This document provides lighting and acoustic proposals for a community library design project. It includes: 1. Daylight factor calculations for outdoor reading areas and a courtyard showing they will have thermal glare issues without shading. 2. Artificial lighting calculations for an office and meeting room showing the number and placement of light fixtures needed to meet illumination standards. 3. A proposal to use compact fluorescent lights in a newsagent due to low daylight levels. 4. Sound pressure level calculations showing external traffic noise reaching 70dB for a newsagent and teen area, exceeding standards. Laminated glass and green walls are proposed to reduce noise transmission.

1. BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [ARC 3413]
Integration with Design Studio 5 [Community Library]
Name : How Pei Ngoh
Student ID : 0316929
Tutor : Mr.Sivaraman Kuppusamy

2. Content
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Orthographic drawings of library
3.0 Lighting proposal
3.1 Daylight factor
3.1.1 Outdoor reading area
3.1.2 Courtyard
3.2 Artificial lighting
3.2.1 Office
3.2.2 Meeting room
3.3 Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting Interiors (PSALI)
3.3.1 Newsagent
4.0 Acoustic proposal
4.1External Noise Sound Pressure level
4.1.1 Newsagent
4.1.2 Teen’s library
4.2 Reverberation time – Office
4.3 Transmission loss - Office
4.4 Reverberatioin time – Meeting room
4.5 Transmission loss – Meeting room
5.0 References

3. 1.0 Introduction
This integration project is aim to integrate the understanding of student about the
principle of lighting and acoustics in the context their final design project of studio 5. It
involved the strategies of advanced daylighting systems and the integration of electrical
lighting, also the strategies for noise management and room acoustics by referring to
the r
The final project of studio 5 is a community library, where the site is at Brickfield, Kuala
Lumpur. The site is an urban infill scape, on the right of the site is an 8 storey high of
building and left is a row of 4 storey shoplots In front of the library is a 26 storey office
tower which blocked most of the sunlight and the back alley of the library is a morning
market which caused noise during the morning time. In order to provide a comfort and
relevant library for the user, the site’s issue has to be concern by resolving with the use
of material and strategies.

4. 2.0 Orthographic drawings
Ground floor plan
First floor plan

5. Second floor plan
Third floor plan

7. 3.0 The Lighting proposal
3.1Daylight Factor
Zone DF (%) Distribution
Very bright >6 Very large with thermal
glare problems
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
Table 1 : Daylight factors and distribution
Note : Figure are average daylight factors for windows without glazing
DF = (Ei /Eo) x 100%
Where,
Ei = Internal illumination
Eo = External illumination

8. 3.1.1 Outdoor reading area
Figure 1 outdoor reading area plan
Outdoor reading area (Figure 1) is located on the first floor, facing Jalan Sultan Abdul
Samad, the main road traffic. It is exposed to daylight in order to get sufficient sunlight
for the green wall and create a harmony space for reading.
Figure 2 light contour retrieved from Dialux evo 5
Floor Area 64m2
Opening/Skylight area ( m2
) 72 m2
Daylight Factor (DF) (72/64)x100%
=112.5% x 0.1
=11.25%
The daylight factor of the outdoor reading area is 11.25% which is considered to have
extreme thermal glare problems. Blind or outrigger shading system should be applied to
the opening to cut down the glare issues
Natural illumination Calculation:
Given Eo : 32000 lux
DF = (Ei / Eo) x 100%
11.25%= (Ei/32000)
Ei=11.25x32000=360000lux

9. 3.1.2Courtyard
Figure 3 plan of Courtyard at ground floor
Courtyard is located on the ground floor. The whole area under a big atrium and
exposed to the sunlight, to provide sufficient sunlight to the green wall and trees at the
area..
Floor Area 187m2
Opening/Skylight area ( m2
) 145 m2
Daylight Factor (DF) (145/187)x100%
=77.54% x 0.1
=7.75%
The daylight factor of the outdoor reading area is 7.75% which is considered to have
high thermal glare problems. More trees should be planted or apply shading device such
as loaves or canopy to cut down the glare issues
Natural illumination Calculation:
Given Eo : 32000 lux
DF = (Ei / Eo) x 100%
7.75%= (Ei/32000)
Ei=7.75x32000=248000 lux

