This document contains a lighting analysis report for a community library design project located on Petaling Street in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It includes daylight factor calculations for the cafe and gallery spaces, as well as artificial lighting calculations for the computer lab, individual study pods, and main library book collection area. The report evaluates the lighting levels based on Malaysian standards and recommends design changes such as increasing the number or lumen output of lighting fixtures to meet the recommended illuminance levels for different space types.

1. BUILDING SCIENCE 2
PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION PROJECT
[BLD 61303 / ARC 3413]
TUTOR: MR. RIZAL
NAME: YVONNE CHIN YUN MIIN
STUDENT ID: 0315662

2. 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. ABSTRACT 02
2. FLOOR PLANS 03
3. LIGHTING 08
3.1 DAYLIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS 08
3.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS 15
3.3 PERMANENT SUPPLEMENTARY ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
INTERIORS (PSALI) 23

3. 2
1. ABSTRACT
Building Science Project 2 is a project integrated with our respective Architectural Studio 5
final design. The module of this project is for the us to understand the principles of the contextual
lighting design in our final Studio 5 design. Throughout this project, we will learn to encompass on
the artificial and daylighting system, likewise, implementing the PSALI design strategies to utilize
the daylight as far as practicable and using artificial lighting to supplement the daylight in the
interior spaces. Building simulations will be tested using any Building Information Modelling (BIM)
software like Autodesk Revit, Ecotect (unfortunately discontinued), Vasari, Velux and other
alternative software.
For the end result, this report will be compiled to show our understanding of the lighting
designs in each category for our final design and having the critical thinking skills to solve
sustainability design issues on natural lighting and site analysis using the BIM simulation. This
practice and research activity will help to incorporate artificial and daylighting designs into our
future sustainable building designs.
The design proposal is located at the famous Petaling Street, seemingly packed with variety
of stalls and cultural items, where people and the community normally appear at this area to
experience the diversity of the heritage essences. We are to design a community library as an
urban infill in a few of the chosen shophouses along the street. Hence, references are made based
on Malaysian building design codes and standards, especially the Malaysian Standards (MS
1525), for daylight factors and illuminance level for required spaces.

4. 3
2. FLOOR PLANS

5. 4

6. 5

7. 6

8. 7

9. 8
3. LIGHTING
3.1 DAYLIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS
Daylight factor is normally used under overcast sky conditions and most commonly uses
metric units when studying physical models to test daylighting designs in simulations. Daylight factor
outputs are used in making comparisons relatively of daylight penetration into the building under
overcast sky conditions and it is less useful in climates with a too much direct sunlight.
𝐷𝐹 =
𝐸𝑖 (𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
𝐸𝑜 (𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
×100%
Where,
Ei: Illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoors working plane
Eo: Simultaneous outdoor illuminance on a horizontal plane from an unobstructed hemisphere of
overcast sky.
*Average daylight level in Malaysia (EH) is assumed to be 32000lux.
Zone DF% Distribution
Very Bright >6 Large (including thermal and glare problem)
Bright 3 – 6 Good
Average 1 – 3 Fair
Dark 0 – 1 Poor
Table 1. Daylight factors and distribution
(Department of standards Malaysia, 2007. Source: Mr. Siva’s lecture note)

10. 9
3.1.1 Café
The café was chosen as the daylight factor analysis because it is located at the ground floor with
and outdoor café space as the purpose to put the café at the back alley Lorong Petaling is to create a
placemaking activity that could help activate the back alley and change the community’s perspective
views of the dangerous back alley into a place where they could enjoy and hang out. The height of the
café is 3.06 meters and it consists of a brick cladding façade with two glass windows.

11. 10
Café lighting contour during 9.00am
Daylighting Factor Calculation
Floor Area / m2
9.354 x 5.796 = 54.22
Area of facade exposed to sunlight / m2
12.61 x 3.06 = 38.59
Area of skylight / m2
0
Exposed Facade & Skylight Area to Floor
Area Ratio / Daylight Factor, DF
38.59+0
54.22
x 100%
= 71.17% x 0.1
= 7.11

12. 11
Natural Illumination Calculation
Illuminance Example
120,000 lux Very Bright Sunlight
110,000 lux Bright Sunlight
20,000 lux Clear Sky
1000 – 2000 lux Overcast Day
400 lux Sunrise / Sunset on Clear Day
< 200 lux Midday
40 lux Fully Overcast
< 1 lux Sunset, Storm Cloud
Using the Daylight Factor formula, illuminance of the café can be calculated.
Given Eo = 20000 lux (Clear Sky)
DF =
𝐸𝑖 ( 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
𝐸𝑜(𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
𝑥 100%
7.71 =
𝐸𝑖 (𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
20000
𝑥 100%
Ei = 1422 lux

13. 12
3.1.2 Gallery
The gallery located at the front façade is to attract the artist community of Petaling Street to
explore the library with its artwork and having various art workshops help there as well. The gallery has
a comparatively higher indoor illuminance than the café. This helps the gallery to perform natural lighting
on the artworks without using too much artificial lighting in creating poetic scenes.

