bscience final report

1. BUILDING SCIENCE II
(BLD61303)
PROJECT 2 :
LIGHTING INTEGRATION PROJECT
NAME : SARAH BINTI MOHAMED ESA
STUDENT ID : 0324805
TUTOR : MR EDWIN CHAN

2. CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS
2.1 SPACE “A” DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS
3.0 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS
3.1 SPACE “A” ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS
3.2 SPACE “B” ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS
4.0 CONCLUSION

3. 1.0 INTRODUCTION
The location of the learning centre is at Jalan Stesen 1, a secondary road that
connects Jalan Besar. The site is loacted at the North-West part of Klang. Since
the building is a corner infill, it is more susceptible to receive sunlight on one
side of the building, which means the facade plays an important role to filter the
amount of glare entering the building.
Based on the front elevation of the building, eventhough the height of the
building exceeds the height of its neighbouring shophouses, the chance of
getting direct sunlight is low as it is blocked by the 4 storey high OCBC building
located at Jalan Besar. However, there's a significant difference in terms of height
on the left side of the building where the shophouse is only one storey tall.
Therefore, the left side of the building has higher chance to have galre problems.

4. GROUND FLOOR PLAN
1:200

5. FIRST FLOOR PLAN
1:200

6. SECOND FLOOR PLAN
1:200

7. THIRD FLOOR PLAN
1:200

8. 2.0 DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS
Daylight factor is a ratio that represents the amount of illumination
available indoors relative to the illumination present outdoors at
same time under overcast skies. It is used in architecture to
determine whether the natural lighting in a space is sufficient
for the users to carry out their activities.
Daylight factor is define as per the equation below;
DF = (Ei / Eo) x 100%
where,
DF = Daylight factor
Ei = Internal illuminance
Eo = External illuminance

9. 2.1 SPACE “A” DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS
Figure 2.1 : Floor plan including the selection of space Figure 2.2 : Space floor plan including
dimension
Figure 2.3 : Section showing selected space

10. 2.1 SPACE “A” DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS
The selected space for space “A” is a doube volume wood workshop. Efficient
daylighting is needed in the space in relation to the type of activity carried out.
Average DF calculation;
W/A x TØ/1-R
when
W = Area of the window (㎡)
A = Area of internal surface (㎡)
T = Glass transmittance corrected for dirt
Ø = Visible sky angle in degrees from the centre of window
R = Average reflectance of area
W = 6.3m x 3.7m
= 23.31㎡
A
Floor + Ceiling
= (7.5m x 6.7m) + (3m x 11.2m )
= 50.23㎡+ 33.6㎡
= 83.85㎡ x 2 (incl.ceiling)
= 167.7㎡
Wall
= [(7.5 x 5)2] + (6.7 x 5) + (7.2 x 5) + [(3 x 5)2] + (11.2 x 5) + (2.7 x 5)
= 75 + 33.5 + 36 + 30 + 56 + 13.5
= 244㎡
Total
= 167.7㎡ + 244㎡
= 411.7㎡
T = 0.6 (for double glazed window in clean environment)
Therefore,
DF
= (23.31/411.7) x [(0.6x70')/(1-0.5)]
= 0.06 x 84
= 5.04%
Ø70'
Figure 2.4 : Section of the space
showing the visible sky angle
R = 0.5 (for light coloured room surface)

11. Therefore, according to the MS1525 guidelines, this room having total daylight
factor of 5.04% is considered bright.
Figure 2.5 : Daylighting contour diagram for space “A”
According to the daylighting contour diagram, on a clear sky at 12pm , the space
near the windows on the northern part of the room seems to have glare at one
part of the corner but the rest to be about just right. However, moving towards
the middle part of the room, the room appears to be a bit dark to carry out
workshop activties and darker at the below. Therefore, artificial lighting is much
needed at these spaces to brighten up the room. As for the glare problems, the
building itself is surrounded by shophouses at all sides, the shophouses at the
back of the building are able to provide some shade during the day to minimise
the amount of glare entering the space.

12. 3.0 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS
Lumen method
In lighting design, lumen method is a simplified method to calculate the light
level in a room. The method is a series of calculations that uses horizontal
illuminance criteria to establish a uniform luminaire layout space.
The calculation goes by,
Average Illuminance,
E = (N x n x F x MF x UF)/A
where
N = number of luminaires
n = number of lmaps per luminaire
F = lighting power output per lamp
MF = maintenace factor
UF = utlisation factor of roomon working plane
A = area of working plane
Room index
The room index is the number that describes the ratio of the room length, width
and height.
The formula goes by,
Room Index,
RI = (L x W)/4(L + W)
where
L = length of room
W = width of room
H= height of luminaire above workplace

13. 3.1 SPACE “A” ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS
For space A, fluroscent light fixtures are being used
Type of fixture Suspended workplace
luminaire
Product model Lithonia Lighting 1284GRD
Fixation Pull chain light fixture
Light distribution Direct and Indirect
Product dimension (mm) 1200
Type of bulb Linear fluorescent lamp
Voltage 120V
Wattage 32W
Luminous flux 2300Im
Colour temperature 5000K
Colour rendering index (CRI) >60

14. Room Index calculation;
Room dimension Total length = 13.9m
Total width = 10.5m
Total floor area for space “A” (7.5m x 6.7m) + (3m x 11.2m)
= 50.25㎡ + 33.6㎡
= 83.85㎡
Height of ceiling 5m
Type of lighting fixture Suspended fluorescent lights
Luminous flux of lighting 2300Im
Height of luminaires 3.5m
Height of working plane 0.8m
Mounting height 3.5m - 0.8m
= 2.7m
Standard illumination required, E 300lux (for general workshop place)
Room index, RI
(13.9 x 10.5)/4(13.9 + 10.5)
= 1.5