10. 3.2 Artificial lighting
3.2.1 Office
Figure 4 plan of office at third floor
According to Ms 1525, the standard illumination for an office (Figure 4) is 300-400
Product details :
Product name : suspended dual LED light
tube (Zeta LED tube)
Size 600mm x 26mm
Colour Temperature 4500 K
Bulb colour Cool White
Lumens (initial) 1300 in each tube
Voltage AC 220V / AC 110V
Material Aluminium body, PC shell
Type of lighting Ambient
Life hours 50000

11. Note : 14 bulbs are needed to meet the required standard lux value of an office area
based on MS 1525
Location Office
Dimensions (m) Length, L = 3.9
Width, W = 6.7
Total floor area (m2
) 26.13 m2
Standard required Illuminance (lux)
( referring MS1525 and IES standards)
300-400
Ceiling height (m) 3.75
Height of luminaires (m) 3.25
Height of work level (m) 0.8
Mounting height/H (hm) 2.45
Reflection factor Plaster Ceiling : 50
Concrete Wall : 30
Concrete Floor : 30
Room Index / ( RI ) K
26.13/(3.9+6.7)(2.45)=1
Utilization factor, UF 0.36
Maintenance factor, MF 0.8
Number of fittings required , N N = ( 400 x 26.13 ) / (2600 x 0.36 x 0.8 )
= 10452 / 748.8
= 13.95
= 14 bulbs

12. Assuming spacing to height ratio (SHR) is 1:1,Hm=2.45m, so the spacing should be
exceeding 2.45
Thus, width/W=6.7m divided by spacing 2.45m,
6.7/2.45=2.73( take it as 3 rows of light)
Then since the number of light bulbs needed is 14, so 14/3=4.66. in order to have
sufficient light to illuminate the whole area one more light bulb will be added to balance
it, so the total light bulb needed is 15 and 5bulb each rows.
Figure 6 Light contour of office retrieved from DIALux evo 5.1 when the artificial system is on
Figure 5 Reflected ceiling plan of office

13. 3.2.2 Meeting Room
Figure 7 Plan of meeting room at second floor
According to MS 1525. The standard illumination for a meeting room is 300
Type of Luminaire:
Product name : GE spiral Compact
Fluorescent (CFLs) 13 Watt
Colour Temperature 2600k
Bulb colour Warm white
Lumens (initial) 825
Voltage 150
Incandescent equal 60W
Type of lighting Ambient
Life hours 8000
Colour Temperature 2600k

14. Note : 12 bulbs are needed to meet the required standard lux value of an office area
based on MS 1525
Location Meeting room
Dimensions (m) Length, L = 3m
Width, W = 4m
Total floor area (m2
) 12 m2
Standard required Illuminance (lux)
( referring MS1525 and IES standards)
300
Ceiling height (m) 3.75
Height of luminaires (m) 3.25
Height of work level (m) 0.8
Mounting height/H (hm) 2.45
Reflection factor Plaster Ceiling : 50
Concrete Wall : 30
Concrete Floor : 30
Room Index / ( RI ) K
12/(4+3)(2.45)=0.7
Utilization factor, UF 0.36
Maintenance factor, MF 0.8
Number of fittings required , N N = ( 300 x 12 ) / (825 x 0.36 x 0.8 )
= 3600 / 297.8
= 12 bulbs

15. Assuming spacing to height ratio (SHR) is 1:1,Hm=2.45m, so the spacing should not be
exceeding 2.45
Thus, width/W=4m divided by spacing 2.45m,
4/2.45=1.63( take it as 2 rows of light)
Then since the number of light bulbs needed is 12, so 12/2=6 bulbs each row
Figure 9 Light Contour produced by Dialux evo 5 when the light system is switched on
Figure 8 Reflected ceiling plan of meeting room

16. 3.3 Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting Interiors (PSALI)
3.3.1 Newsagent
Figure 10 the plan of Newsagent at ground floor
Floor area ( m2
) 80m2
Opening + Skylight area ( m2
) 29.6 m2
*the original area for opening +skylight area is
59.2,but the location of newsagent is located
after 5 foot way which is 3m,so the area is
assumed to be reduced to 29.6 m2
Daylight factor, DF ( 29.6/80 ) x 100%
= 37% x 0.1
= 3.7%
The daylight factor of newsagent is 3.7% which is considered as good according to the
MS 1525 requirement. However, the lux level of skylight is assumed just enough to
illuminate the interior of the newsagent during the daytime until 3, because the site is
shaded by tall building. And also it facing east south, so after 1pm the sun is actually
slowly rotate and leaving to the back of building. In order to have sufficient
illumination to illuminate the interior of newsagent,
Spiral compact fluorescent is suggested to apply at the newsagent
As for the illuminance level, given the Eo = 20000 in Malaysia,
EEi = ( DF x Eo ) / 100%
= 3.7 x 20000 / 100%
= 740 lux