14. 13
Gallery lighting contour during 9.00am
Daylighting Factor Calculation
Floor Area / m2
9.19 x 5.94 = 54.59
Area of facade exposed to sunlight / m2
29.59 x 3.06 = 90.55
Area of skylight / m2
0
Exposed Facade & Skylight Area to Floor
Area Ratio / Daylight Factor, DF
90.55+0
54.59
x 100%
= 165.9% x 0.1
= 16.6

15. 14
Natural Illumination Calculation
Illuminance Example
120,000 lux Very Bright Sunlight
110,000 lux Bright Sunlight
20,000 lux Clear Sky
1000 – 2000 lux Overcast Day
400 lux Sunrise / Sunset on Clear Day
< 200 lux Midday
40 lux Fully Overcast
< 1 lux Sunset, Storm Cloud
Using the Daylight Factor formula, illuminance of the café can be calculated.
Given Eo = 20000 lux (Clear Sky)
DF =
𝐸𝑖 ( 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
𝐸𝑜(𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
𝑥 100%
16.6 =
𝐸𝑖 (𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
20000
𝑥 100%
Ei = 3320 lux

16. 15
3.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS
3.2.1 Computer Lab
The height of the computer lab is 3.06 meters. This room is not directed with any natural lighting hence
artificial lighting is used to supply the internal illuminance for the users with suitable working space.

17. 16
Type of lighting fixture used
Image Type of Lighting LED Downlight
Lamp Luminous Flux
(lm)
1090
Specification LED 80% Energy Saver
Rated Colour
Temperature
6500K
Colour Rendering Index 100
Luminaire Type Built in LED Downlight
Wattage 14.4W
Placement Indoor lighting
Source: My part in Project 1 Fixtures in Ruang Shah Alam
Lumen Method Calculation
Dimension of Space / L × W (m) 6.5× 6.086
Total Floor Area / A (m2
) 40
Types of Lighting Fixtures Super Power LED Spot Light
Number of Lighting Fixtures / N 9
Lumen of Lighting Fixtures / F (lm) 1090
Height of Luminaire (m) 3.06
Height of Work Level (m) 0.8
Mounting Height / Hm (m) 2.26
Reflection Factors  Ceiling: White finished concrete (0.45)
 Wall: Brick Wall (0.25), Wooden Laminated
Sheets (0.25), Grey Concrete Wall (0.20)
*Wall average = 0.23
 Flooring: Carpet Flooring (0.20), Wooden
Laminated Flooring (0.30)
*Flooring average = 0.25

18. 17
Room Index, RI / K
𝑅𝐼 =
𝐿 × 𝑊
𝐻𝑚 ×(𝐿 + 𝑊)
RI =
6.5 × 6.086
2.26×(6.5+6.086)
=1.39
Utilization Factor / UF
(Referred Table)
0.4
Maintenance Factor / MF 0.8
Standard Illuminance (Lux) Working interiors: 300 (MS 1525)
Illuminance Level / E (Lux)
𝐸 =
𝑁×(𝐹×𝑈𝐹×𝑀𝐹)
𝐴
E=
9×(1090×0.4×0.8)
40
78.48
Total Illuminance / E (Lux) 78.48
Discussion:
The total illuminance in the computer room is 66.71 lux. According to the recommended
illuminance by the MS 1525, a working interior room should be 300 lux. The computer lab does not meet
the recommended standard illuminance.
The computer lab is suggested have a minimum of 5000 lux with the number of the lighting fixtures
in order to meet the required illuminance for the space, lighting up the space for users in the computer
lab and not strain their eyes from the computer.

19. 18
Calculation below determined the number of additional lighting fixtures’ lumen needed:
LED Downlight
𝐸 =
9×(4200×0.4×0.8)
40
= 302.4 𝑙𝑢𝑥
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐸 (𝑙𝑢𝑥) = 302.4
The above calculations showed that increasing the lumen power to 4200 lux is able to reach the
recommended standard illuminance for an interior working space, with a slight exceeding illuminance
level of 2.4 lux. This will help illuminate the space better, giving the users in the space a better lighting
experience.

20. 19
3.2.2 Individual Study Pod
The study pod with the largest area of 17 m2
is chosen to calculate the number of artificial light
needed for a study area of a small compact individual space. This space is also having the height of 3.06
meters.