15. Lumen method calculation;
Lux required, IES Standard Illumination, E 300lux
Area at working plane, A (7.5m x 6.7m) + (3m x 11.2m)
= 50.25㎡ + 33.6㎡
= 83.85㎡
Luminous flux of lighting, F 2300 Im
Utilisation factor, UF Ceiling = 0.7 (light material)
Wall = 0.5 (light material)
Floor = 0.2 (grey concrete)
RI = 1.5
From UF chart, UF = 0.46
Maintenance factor, MF 0.8 (standard)
Number of fittings required, N (E x A)/(F x UF x MF)
= (300 x 83.85)/(2300 x 0.46 x 0.8)
= 29.72
= 30 lights
*one fitting has 2 lamps, therefore
30/2
= 15 lights
Max. fitting layout 1.0m x 2.7m
= 3m

16. Figure 3.1 : Proposed lighting for space “A” // Reflected ceiling plan n.t.s
Figure 3.1.1 : PSALI integration for space “A” // Reflected ceiling plan n.t.s
two-gang switch
one-gang switch
fluroscent light fixture

17. Figure 3.1.2 : Daylighting contour diagram for space “A” before implementing artificial lighting
Figure 3.1.3 : Daylighting contour diagram for space “A” after implementing artificial lighting

18. Analysis and conclusion
A total of 24 lighting fixtures are placed in the open plan work area to achieve
the minimum of 300 lux standard illuminance. The lights are seperated into two
switches; one with one gang-swicth and another with two-grang switch.
During the day, the two-gang switch allows the user to turn the lights on at the
darker part of the room while remaining the lights off at the area where the
amount of daylight is just about right.
Figure 3.1.4 : Artificial lighting being used
during the day
Figure 3.1.4 : Artificial lighting being used
during at night

19. 3.2 SPACE “B” ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS
Figure 3.2 : Floor plan including the selection of space Figure 3.2.1 : Space floor plan including
dimension
Figure 3.2 : Section showing selected space

20. For space B, LED light fixtures are being used
Type of fixture Flush mount LED
Product model SATCO S9337
Fixation Surface mount fixture
Light distribution Direct and Indirect
Product dimension, diameter
(mm)
216
Type of bulb LED
Voltage 120V
Wattage 18.5W
Luminous flux 1150Im
Colour temperature 2700K
Colour rendering index (CRI) >80

21. Room Index calculation;
Room dimension Total length = 6m
Total width = 5.7m
Total floor area for space “B” 6m x 5.7m
= 34.2㎡
Height of ceiling 3.5m
Type of lighting fixture Flush mount LED
Luminous flux of lighting 1150Im
Height of luminaires 3.5m
Height of working plane 0.8m
Mounting height 3.5m - 0.8m
= 2.7m
Standard illumination required, E 300lux (for general workshop place)
Room index, RI
(6 x 5.7)/2.7(6+5.7)
= 1.08

22. Lumen method calculation;
Lux required, IES Standard Illumination, E 300lux
Area at working plane, “B” 6m x 5.7m
= 34.2㎡
Luminous flux of lighting, F 1150 Im
Utilisation factor, UF Ceiling = 0.7 (light material)
Wall = 0.5 (light material)
Floor = 0.2 (grey concrete)
RI = 1.07
From UF chart, UF = 0.47
Maintenance factor, MF 0.8 (standard)
Number of fittings required, N (E x A)/(F x UF x MF)
= (300 x 34.2)/(1150 x 0.47 x 0.8)
= 24.2
= 24 lights
Max. fitting layout 1.0m x 2.7m
= 3m

23. Figure 3.2.2 : Proposed lighting for space “A” // Reflected ceiling plan n.t.s
Figure 3.2.3 : PSALI integration for space “A” // Reflected ceiling plan n.t.s
two-gang switch
LED light fixture

24. Figure 3.2.4 : Daylighting contour diagram for space “B” before implementing artificial lighting
Figure 3.2.5 : Daylighting contour diagram for space “B” after implementing artificial lighting

25. Analysis and conclusion
A total of 24 lighting fixtures are placed in the open plan work area to achieve
the minimum of 300 lux standard illuminance. The lights are connected to a
two-gang switch which allows the user to control the lights throughout the day.
During the day, the user is able to turn the lights on at the darker part of the
room while remaining the lights off at the area where the amount of daylight is
just about right.
Figure 3.2.6 : Artificial lighting being used during the day
Figure 3.1.7 : Artificial lighting being used during at night

26. 4.0 CONCLUSION
The lighting analysis that has been conducted throughout this assignment has
allow me to put my design to the test, to see whether my design is workable or
not. Besides that, I was also able to take note of the flaws in my design and to
further improve it in terms of the suitability of each of the working spaces and
its activities in relation to the amount of daylight needed in that particular space.
Besides that, by analysing the daylighting contour diagram, I am able to take
note of which area that needs artificial lighting to be implemented and to come
out with design strategies in terms of facade to control the glare problem at the
brighter area.
Aside from that, the use of PSALI concept within the interior spaces have aided
me to achieve the standard room illuminance based on the type of activities
carried out in the room.
Overall, I feel that lighting analysis is one of the key essentials to look at upon
designing a building as it may help in terms of coming out with design strategies.
The use of carrying out lighting analysis can also allow us to think about the
implementation of green design strategies in our building as to what the modern
architecture are moving towards to.