17. According to the table above, the recommended illumination level for a general shop
(Newsagent) should be kept at 200-750 and the result of calculation is maintained
within the number. So I propose spiral compact fluorescent to be installed at the
newsagent to create the nice ambience and have sufficient luminaire during the cloudy
and rainy day.
Figure 11 light contour of newsagent at 9am
Figure 12light contour of newsagent at 6pm

18. 4.0 Acoustic Proposal
4.1 External Noise Sound Pressure level
4.1.1 Newsagent
Figure 13 plan of Newsagent
lᵢ= traffic noise = 70dB
Intensity: 70 = 10 log (Iᵢ/Io)
Log (Iᵢ/1x10-12) = 7.0
lᵢ ⁵
Activity noise
Iᵢ= activity noise = 30db
Intensity: 30 = 10 log (lᵢ/io)
Log(Iᵢ/1x10-12)= 3
lᵢ ⁹
otal intensity l ⁵ ⁹
⁵
log ⁵ ᴵ²)
= 70dB
The external noise travel through the newsagent that generated from the vehicles and
street activity is 70dB. The combined SPL of 70 dB has exceeded the sound level
requirement of a retail shop, which is 40 dB. In order to resolve this issue, the façade is
proposed to have curtain wall with laminated glass and feature with green wall before
the curtain wall. Laminated glass is good in reflecting the noise that is reduced when
sound passes through the window. Also, the leaves on green wall attenuate sound by
reflecting, refracting and absorbing sound, that the combination of curtain wall and
green wall could have a good sound control.

19. 4.1.2 Teen’s library
Figure 14 Plan of Teen's Library at first floor
lᵢ= traffic noise = 70dB
Intensity: 70 = 10 log (Iᵢ/Io)
Log (Iᵢ/1x10-12) = 7.0
lᵢ ⁵
Activity noise
Iᵢ= activity noise = 30db
Intensity: 30 = 10 log (lᵢ/io)
Log(Iᵢ/1x10-12)= 3
lᵢ ⁹
otal intensity l ⁵ + 1x 10 ⁹
⁵
log ⁵/ 1x 10 ᴵ²)
= 70dB
The external noise travel through the teenager’s library that generated from the
vehicles and street activity is 70dB. The combined SPL of 70 dB has exceeded the sound
level requirement of a library, which is 35 dB. In order to resolve this issue, the façade is
proposed to have curtain wall with laminated glass and feature with green wall before
the curtain wall. Laminated glass is good in reflecting the noise that is reduced when
sound passes through the window. Also, the leaves on green wall attenuate sound by
reflecting, refracting and absorbing sound, that the combination of curtain wall and
green wall could have a good sound control.

20. 4.2 Reverberation time - office
Room height : 4m
Standard reverberation time for office = 0.8 – 1.2s
Peak hour capacity = 10
Volume of office = (3.9x6.7x4)m
=104.52m3
Material Function Area
/m²
Absorption Coefficient
at 2000 Hz (S)
Sound
Absorption (SA)
Plastered
Cement
Ceiling 26.13 0.04 1.045
Concrete Wall 84.8 0.09 7.632
Concrete Column 60.75 0.01 0.608
Glass Door 1.6 0.07 0.112
Window 1.8 0.07 0.126
Timber Table 6.24 0.1 0.624
Fabric Chair 0.9 0.7 0.630
Concrete
Cement
Finishes
Floor 21.45 0.02 0.429
People 5 0.46 2.3
Total sound absorption by material 13.506
RT=(0.16xV)/A
A where V volume of space , A otal Absorption ₁A₁ ₂A₂ ₃A₃ … nAn
Reverberation time ( Peak Hour)
RT= (0.16xv)/A
= (0.16x104.52)/13.506 = 1.2s
According to acoustic Standard ANSI(2008), the optimum reverberation time of the
office room during peak hour is 0.8-1.2s, so reverberation time calculated is meet the
requirement.