21. 20
Types of lighting fixture used
Image Type of Lighting Panasonic Compact
Bulb
Lamp Luminous Flux
(lm)
1200
Specification Compact Energy Saving
Bulb; Soft Warm
Rated Colour
Temperature
6700K
Colour Rendering Index 84
Luminaire Type Changeable compact bulb
Wattage 18W
Placement Interior Lighting
Source: Panasonic
Lumen Method Calculation
Dimension of Space / L × W (m) 5.83 × 2.96
Total Floor Area / A (m2
) 17.25
Types of Lighting Fixtures Panasonic Compact Bulb
Number of Lighting Fixtures / N 5
Lumen of Lighting Fixtures / F
(lm)
1200
Height of Luminaire (m) 3.06
Height of Work Level (m) 0.8
Mounting Height / Hm (m) 2.26

22. 21
Reflection Factors  Ceiling: White finished concrete (0.45)
 Wall: Brick Wall (0.25), Wooden Laminated
Sheets (0.25), Grey Concrete Wall (0.20)
*Wall average = 0.23
 Flooring: Carpet Flooring (0.20), Wooden
Laminated Flooring (0.30)
*Flooring average = 0.25
Room Index, RI / K
𝑅𝐼 =
𝐿 × 𝑊
𝐻𝑚 ×(𝐿 + 𝑊)
RI =
5.83 × 2.96
2.26 ×(5.83+2.96)
= 0.69
Utilization Factor / UF
(Referred Table)
0.2
Maintenance Factor / MF 0.8
Standard Illuminance (Lux) Multipurpose: 300 (Panduan Teknik JKR)
Illuminance Level / E (Lux)
𝐸 =
𝑁×(𝐹×𝑈𝐹×𝑀𝐹)
𝐴
E=
5×(1200×0.2×0.8)
17.25
55.65
Total Illuminance / E (Lux) 55.65

23. 22
Discussion:
The total illuminance of the study pod is 55.65 lux, which according to the recommended
illuminance by the MS1525, the study pod should be 300 lux. This zone is very badly lit and should
increase the lux value by 6 times.
Calculation below determined the number of additional lighting fixtures’ lumen needed:
Panasonic Compact Bulb
Assuming the lumen value of the bulb is 6500 lux.
𝐸 =
5×(6500×0.2×0.8)
17.25
= 301.45 𝑙𝑢𝑥
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐸 (𝑙𝑢𝑥) = 301.45 𝑙𝑢𝑥
The above calculations showed that increasing the lumen power to 6500 lux is able to reach the
recommended standard illuminance for an interior study room, with a slight exceeding illuminance level
of 1.45 lux. This will help strongly help illuminate the space brighter while the users are using the study
pod for their studies not cause any discomfort to their eyes.

24. 23
3.3 PERMANENT SUPPLEMENTARY ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING INTERIORS (PSALI)
3.3.1 Library Book Collection Area
The library’s book collection area is the main area that is provided for the users and the area
with the height of 3.06 meters should be well illuminated due to its large space as well. Focusing on the
book collection area will be provided with daylighting as well.

25. 24
Types of lighting fixture
Image Type of Lighting Super Power LED Spot
Light
Lamp Luminous Flux
(lm)
5000
Specification E27 80% Energy Saving
Rated Colour
Temperature
3000K
Colour Rendering Index 98
Luminaire Type Built in LED Spotlight
Wattage 50W
Placement 5 rows along the book
collection area
Lumen Method Calculation
Dimension of Space / L × W (m) 34.5 × 16.9
Total Floor Area / A (m2
) 583.05
Types of Lighting Fixtures Panasonic Compact Bulb
Number of Lighting Fixtures / N N
Lumen of Lighting Fixtures / F
(lm)
5000
Height of Luminaire (m) 3.06
Height of Work Level (m) 0.2
Mounting Height / Hm (m) 2.86
Reflection Factors  Ceiling: White finished concrete (0.45)
 Wall: Brick Wall (0.25), Wooden Laminated
Sheets (0.25), Grey Concrete Wall (0.20)
*Wall average = 0.23

26. 25
 Flooring: Carpet Flooring (0.20), Wooden
Laminated Flooring (0.30)
*Flooring average = 0.25
Room Index, RI / K
𝑅𝐼 =
𝐿 × 𝑊
𝐻𝑚 ×(𝐿 + 𝑊)
RI =
583.05
2.86 ×(34.5+16.9)
= 4.0
Utilization Factor / UF
(Referred Table)
0.48
Maintenance Factor / MF 0.8
Standard Illuminance (Lux) Library: 300 lux (MS1525)
Illuminance Level / E (Lux)
𝑁 =
𝐸×𝐴
(𝐹×𝑈𝐹×𝑀𝐹)
𝑁 =
300×583.05
(5000×0.48×0.8)
91
Spacing to Height Ratio
(SHR)
SHR =
1
𝐻𝑚
𝑥 √
𝐴
𝑁
=
1
2.86
𝑥 √
583.05
91
= 0.88
SHR =
𝑆
2.86
0.88 =
𝑆
2.86
S = 2.52m
Fitting Layout by
Approximately (m)
Fittings required along 34.5m wall =
34.5
2.52
= 4.52
= 14 rows

27. 26
Number of lamps in each row =
91
14
= 7 lamps
Spacing along 16.9m wall =
16.9
7
= 2.41m

28. 27
Fixture Fitting Layout in Library