting is the
green class room.
The second space(B) that is selected has windows and will not be entirely engulfed
with artificial lighting and is known as the experiential class room

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2.0 Lighting Analysis
ZONE DF (%) DISTRIUTIONS
Very Bright >6 Large( including thermal and glare
problems)
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
The table above shows the daylight factors and distribution (Department of standards Malaysia, 2007)
Luminance Level (LUX) Example
120,000 Brightest Sunlight
110, 000 Bright Sunlight
20,000 Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky,
midday
1000-2000 Typical overcast day, midday
400 Sunrise/ Sunset on clear day (ambient
illumination)
<200 Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday
40 Fully overcast, sunrise/sunset
<1 Extreme of darkest storm cloud, sunrise/
sunset
The table above displays the daylight intensity at different conditions)
The whole idea of the Daylight factor concept is only valid when the sky distribution units
are available or known or can be assessed. In this case study we assume the average
outdoors illuminance in Malaysia is according to the standard which is 20000 Lux, (refer
to the table above)

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2.1 Artificial Lighting Analysis (Space A)

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BLD 61303 Building Science 2
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Type of fixture LED Pendant Light Fixture
Image of fixture
Type of luminous Warm white
Luminous flux (lm) 2800
Power (w) 32W
Colour Temperature (k) 3000
Colour rendering index 80
Average life rate
(hours)
2000
Total floor area 107.41m2
Height of ceiling 2.800m
Type of light fixture LED Pendant Light
Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) 2800
Height of luminaries (m) 2.1
Height of working plane 4.5
Mounting Height 2.6
Standard illumination required according
to MS1525
300 (light sensitive exhibits)
Reflectance factor Ceiling (white plastered ceiling) = 0.5
Wall (white painted wall) = 0.3

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Working plane ( wooded decking) = 0.1
Room index RI (k)
𝑅𝐼 =
𝐿 × 𝑊
𝐻 𝑀 × (𝐿 + 𝑊)
𝑅𝐼 =
107.41
2.6 × (9.9 + 10.6)
= 2.01
Utilization factor 0.55
Maintenance factor 0.9
Number of fittings required, MF
𝑁 =
𝐸 × 𝐴
𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹
𝑁 =
300 × 107.41
2800 × 0.55 × 0.9
= (23)~24
Spacing between fittings 𝑆 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.5 × 2.6 = 4
Analysis
There are 24 lighting fittings to illuminate the 107.41m2
of the Green classroom to achieve
300 lux that is required by MS1525 with the sufficient levels of luminance to provide the
users with an appropriate visual enhancement as the children study, carryout
experiments and other activities within that room.
As shown in the contours analysis artificial light will be distributed evenly throughout the
room to allow equal luminance. During almost every day when the space is in use to
provide the visibility needs. The diagrams in the next page, show the 24 light casements
with white light all connected to one switch panel with allows easy access and allow each
row to be controlled individually.

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BLD 61303 Building Science 2
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Section Diagram and S-max Diagram
1424m
2120m

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2.2 PSALI analysis (space B)
Dimension of room (m) 17.28 x 11.80
Total floor area (m2
) 203.90
Windows area W (m2
)
 window set 1
 windows set 2
 windows set 3
Set 1 = 9.7 x 2.5 = 24.25
Set 2 = 3.83 x 2.5 = 9.57
Set 3 = 5.79 x 2.5 = 14.47
Total = 48.29
Glass transmittance corrected for dirt, T 87o
Total area of the internal Surfaces, A(m2
) 2(17.28 x11.90) + 2(4x17.28) + 2(4x
11.80) – 48.29 = 594.61
Average reflectance of area, R
𝑅 =
0.5 + 0.3 + 0.1
3
= 0.3
Average Daylight Factor, ADF
𝐴𝐷𝐹 =
𝑤
𝐴
×
𝑇∅
(1 − 𝑅)
𝐴𝐷𝐹 =
48.29
203.90
×
0.6 ×87
(1−0.3)
= 17.66%

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BLD 61303 Building Science 2
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2.2 PSALI analysis (Space B)

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2.3 Artificial Lighting analysis (Space B)
Type of fixture LED Pendant Light Fixture
Image of fixture
Type of luminous Warm white
Luminous flux (lm) 2800
Power (w) 32W
Colour Temperature (k) 3000
Colour rendering index 80
Average life rate
(hours)
2000
Total floor area 203.90m2
Height of ceiling 4000m
Type of light fixture LED Pendant Light
Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) 2800
Height of luminaries (m) 4
Height of working plane 0
Mounting Height 4
Standard illumination required according
to MS1525
300 (light sensitive exhibits)
Reflectance factor Ceiling (white plastered ceiling) = 0.5

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Wall (white painted wall) = 0.3
Working plane ( wooded decking) = 0.1
Analysis
There are 24 lighting fittings to illuminate the 203.90m2
of the Experiential classroom to
achieve 300 lux that is required by MS1525 with the sufficient levels of luminance to
provide the users with an appropriate visual enhancement as the children study, carryout
experiments and other activities within that room.
As shown in the contours analysis and Average daylight factor of 17.66%. there is more
than sufficient light enter the room, from windows located at the east and south. However,
the secondary wall, located within the building, only get around 5% of that light, and that’s
when the artificial lighting comes into play, so laminated the darker areas, especially the
north-east side of the room.
Room index RI (k)
𝑅𝐼 =
𝐿 × 𝑊
𝐻 𝑀 × (𝐿 + 𝑊)
𝑅𝐼 =
203.90
4 × (17.28 + 11.80)
= 1.75
Utilization factor 0.50
Maintenance factor 0.9
Number of fittings required, MF
𝑁 =
𝐸 × 𝐴
𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹
𝑁 =
300 × 203.90
2800 × 0.50 × 0.9
= 48
Spacing between fittings 𝑆 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.5 × 4 = 6

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Section Diagram and S-Max Diagram
1914m 1686m