21. 4.3 Transmission loss-office
Human conversation
lᵢ= human conversation = 65dB
Intensity: 65 = 10 log(lᵢ/io)
Log(lᵢ ᴵ²)= 6.5
lᵢ ⁶
Total intensity= 4.5x10 12
⁶
= 3.6x10-6
SPL = 10 log (3.6 ⁶ ᴵ²)
= 65dB
Tav = (6.27x10-3
/88.2) = 7.11x10-5
SRI overall = 10 log (1/Tav)
= 10 log(1/7.11x10-5
)
=41.48dB
The noise of philosophy and religion collection area (65db) during peak hour, is reduced
41.48db during transmission, resulting a sound level of 23.52db when it reaches the
interior of office. In conclusion, the calculation’s result has proved that the acoustic
performance strategies and the material proposed are appropriate
Activity noise
Iᵢ= activity noise = 45dB
Intensity: 30 = 10 log (lᵢ/io)
Log(Iᵢ ᴵ²)= 3
lᵢ = 4.5x10 2

22. 4.4 Reverberation time – meeting room
Room height 4m
Standard reverberation time for meeting room = 0.8 – 1.2s
Peak hour capacity = 10
Volume of office = (4x3x4)m
=48m3
Material Function Area
/m²
Absorption Coefficient
at 2000 Hz (S)
Sound
Absorption (SA)
Plastered
Cement
Ceiling 12 0.04 0.48
Concrete Wall 52 0.09 4.68
Concrete Column 60.75 0.01 0.61
Glass Door 1.6 0.07 0.11
Timber Table 2.2 0.1 0.22
Fabric Chair 0.96 0.7 0.67
Concrete
Cement
Finishes
Floor 12 0.02 0.24
People 6 0.46 2.76
Total sound absorption by material 9.77
RT=(0.16xV)/A
A where V= volume of space, A otal Absorption ₁A₁ ₂A₂ ₃A₃ … nAn
Reverberation time (Peak Hour)
RT= (0.16xv)/A
= (0.16x48)/9.77
=0.8s
The reverberation time for the meeting room during peak hour is 0.8s. According to
Acoustic Standard ANSI (2008), the optimum reverberation time for a meeting room is
0.8-1.2s, hence it can be concluded that the meeting room has meet the requirement.

23. 4.5 Transmission loss – meeting room
Human conversation
lᵢ= human conversation = 65dB
Intensity: 65 = 10 log(lᵢ/io)
Log(lᵢ ᴵ²)= 6.5
lᵢ ⁶
otal intensity ⁹ ⁶
⁶
log ⁶/1x ᴵ²)
= 65dB
Tav = (1.43x10-2
/53.6) = 2.67x10-4
SRI overall = 10 log (1/Tav)
= 10 log(1/2.67x10-4
)
=35.85dB
The meeting room is located in between of two meeting rooms and before meeting
room is an adult library. The noise produced from the rooms (65db) during peak hour, is
reduced 35.85db during transmission, resulting a sound level of 29.15db when it
reaches the interior of meeting room. 29.15 is within the range of recommended level
for a meeting room, which proved that the acoustic performance strategies and the
material proposed are appropriate.
Activity noise
Iᵢ= activity noise = 45dB
Intensity: 30 = 10 log (lᵢ/io)
Log(Iᵢ ᴵ²)= 3
lᵢ = 4.5x10 2

24. 5.0 Reference
ASHRAE. (1995). ASHRAE handbook 1984 systems. Atlanta, GA: American Society
Heating, Refrigerating
Baiche, B., Neufert, E., & Neufert, P. (2011). Architects' data. New York, NY [u.a.]: Wiley-
Blackwell.
Disegno Group Pty Ltd http://www.disegno.com.au/, I. (2015). Knowledge ››
Viridian :: New World Glassâ„¢. Viridianglass.com. Retrieved 30 November 2015,
from http://www.viridianglass.com/knowledge/Noise/default.aspx
Malaysia. (2007). Code of practice on energy efficiency and use of renewable energy for
non-residential buildings (first revision). Putrajaya: Department of Standard Malaysia.
Reynolds, G. (1981). Sound absorption and sound absorption coefficients for acoustical
modeling materials.
Sound Absorption Coefficients of architectural acoustical materials. (1957). New York.